Chitsogozo cha Odwala ku Gawo 0, I, ndi II Chithandizo cha Melanoma
Kuyambilira kwa Matenda a Chilonda - Kodi Chimachitika Ndi Chiyani?
Dokotala wanu akunena kuti chikopa chanu cha khungu chinabwerera kachilombo ka khansa ya khansa , mtundu wansanje wa khansa ya khungu . Mwamwayi, anagwidwa ngati tsamba loyamba la melanoma (0, I, kapena II), kotero kuti matenda anu ndi abwino. Koma chotsatira ndi chiyani? Kodi mungasankhe bwanji mankhwala? Nazi mwachidule zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera.
Ngati mwamvapo malingaliro anu a melanoma koma osatsimikizika za siteji, phunzirani za momwe matenda a melanoma alili .
Ngati khansa yanu ya khansa ya m'magazi imakhala gawo lachiwiri kapena gawo la (metastatic) la melanoma, phunzirani za momwe mungasamalire khansa yapakhungu .
Gawo 0 (In Situ) Melanoma
Gawo 0 ("in situ") ma melanomas sanafalikire kunja kwa epidermis (pamwamba pa khungu). Kawirikawiri amachiritsidwa ndi kuchotsa opaleshoni ("kusakanizika") kwa khansa ya khansa komanso kuchepa kwachilendo (pafupifupi masentimita 0,5) a khungu lenileni (lotchedwa "m'mphepete"). Opaleshoni pa sitejiyi nthawi zambiri amachiza matendawa. Pamaso pa madokotala a khansa ya khansa ya khansa, madokotala ena amatha kupereka mankhwala a kirimu omwe ali ndi mankhwala Aldara (imiquimod) . Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamene opaleshoni ingayambitse vuto lodzola. Zakudya zonona zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse kamodzi pa tsiku kapena kawiri pa sabata kwa miyezi itatu.
Gawo I Melanoma
Chithandizo cha khansa ya melanoma (ndiko kuti, zilonda zam'mimba 2 mm kapena zazikulu) zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa opaleshoni ya khansa ya khansa komanso kuchotsa masentimita 1 mpaka 2 khungu loyandikana nalo, malingana ndi kukula kwa khansa yotchedwa " Breslow " makulidwe ").
Malinga ndi malo a khansa ya khansa, anthu ambiri angathe kuchita izi mwachipatala kapena kuchipatala.
Nthawi zonse lymph node dissection (kuchotsedwa kwa ma lymph nodes pafupi ndi khansara) sikunayesedwe kuti apitirize kukhala ndi moyo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a melanoma. Madokotala ena amalimbikitsa mapupala a fetinel lymph node ndi biopsy ngati khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa IB kapena ili ndi zina zomwe zimapangitsa kufalikira kwa maselo am'mimba.
Gawo lachiwiri la Melanoma
Kuchokera kwakukulu ndi mankhwala oyenera a tsamba lachiwiri la khansa ya khansa. Ngati khansa ya melanoma imakhala pakati pa 1 mm ndi 2 mm wakuda, 1 cm mpaka 2 cm m'mphepete mwa chikopa chidzachotsedwanso. Ngati chotupacho chiri 2 mm mpaka 4 mm wakuda, osachepera 2 masentimita a khungu lenileni adzachotsedwa kuzungulira malo otupa. Ngati chotupacho chiposa 4 mm wakuda, mlingo wa masentimita atatu umalimbikitsidwa pamene anatomically ikutheka.
Popeza kuti khansa ya khansa imafalikira ku maselo a mitsempha pafupi ndi chotupacho, madokotala ena angalimbikitse nayenso node lymph biopsy. Mwa njirayi, dae ndi traactive radioactive zimayikidwa mu khansa ya khansa isanakwane opaleshoni. Mankhwala a Melanomas amafalikira mwa njira yamagetsi kapena mwazi. Pamene zimafalikira kudzera mu mitsempha ya mitsempha, nthawi zambiri amayamba kufalikira ku maselo am'mimba omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi khansara, ndipo atangoyamba kufalikira ku mliri woyamba, imafalitsa mzere kwa ena. Kuchita nthenda ya fetinel biopsy kumalola dokotalayo kuti azindikire za khansa ya melanoma yayamba kufalikira.
Ngati nambala (s) yamtunduwu imapezeka, idzayambanso kuphatikizapo kuchotsa melanoma. Ngati nthendayi imakhala ndi khansara, ndiye kuti mitsempha yotchedwa lymph node dissection (kumene mafupa onse am'deralo akuchotsedwa opaleshoni) idzachitike patsiku lomaliza.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngati pali umboni wakuti khansara yafalikira ku nthendayi kapena nthenda zina zam'mimba, izi sizikutanthawuza kuti ndizovuta. Pa mbiri yanu ya biopsy iyenera kunena kuti "maselo a mitsempha yam'mimba" koma kachiwiri, izi sizikutanthauza kuti khansara yanu ndi yodabwitsa, koma ingakhale yomwe ingathe kukhala metastatic.
Nthawi zina (monga ngati chotupachi chikupezeka kuti chimakhala choposa 4 mm wandiweyani kapena ngati maselo amphongo ali ndi khansara), madokotala ena akhoza kulangiza mankhwala adjuvant (chithandizo china pambuyo pa opaleshoni) ndi interferon-alfa2b . Mankhwala ena kapena katemera angathenso kulangizidwa ngati gawo la mayesero a zachipatala pofuna kuchepetsa mwayi kuti khansa ya melanoma ibwerere.
Umboni wamakono wokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena ma radiation kwa odwala omwe ali pa siteji yachiwiri, komabe, ndi zochepa.
Mankhwala atsopano amayamba kupezeka kwa khansa ya khansa nthawi zonse ndipo ambiri akuphunziridwa m'mayesero a zamankhwala. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati mungakhale woyenera pa maphunziro awa. Ngati muli ndi gawo lachiwiri la khansa ndizofunikira kwambiri kukhala wothandizira nokha pa chisamaliro chanu cha khansa . Phunzirani zambiri za khansa ya khansa komanso zizindikiro zonse zobwereza .
Zotsatira:
National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha Melanoma (PDQ) - kwa Odwala Health Professionals. Kusinthidwa 04/15/16. https://www.cancer.gov/types/skin/hp/melanoma-treatment-pdq