Chizindikiro choyambirira cha khansara ya khungu ndi chilonda chatsopano, chowoneka chowoneka pachikopa. Mwamwayi, palibe chifukwa chochitira mantha, chifukwa zambiri zamatenda sizimatulutsa khansa, koma matenda a khansa ya khungu ayenera kuchitidwa kuti akhale otsimikiza.
Kuti mudziwe ngati chotupacho ndi khansa kapena ayi, dokotala kapena namwino kawirikawiri amayamba kukambirana mbiri yanu yachipatala kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo, kuphatikizapo mbiri ya khansa yapakhungu mu banja lanu komanso chiwerengero cha kusamba kwa dzuwa.
Kufufuza khungu kudzachitika, pamene dokotala adzazindikira kukula, mawonekedwe, mtundu, ndi chikhalidwe cha malo okayikira. Adzayang'anitsitsa mafupa anu kuti ayang'ane kutupa, chizindikiro cha khansa.
Chimake
Njira yokhayo yodziwira bwinobwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansara ya khungu ndiyo kulumikiza zilonda zokayikitsa. Malangizo othandiza, monga chithokomiro chakuya, amatha kupezeka mwachidule. Njira zachidule zimaphatikizapo:
- Sula nsonga: Dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito tsamba lakuda ndi lakuthwa kuti ameta ndekha kukula. Imeneyi ndiyo njira yowopsya kwambiri pamene dokotala akuikira basal cell carcinoma kapena squamous cell carcinoma.
- Punch biopsy: Dokotala amagwiritsira ntchito chida chakuthwa kuchotsa mdulidwe wa minofu ku malo osazolowereka.
- Zosakaniza zovuta: Dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito scalpel kuchotsa mbali ya kukula.
- Chidwi chodabwitsa: Dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito scalpel kuti achotse kukula konse ndi minofu kuzungulira. Zindikirani kuti biopsy yosakanizika ndi kusankha kwabwino kwa biopsy pamene dokotala akukayikira khansa ya melanoma. Malinga ndi kukula kapena malo a chotupacho, komabe, chidziwitso chokhalira chisangalalo sichingakhale chotheka nthawi zonse.
Ndondomekoyi imapangidwa ndi anesthesia wamba ku ofesi ya dokotala kapena kuchipatala china. Chitsanzocho kenako amapita ku labu kumene katswiri wa matenda odwala matenda amafupa amawunika pansi pa microscope.
Ngati dokotala akukayikira khansa yamtundu wa mankhwala, zida zina zogwiritsira ntchito matenda odwala matendawa zimaphatikizapo kuyezetsa magazi kwa ma LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) masitepe kapena maphunziro ojambula monga chifuwa X, ray (CT (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ndi PET (positron emission tomography) imafufuza.
Dokotala angathenso kutenga zitsanzo za ma lymph nodes pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga mapu a sentinel lymph node kapena aspiral aspiration.
Kusinthana
Ngati chiwonetserochi chikuwonetsa kuti muli ndi melanoma, adokotala ayenera kudziwa momwe matendawa angakhalire kuti akonzekere bwino chithandizo chanu. Malingana ndi National Institutes of Health, sitejiyi ikuchokera pa zinthu zitatu izi:
- Kukula kwa kukula
- Zimakula bwanji pansi pa khungu la pamwamba
- Kaya zafalikira ku maselo amphongo oyandikana nawo kapena mbali zina za thupi
Mwachidule, magawo a melanoma ndi awa:
- Gawo 0: Khansara imangotenga khungu la pamwamba. Amatchedwa kuti melanoma in situ .
- Gawo I: Kukula kumachepera 2 millimeters mozama.
- Gawo Lachiwiri: Kukula kumakhala malimita awiri ozama.
- Gawo Lachitatu: Khansara yafalikira pansi pa khungu kwa khungu, minofu, fupa, kapena pafupi ndi minofu yapafupi. Silikufalikira kumalo ena m'thupi.
- Gawo lachinayi: Khansara yafalikira kumalo ena mu thupi.
Izi zimadziwika kuti TNM system staging. Dokotala wanu angapatsenso Clark ndi Breslow nambala- zofunikira za kupweteka kwa chifuwa ndi makulidwe, motero-kuti mupitirize kukhazikitsa khansa yanu ndipo muzindikire kuti mukudwala. Kukhazikitsa malo ndi sitepe yofunikira chifukwa imasankha njira zamankhwala .
Kuti mupeze chitsimikizo cholondola, ganizirani kupeza lingaliro lachiwiri kuchokera kwa katswiri monga dermatologist.
Zotsatira:
"Zimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Khansa Yapakhungu." National Cancer Institute. July 2002.
"Zonse Zokhudza Khansa Yachikopa - Melanoma." American Cancer Society. July 2008.