Dziwani mtundu uti umene uli wabwino kwambiri kwa selo yeniyeni, cell squamous, ndi melanoma
Ngati muli ndi malo okayikitsa pa khungu lanu, dokotala wanu angapangire chitsimikizo kuti ayang'ane khansara ya khungu . Izi zikhoza kukumbukira mafunso angapo. Kodi ndi mitundu yanji ya khansara ya khungu yomwe ingakwaniritsidwe, ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani njira zosiyanasiyana zimalimbikitsidwa ndi zilonda zosiyanasiyana? Kodi zidzapweteka? Kodi ndi chidziwitso chiti chomwe adokotala anu adzalandira kuchokera kwa wodwala matendawa ndi chiyani chomwe chidzachitike?
Pezani tsatanetsatane wokhudza tsatanetsatane wa kansa ya kansalu khungu, pansipa.
Kodi Khansa ya Khungu Imakhala Chiyani?
Kansalu yamakono a khungu imapangidwa kuti awone ngati malo osadziwika pa khungu lanu akhoza kukhala ndi khansa. Khansara ya khungu ndi yofala kwambiri, imakhudza anthu oposa miliyoni miliyoni chaka chilichonse ku United States.
Mitundu ya Khansara ya Khungu
Pali mitundu itatu yapadera ya khansara ya khungu, ndipo khansa yamtundu wanji yomwe muli nayo idzawunikira mtundu uti wa khansa ya khungu yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Khansara ya khungu la khungu la squamous : Khungu la squamous khungu nthawi zina limayamba ngati actinic keratosis , chotupa chokhala ndi chofiira chomwe chimagwirizana ndi dzuwa. Ili ndilo kachiwiri kawiri ka khansa yapakhungu.
- Basal cell carcinoma ya khungu: Basal cell carcinoma ndiyo kachitidwe kawiri ka khansa ya khungu, yomwe imachititsa pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya matendawa. Maonekedwe a basal cell carcinoma kawirikawiri amakhala ndi pepala ndipo chotupa chimayamba ngati khungu pakhungu lomwe pamapeto pake limakhala lopsinjika pakati (ngati chiphalaphala).
- Chilankhulo : Melanoma ndiyo mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa khansara ya khungu ndipo ndiyo yomwe imayambitsa imfa zambiri. Popeza kudwala matenda a khansa (yomwe imakhudza dongosolo la chithandizo ndi matenda anu) kumadalira kutsimikiza molondola za chotupacho, mtundu wa khansara ya khungu imene dokotalayo amasankha idzakhala imodzi yomwe imateteza chotupacho molondola.
Selo ya squamous ndi basal cell carcinomas amaonedwa ngati "khansa ya khansa ya khansa" ndipo safalitsa. Mitundu yambiri ya khungu imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze khansa izi, koma zomwezo sizowona ndi khansa ya melanoma.
Mitundu ya Matenda a Khansa ya Khungu
- Sula nsonga: Kuphimba kumutu ndi khansara ya khungu yosavuta yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi momwe mungametezere nkhope yanu kapena miyendo yanu, ngakhale mukuzama. Ndilo mtundu wofala kwambiri wa biopsy, ndipo umagwira ntchito bwino ndi zilonda zomwe zimakulira. Mtundu woterewu umachotsa khungu la epidermal la khungu ndi gawo la pamwamba la nsomba . Nthendayi siyenera kuchitidwa ngati khansa ikugwiriridwa (njira zina za biopsy ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zikhale ndi zilonda zamkati). Kawirikawiri ndi njira yomwe imapangidwira kafukufuku wa khungu pamapazi chifukwa sichitha kugawidwa ndi kutuluka mwazi mutatha njirayi. Pambuyo potsatidwa, malo omwe khungu limachotsedwa amatha kuyamwa kuti asatenge magazi ndi aluminium hydroxide yankho kapena siliva ya nitrate (ngakhale izi zingawononge khungu). Derali liyenera kukhala loyera komanso lonyowa kwa mlungu umodzi kuti kuchepetsako kuchepa.
- Punch biopsy: Chiwombankhanga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa njira yofanana ndi phokopala kapena mapepala a cookie, ndipo imachotsa chigawo cha minofu. Zida zosiyana siyana zimapangidwa ndi dokotala ndipo dokotala wanu adzasankha kukula kwake komwe kungathe kuchotsa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri. Dera lomwe liyenera kukhazikitsidwa limasankhidwa ndipo chitsanzocho chimapezeka potembenuza chida. Chiwombankhanga chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutenga chitsanzo cha zilonda zokayikitsa (kapena nthawi zina kuchotsa zilonda zonse ngati zing'onozing'ono). Chiwombankhanga chimatengera chitsanzo chozama kusiyana ndi nsonga yameta, kuchotsa epidermis, dermis, ndi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono (kapena subcutis). Derali nthawi zambiri limatsekedwa ndi suture. Mtundu wina wa biopsy uyenera kuganiziridwa ngati mukuganiza kuti khansa ya melanoma imaganiza.
- Zosakaniza ndi zosakanikirana: Zopangira zosakanikirana ndi zosakanikirana zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mpeni wopaleshoni. Kusiyanitsa ndiko kuti biopsy yosakanizidwa (yotsimikiziridwa ngati melanoma ikukayikiridwa) imachotsedwa kuchotsa zonse zotupa, pamene kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso kumachotsa gawo lokha kuti liwonetse. Katemera wotchedwa elliptical nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti athandizidwe ndi kutseka chifuwacho atachotsedwa.
