Kodi Vector Vector?
Mu biology, vector ndi chinthu chomwe chimapereka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena zinthu zina zamoyo kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana. Vector siyimayambitsa matenda kapena chikhalidwe mwachindunji. Izo zimangochita izo basi. Mu fizikiya, vector ndi mzere ndi kukula kwake ndi kutsogolera. Mufilosofi ndi biology, tanthauzo la vector limatanthauza kuyenda.
Akatswiri odwala matendawa akamayankhula za vectors, nthawi zambiri amakambirana zamoyo zomwe zimatha kutenga kachilombo kapena matenda a bakiteriya pakati pa makamu. Mwachitsanzo, udzudzu umakhala ndi malungo a malungo. Amanyamula tizirombo toyambitsa matenda a malaria kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu. Madzudzu amakhalanso ndi zizindikiro zogonana ndi Zika . Zika ndi matenda opatsirana omwe angabweretse mavuto aakulu panthawi yoyembekezera. Makamaka, zingakhale zovulaza kwa mwana wosabadwa. Zika akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogonana.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya udzudzu ikhoza kukhala zowononga matenda osiyanasiyana. Mitundu ina ya mitundu yambiri imatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda. Izi zimaphatikizapo ntchentche za mchenga, nsabwe, utitiri, ndi nkhupakupa.
Mukudziwa: Pali mitundu yoposa 3500 ya udzudzu, kuchokera ku 41 genera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ma vectors a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda. Sikuti udzudzu wonse ndi woopsa kwambiri! Komabe, mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kutulutsa matenda omwewo. Izi siziri zoona nthawi zonse. Matenda ena amafuna ma vectors oposa ena.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya sayansi ya zamoyo akamayankhula za zinyama, amatanthauza zosiyana. Amakonda kukambirana njira zopezera chidutswa cha DNA komwe amafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kachilombo koyambitsa fodya monga chingwe chonyamula jini la anti antibody mu selo la mbeu. Mitundu imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomera zomwe zingapangitse ma antibodies.
Komanso: Vectors amavutitsidwa ndi othandizira. Komabe, zonsezi siziri zofanana. Wothandizira ali ndi matanthauzo angapo. Ponena za matenda, chotengera ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda koma palibe zizindikiro. Wothandizira angakhalenso munthu yemwe ali ndi chibadwa koma alibe zizindikiro.
Kodi Zitsanzo Zina Zogwiritsa Ntchito Zachilengedwe?
- Kugonana kwa Zika kachilombo ka HIV kungatetezedwe ndi makondomu kapena zopinga zina. Komabe, kupewa kutsekula kwa Zika ndi udzudzu kumafuna kuti udzudzu ukhale wotetezedwa. Mayiko ambiri akutsata njira zothandizira udzudzu pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka Zika. Kuchita zimenezi kungakhale njira yothandiza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwaumoyo wokhudzana ndi matenda a Zika. Ndalama zamaganizo ndi zachuma za amayi apakati omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV angakhale okwera kwambiri.
- Nkhupakupa ndi nthenda ya matenda a Lyme. Kafukufuku woteteza Lyme nthawi zambiri amayang'ana njira zothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi zimawoneka ngati zophweka kusiyana ndi njira zina zothandizira - monga katemera. Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboko kumathandizanso kuchepetsa matendawa. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, katemera wotchuka wa Lyme akadakalipo.
- Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2011, Nature inafalitsa kafukufuku wofotokozera mtundu watsopano wa katemera wa SIV (monkey HIV). Katemerayu amagwiritsira ntchito CMV ngati njira yowonetsera chitetezo cha mthupi kwa SIV. Geni kuchokera ku kachirombo ka SIV kanayikidwa mu CMV. Kenaka, kachilombo ka CMV kanapanga mapuloteni a SIV. Asayansi amatha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ngati katemera.
Kodi Integrated Vector Management?
Bungwe la World Health Organization ndilo lomwe likuyambitsa matenda ndi chitetezo cha matenda padziko lonse lapansi. Mbali ya udindo wawo ndi kufufuza, ndikuyang'anira, matenda opatsirana ndi vector. Njira imodzi yomwe amachitira zimenezi ndi kupyolera njira zingapo zomwe zimadziwika kuti Integrated vector management kapena IVM.
Cholinga cha IVM ndicho kupeza njira yabwino kwambiri yothetsera matenda opatsirana ndi vector.
IVM ndi ndondomeko yomwe imathandiza anthu kumudzi kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito njira zowonetsera matenda opatsirana pogonana pamalo enaake. Kawirikawiri, kuphatikiza zosankhidwazo amasankhidwa. Izi zingaphatikizepo kalikonse kuchokera kugawidwa kwa maukonde a udzudzu kuti agwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuti asinthe miyambo.
Chitsime:
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> Hennessey MJ, Fischer M, Panella AJ, Kosoy OI, JJ Laven, Lamulo Loyamba JE. Matenda a Virusi a Z Z mu Othawa Akubwerera ku United States, 2010-2014. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016 Jul 6; 95 (1): 212-5. do: 10.4269 / ajtmh.16-0049.
Kaaijk P, Luytjes W. Katemera motsutsana ndi matenda a Lyme: Kodi tili okonzekera? Katemera Wopanda Munthu. 2015 Sep 4: 0. [Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza]
Moyer MW. Nkhondo yadziko lonse ikulimbana ndi nkhuku zoyamwa magazi. Chilengedwe. 2015 Aug 27; 524 (7566): 406-8. lembani: 10.1038 / 524406a.
Šmit R, Postma MJ. Lyme borreliosis: kubwereza momwe angapezere katemera, zochitika zachipatala komanso zachuma. Katswiri wodziwa katemera wa Rev. 2015 Sep 28: 1-13.