Anatomy ndi Ntchito ya Chigawo Chakumtunda cha Khungu
Epidermis ndi chikopa cha khungu. Kuchuluka kwa epidermis kumasiyana malinga ndi kumene kuli thupi. Ndipamtundu wake wotchedwa thinnest, womwe umakhala wotalika mamita mamilimita, ndipo umakhala waukulu kwambiri pa mitengo ya palmu ndi miyendo ya 1.5 millimeters.
Anatomy ya Khungu
Mankhwala a khungu amapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu: epidermis, dermis, ndi minofu yapansi.
Zigawozi zimakhala ndi zithunzithunzi zamoto, mafuta a mafuta, tsitsi la tsitsi , zotengera magazi, ndi maselo ena ofunikira kwambiri.
Ntchito za Epidermis
Epidermis imakhala ngati chotchinga chomwe chimateteza thupi ku miyeso ya ultraviolet (UV), mankhwala owopsa, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi bowa.
M'mbuyomu, ankaganiza kuti ntchito ya epidermis inali kuyendetsa madzimadzi ndi kuteteza thupi kuti lisamavulaze. Zaka zaposachedwapa, tazindikira kuti ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe imathandizira momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayankhulira ndikukankhira chitetezo.
M'kati mwa epidermis muli zigawo zingapo zosiyana, zopangidwa kuchokera (kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba):
- Stratum basale, yomwe imatchedwanso basal cell wosanjikiza, ndiyo mkati mwa epidermis. Izi zowonjezera zimakhala ndi maselo ozungulira omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe omwe amakhala akugawanika ndikukwera pamwamba. Basal maziko amakhalanso ndi ma melanocytes omwe amachititsa melanin (mtundu wa pigment womwe umayambitsa khungu). Akakhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ma melanocytes amachititsa kuti melanin imateteze khungu mosavuta. Zomwe sizingatheke pakukula kwa maselowa zingapangitse khansa ya khansa , mtundu wambiri wa khansa ya khungu.
- Stratum spinosum imatchulidwanso kuti squamous cell layer, ndi choponderetsa kwambiri cha epidermis chomwe chili pamwamba pazitsulo za basal. Izi zimapangidwa ndi maselo a basal omwe anakula mumaselo a squamous, otchedwa keratinocytes. Keratinocytes ndi omwe amachititsa keratin, puloteni yoteteza yomwe imapanga khungu, misomali, ndi tsitsi. Mzere wosakanikiranawu umakhalanso kunyumba kwa maselo a Langerhans amene amadziphatika okha kuzinthu zakunja pamene alowetsa khungu. Ndili ndi udindo wopanga ma cytokines , mtundu wa mapuloteni omwe amathandiza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke.
- Stratum granulosum imapangidwa ndi keratinocytes yomwe yasamuka kuchoka ku mdima wambiri. Pamene maselowa amayandikira pafupi ndi khungu, amayamba kugwedeza ndi kumamatirana palimodzi, potsirizira pake kuyanika ndi kufa.
- Stratum corneum ndilokunja kwa epidermis. Zimaphatikizapo 10 mpaka 30 zigawo za keratinocyte zakufa zomwe zimatsanulidwa nthawi zonse. Kutsuka kwa maselowa kumathamanga kwambiri ndi ukalamba. Dongosolo lonse la maselo, kuchokera ku selo imodzi mpaka ku stratum corneum, limatenga masabata anayi mpaka asanu kwa achinyamata komanso pafupi mwezi ndi theka kwa akuluakulu.
- Stratum lucidum imangokhalapo pazanja za manja ndi phazi la mapazi. Zili ndi zigawo zinayi mmalo mwa zinayi.
Zinthu Zomwe Zimayambitsa Epidermis
Epidermis ikhoza kukhudzidwa ndi zambiri osati kungovulaza. Mbali yapansiyi imakhudzidwa ndi zamoyo zonse komanso zowonjezera zomwe zimachititsa kuti ukalamba ukhale wokalamba. Zinthu izi zimaphatikizapo kusuta, kumwa mowa, komanso kutuluka kwa dzuwa kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti makwinya, dzuwa, ndi kutsekula kwa khungu zisakanike.
Epidermis ndipamene zimapangitsa kuti misala ndi zotupa ziwonekere, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi poizoni.
Chimodzimodzinso magulu a khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa komanso khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa.
Kulowera kwa epidermis kungayambitse matenda omwe thupi limatha kuteteza. Izi zimaphatikizapo matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amalowa m'thupi kudzera mu zilonda, mabala, mabala, kapena kuvulala kosafunika.
> Chitsime
- > Tan, S .; Roediger, B ;; ndi Weninger, W. "Udindo wa Chemokines mu Kutetezedwa Kwambiri Kwambiri." Immunology ndi Cell Biology . 2015; 93 (4): 337-46.