Madzudzu siwo njira yokhayo ya matenda
Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti Zika kachilombo amafalitsidwa ndi kukwawa kwa udzudzu, ndipo kuti, atayamwa, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kuperekedwa kwa mwana wosabadwa. Koma, si njira yokhayo yomwe kachilombo ka HIV kangathere. Umboni tsopano umasonyeza kuti n'zotheka kulandira kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa munthu wina kudzera mu kugonana kosatetezeka ndipo ngakhale magazi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angapangitse vuto, ngakhale laling'ono.
Podziwa momwe Zika kachilombokadutsa, mudzatha kudziteteza nokha ku mavuto.
Ngozi Yopatsira Madzikidzi
Zika kachilombo ndi membala wa mabanja a HIV Flaviviridae ndipo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mavairasi okhudzana ndi udzudzu monga omwe amachititsa kuti dengue fever , yellow fever , ndi encephalitis ya ku Japan .
Chinthu choyambirira chotengera kachilomboka, udzudzu wa Aedes aegypti , siwodabwitsa chifukwa chimagwira ntchito nthawi yamasana. Zimakula m'madera otentha komanso otentha ndipo zimapezeka m'madera ambiri a South America, Central America, Central ndi East Africa, India, Southeast Asia, ndi kumpoto kwa Australia. Ku United States, udzudzu umapezeka makamaka ku Gulf Coast ukuyenda kuchokera ku Florida kupita ku Texas.
Kukwaza kwa udzudzu kumachitika makamaka m'miyezi ya chilimwe ndi chirimwe pamene tizilombo tikuswana. Zimangotenga kuluma umodzi kuti kachilombo kachitike. Maselo a khungu atayandikana nawo, kachilombo kamene kamatha kusuntha m'magazi ndikufalikira thupi lonse.
Ngakhale kuti Zika zambiri ndi zofewa kapena zozizwitsa (popanda zizindikilo), kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kuwonetsa vuto lalikulu lomwe limadziwika ngati matenda a Guillain-Barré omwe thupi limasokoneza maselo ake a mitsempha. Matendawa amakhulupirira kuti amayamba pamene matenda a Zika amatha kupitirira mlungu umodzi ndipo amatsagana ndi malungo.
Mimba yoopsa
Ngakhale kuti matenda a Zika kawirikawiri ndi ofatsa komanso osadziwika, akhoza kusintha kwambiri ngati atapitirira mwana wakhanda amene akukula kumene. Ngakhale asayansi asamvetsetse bwino njira ya matendawa, zikuwoneka kuti kachilombo kamene kamatha kuthetsa chigwacho kumayambiriro kwa trimester yoyamba pamene maselo a fetus akuyamba kuyamba kudziwika mu ubongo, mtima, ndi zina zofunika ziwalo.
Vutoli limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi maselowa, ndipo zimayambitsa mavuto aakulu komanso zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga padera komanso kubereka. Chofunika kwambiri ndi microcephaly , vuto losabadwa losayembekezeka komanso losasinthika limene mwana amabadwa ndi mutu waung'ono ndi ubongo.
Vuto la microcephaly likuwoneka kukhala lopitirira pa trimestre yoyamba. Pachigawo chachiwiri ndi chachitatu, chiwopsezo chidzatsika kuti chikhale chochepa, malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku Center for Disease Control and Prevention.
Zowonjezera, chiopsezo cha microcephaly pa mimba yokhudzidwa ndi pakati pa 1 peresenti ndi 13 peresenti. Palibe zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa ziopsezo.
Kugonjetsa kugonana
Ngakhale kuti Zika kachilombo amaonedwa kuti ndi matenda opatsirana ndi udzudzu, matendawa anawonetsa kuti matenda ena anachitika mu nyengo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuti udzudzu ukhale wovuta.
Kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuti ambiri mwa matendawa anali kupatsirana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, makamaka kuchokera kwa abambo mpaka amai.
Malinga ndi umboni wofalitsidwa ku New England Journal of Medicine, kachilombo ka Zika kamatha kupitirizabe kukhala ndi nthawi yaitali kuposa ming'onoting'ono, kuonjezera kuthekera kwa chiwopsezo cha amuna ndi akazi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kachilombo ka HIV kamakhala kosalala kapena katemera, kuti izi zisapatsire kachilombo ka HIV kwa amuna.
Malingana ndi umboni wamakono, Zika kachilombo ka HIV ingadutse kuchokera kwa wodwala yemwe watengedwera kumene kudzera m'mimba, kumaliseche, kapena kugonana ngati ali ndi zizindikiro kapena ayi.
Kugawidwa kwa zidole za kugonana kungakhalenso pangozi.
Ngozi Kuika Magazi
Zowopsa kuti Zika kachilombo kumayambitsa magazi sizimveka bwino. Ngakhale kuti pali zifukwa zingapo zodalirika ku Brazil zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuikidwa m'magazi (kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a khansa), sipanakhale zochitika zofanana kwinakwake.
Pa August 26, 2016, bungwe la US Food and Drug Administration linapereka malangizo atsopano pa kufufuza kwa zopereka za magazi ku US Today, zopereka zilizonse zomwe zimayesa kuti zitha ziwoneke zimachotsedwa m'magazi.
Zowopsa M'dera
Malinga ndi lipoti la World Health Organization (WHO), mayiko 61 adakumana ndi kuphulika kwa Zika pakati pa 2007 ndi 2016. Izi zikuphatikizapo magawo atatu ku US omwe anakhudzidwa ndi kuphulika kwa 2016: County Brownsville, Texas, Miami-Dade mu Florida, ndi Florida Beach ndi Florida.
WHO inafotokozanso mavuto a matenda a Zika omwe akugwirizana nawo m'madera otsatirawa:
- Zika-zogwirizana ndi microcephaly zinalembedwa m'mayiko 12 kapena m'madera: Brazil, Cabo Verde, Colombia, El Salvador, French Polynesia, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Panama, Puerto Rico, Slovenia, Spain, Venezuela, ndi United States. Brazil inkaimira ambiri mwa milanduyi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, dziko la United States linalengeza zitatu.
- Matenda a Zigaya omwe amagwirizana ndi Guillan-Barré anakakamizidwa ku mayiko 13: Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Panama, Puerto Rico, Suriname ndi Venezuela.
Pakalipano, matenda opatsirana ndi udzudzu (mwachidziwikire opatsirana pogonana) adalembedwa m'mayiko 10: Argentina, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, Peru, Portugal, ndi United States.
> Zotsatira:
> D'Ortenzio, E .; Matheron, S .; Yazdanpanah, Y. et al. "Umboni Wokhudza Kugonana kwa Zika Virus." N Engl J Med. 2016; 374 (22): 2195-8. DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMc1604449.
> Johansson M.; Mier-Y-Teran-Romero, L .; Reefhuis, J. et al. "Zika ndi chiopsezo cha microcephaly." N Engl J Med . 2016; 375: 1-4. DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMp1605367.
> Oster, A .; Brooks, J ;; Stryker, J. et al. "Njira Zopangira Kuletsa Kugonana kwa Zika Virus - United States, 2016." MMWR. 2016; 65 (5): 120-1. DOI: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6505e1.
> Paz-Bailey, G .; Rosenberg, E .; Doyle, K. et al. "Kulimbana ndi Vuto la Zika M'thupi Loyamba - Lipoti Loyamba." N Eng J M. 2017. DOI: 10.1056 / NEJMoa1613108.
> Bungwe la Padziko Lonse la Umoyo. Zomwe Zikuchitika: Zika Virus, Microcephaly, Guillan-Barré matenda. "Geneva, Switzerland; June 23, 2016.