Kusankha Zochita Zabwino
Nthenda yameta kapena phokoso yotsamba ikhoza kuganiziridwa ngati chotupa chikukayikira khansa ya khungu la squamous, koma biopsy yosakanikirana (makamaka chowopsya chachikulu cha biopsy) chiyenera kuchitidwa ngati akuganiza kuti melanoma imaganiza.
Ngakhale malangizo omwe aperekedwa ndi American Academy of Dermatology, malangizowo samatsatira mosamalitsa. Mu 2016, adapeza kuti panali kusiyana kwakukulu momwe US ​​dermatologists amatsatira malangizo awa. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya kusokonezeka kwa chiphuphu mu phunziro limodzi:
- 35 peresenti anadziwika ndi nsonga zameta
- 11 peresenti anadziwika ndi nkhonya
- Ma melanomas omwe anali oyenerera ndi osakanikirana, 31 peresenti anachotsedwamo ndi chophweka chochepa, m'malo mopambanitsidwa kwapadera
Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku waposachedwa sanapeze kuti mtundu wa khansara ya khungu imapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu m'kupulumuka monga momwe tanaganizire kale, biopsy yoyenera imakulitsa kulondola kwa matenda ndi khansa, zomwe zimakhudza njira zamankhwala zomwe mungasankhe.
Crux ya zotsatirazi ndikuti muyenera kukhala wothandizira kudziwa zachipatala. Funsani mafunso, mosamala musankhe owapereka, ndipo musazengereze kupeza lingaliro lachiwiri.
Kodi Chisokonezo Chidzapwetekedwa?
Musanayambe kansalu ya khansa ya khungu, dokotala wanu amathyola khungu, nthawi zambiri pobaya jekeseni lidocaine kudera lonselo. Kwa iwo omwe ali ovuta kwambiri kuvutika, dera lanu likhoza kukhala loyambidwa ndi topical lidocaine lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphindi 20 kapena 30 isanafike jekeseni wa lidocaine. Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko, muyenera kukhala ndi ululu wochepa.
Machiritso
Ziribe kanthu kaya ndi khansa yamtundu wanji yomwe yakhala ikuchitika, ndikofunika kusunga malo anu kapena malo osokoneza bongo. Palibe njira yothetsera kupweteka pamene chiwopsezo chachitidwa, koma mukhoza kuchepetsa zochepetsetsa mwa kusunga malo oyeretsa kuti muteteze matenda (zomwe zingapangitse zochepa) komanso popewa kudetsa nkhalango.
Mavuto
Zovuta ndizosazolowereka ndi khungu la khungu koma zimaphatikizapo kutuluka magazi ndi matenda. Ngati muli ndi matenda a magazi kapena muli ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachititsa kuti magazi ayambe kulowera, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu. Kumbukirani kuti zina zowonjezera zitsamba zingapangitse kutuluka magazi.
Matenda
Kawirikawiri amatenga masiku angapo dokotala asanalandire lipoti la matenda kuchokera ku labu. Izi zimatsimikizira ngati khungu lanu ndi khansa kapena ayi. Funsani dokotala wanu pamene akuyembekeza kulandira lipoti ndikupeza ngati angakuitaneni zotsatira kapena ngati mukufuna kukonzekera kukambirana.
Ngati khungu lanu lachikopa limawulula khansa ya khansa, zimakhala zoonjezerapo kuti muyese kufufuza minofu m'madera pafupi ndi chotupacho. Phunzirani zambiri za ubwino ndi kupweteka kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi melanoma.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri
Ngati mukukhala ndi khansara ya khungu chifukwa cha chilonda chosachiritsika pakhungu lanu, mwinamwake mukukumana ndi nkhawa. Sichithandiza anthu akamanena kuti "kokha" kansalu ya khungu. Mtundu uliwonse wa khansa ndi woopsa ndipo ndi zachilendo kumva mantha. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti pamene khansara ya khungu imagwidwa ndikuchiritsidwa msanga, imachiritsidwa, choncho nthawi zambiri kuona dermatologist kuti mufufuze nthawi zonse ndilo lingaliro labwino.
Kaya zotsatira zanu zikuwonetsa khansa, yesani kuphunzira za kansalu ya khungu . Kuvala sunscreen tsiku ndi tsiku-makamaka pamene mukuyenera kukhala kunja kwa nthawi yaitali-ndikofunikira, komanso kukhala m'nyumba mkatikatikati mwa tsiku, kufunafuna mthunzi, ndi kuvala zovala zotetezedwa ndi dzuwa monga alonda , zipewa, ndi magalasi.
> Zotsatira:
> Farber, A., ndi D. Rigel. Kuyerekezera Zomwe Zilipo Masiku Ano Zitsanzo za Dermatologists ku United States Zotsutsana ndi Zowonetsedwa Zotsatira za Zopangira, Kuyang'aniridwa, ndi Kutsata Odwala a Melanoma Oyambirira. Journal ya American Academy of Dermatology . 2016. 75 (6): 1193-1197.
> Kasper, Dennis, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, ndi J. Jameson. Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati. New York: Maphunziro a McGraw-Hill, 2015. Print.
> Madu, F., Wouters, M., ndi A. van Akkooi. Chitetezo cha Sentinel Node mu Melanoma: Mikangano Yamakono Yowonjezeredwa. European Journal of Oncology Opaleshoni . 2016 Aug 24. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).
> National Library of Medicine. Kachilombo Kachikopa Kwambiri. Kusinthidwa 12/02/14. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003840.htm