Kusankha kansangamsanga khungu kumadalira mtundu, siteji , kukula kwake ndi malo a chotupacho, kaya khansa yayamba kufalikira kapena ayi. Mankhwala a khansa yapakhungu amachitiranso opaleshoni, mankhwala othandizira mazira , immunotherapy , ndi / kapena chemotherapy.
Gulu la madokotala lidzagwira ntchito nanu kuti mudziwe njira yabwino yothandizira khansa ya khungu.
Gululo lingaphatikizepo akatswiri monga opaleshoni ya oncologist , odwala za sayansi ya zachipatala, odwala matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mazira, a dermatologist (dokotala yemwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi matenda a khungu) ndi wodwalayo.
Opaleshoni
Manmelanoma ( basal cell ndi squamous cell ) ndi khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa imatha kuchiritsidwa mosavuta ngati atapezeka kuti akuchiritsidwa pamene chotupacho n'chochepa. Kuchita opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupa ndiko mankhwala oyenera koma pali zina zambiri zomwe mungapeze. Njira yamachiritsira ya nonmelanoma kapena khansa ya khansa ( kumayambiriro kapena kumapeto kwa khansa) khansa imadalira kukula kwa khungu, komwe kumapezeka mthupi ndi mtundu wina. Zina mwazomwe mungasankhe ndi:
- Kusasunthika mosavuta (kuchotsa) kwa zilondazo ndi malo a khungu loyang'ana mozungulira kumbali yonse
- Curettage ndi electrodesiccation (scraping ndi cauterizing), yomwe ili yothandiza kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timene timakhala timene timakhala timene timayambitsa matendawa.
- Mohs surger y (opaleshoni ya microscopically ya opaleshoni), njira yapadera kwambiri ya basal ndi squamous cell carcinoma yomwe siimabweretsa mavuto ambiri monga njira zina
Pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya khansa ya khansa, dokotala wa opaleshoni kapena wachipatala angathenso kulangiza chithandizo chomwe chimatchedwa "adjuvant" pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe anaphunzira zokhudza matendawa panthawi ya opaleshoni.
Izi zikhoza kuphatikizapo immunotherapy, chemotherapy ndi / kapena mankhwala ochizira. Ngati khansa ya khansa imafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali (siteji IV) kapena recurs (kubwerera pambuyo kuchipatala), opaleshoni ikhoza kupitsidwanso kuti athetsere matendawa.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy (omwe amatchedwanso zovuta kapena mankhwala a biologic) amathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chipeze ndi kuwononga maselo a khansa. Zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi thupi kapena mu labotale kuti zipititse patsogolo, zolinga, kapena kubwezeretsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Kwa basal ndi squamous cell carcinoma, topical cream imiquimod ndi "immune response modifier" yomwe imayikidwa. Immunotherapy imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza khansa ya khansa, makamaka pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo kuti khansa ya khansa idzabwererenso. Mankhwala awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi interferon alfa-2b ndi interleukin-2. Immunotherapy ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphatikizapo opaleshoni ndi / kapena chemotherapy, kapena ngati gawo la mayesero a zachipatala. Mankhwala ambiri omwe akuwongolera akuyesedwa panopo, kuphatikizapo katemera wodwala.
Zotsatira za mankhwalawa zimasiyana. Zitha kuphatikizapo kutopa, malungo, kuzizira, kupweteka mutu, zovuta kukumbukira, kupweteka kwa minofu ndi kukwiya kwa khungu. Nthaŵi zina, zotsatira zochokera ku immunotherapy zingakhale ndi kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kuyambitsa madzi m'mapapo.
Muyenera kukambirana za ubwino ndi zoopsa za njira iliyonse ya mankhwala ndi dokotala wanu.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti aphe khansa. Mankhwala a chemotherapy amaperekedwa kudzera m'magazi, akuwongolera maselo a kansa m'thupi lonse. Kwa khansa ya melanoma, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pali chiopsezo chachikulu kuti khansa ya melanoma ikhoza kufalikira kapena kuchepetsa matenda opatsirana, ngakhale kuti mankhwala odwala khansa yafala kwambiri. Kusakaniza kambirimbiri ka mankhwala a chemotherapy pakali pano akuyesedwa m'mayesero a zamankhwala.
Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga khansa ndi dacarbazine (DTIC), carboplatin (Paraplatin), cisplatin (Platinol), melphalan (Alkeran) ndi temozolamide (Temodar).
Mankhwala omwe amachiza khansa amapitirirabe. Kulankhulana ndi dokotala ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yophunzirira za mankhwala omwe mwalangizidwa, cholinga chawo ndi zotsatira zake zomwe zingatheke kapena kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena. Kuphatikiza pa machitidwe ochizira mankhwala, palinso njira zomwe zimayika mankhwalawa pamadera ena. Kutsekedwa kwa thupi kumbali yopangira magazi (ILP) ndi kupatsirana kwina kwapadera (ILI) ndi zitsanzo za njira iyi.
Zotsatira za mankhwala a chemotherapy zimadalira munthu payekha komanso mlingo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito koma ukhoza kuphatikizapo kutopa, chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV, kusungunuka ndi kusanza, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha zina zomwe zimapangitsa kusintha kwa chisokonezo ndi kutaya tsitsi. Zotsatirapozi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kamodzi mankhwala atatha.
Mankhwala Opanga Mafuta
Mankhwalawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamakono X-ray kapena particles kuti aphe maselo a kansa. Mtundu wambiri wothandizidwa ndi ma radiation umatchedwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amawatulutsa kuchokera pamakina kunja kwa thupi.
Thandizo la mankhwala la khansa ya khansa lingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zingapo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofuna kuthetsa zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya khansa, makamaka ubongo ndi mafupa. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati khansara yayamba kufalikira ku maselo a mitsempha yam'mimba, motsatira njira yothana ndi minofu. Potsirizira pake, kafukufuku akuchitidwa kuti ayese mphamvu ya chemoradiation, kuphatikiza kwa radiation therapy ndi chemotherapy.
Mankhwalawa amatha kupweteka khungu, kunyoza, kutopa ndi tsitsi. Ngati mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzungulira mutu ndi khosi, zotsatira zake, monga kukoma kokongoletsa ndi pakamwa youma, zingachitike. Zotsatirapozi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kamodzi mankhwala atatha. Ngati mitsempha ya mitsempha pafupi ndi mkono kapena mwendo inakhudzidwa, munthuyo akhoza kukhala pa chiopsezo chachikulu chakumanga madzi m'diso, mbali yomwe imatchedwa lymphedema.
Kutsiliza
Pali mankhwala ambiri othandiza khansa yapakhungu. Palinso nsomba imodzi, komabe: Matendawa amafunika kuti azindikire msanga kuti mankhwalawa akhale othandiza. Ngati khansa ya khansa imathamangitsidwa ku ziwalo zakutali, chiwopsezocho chikugwa mofulumira. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi zonse kudzipenda khungu ndi kupewa zinthu zoopsa kungapulumutse moyo wanu.
> Zotsatira:
"Malanoma - Malangizo Ochiza Odwala." National Comprehensive Cancer Network ndi American Cancer Society.
"Zimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Khansa Yapakhungu." National Cancer Institute. July 2002.
"Zonse Zokhudza Khansa Yachikopa - Melanoma." American Cancer Society. July 2008.