Kodi ana athu akuchita bwanji masiku ano? Izo zimadalira amene mumayankhula naye. Akatswiri pa zachipatala ndi zaumoyo za boma kuti izi ndi mbadwo wathanzi kwambiri, omwe ali ndi ana ochepa kwambiri omwe amafa, ma rate otsika a chipatala, ndi kupeza chakudya chopatsa thanzi.
Ena, omwe amamangiriridwa ku anti-katemera komanso kayendedwe ka mankhwala achilengedwe, amanena kuti ana akudwala kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.
Anthu omwewa amavomereza kuti tili ndi vuto lalikulu la katemera wotchedwa autism , kufa kwa ana aang'ono, komanso kuchuluka kwa ziwindi zapakati, ndi zina zotero.
Katemera
Ana ndi achinyamata angapeze katemera 13 omwe amawateteza ku matenda 16 omwe amapewa katemera, kuphatikizapo diphtheria, tetanus , pertussis, chikuku , mawere, rubella, polio, varicella, matenda a pneumococcal, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, matenda a meningococcal, HPV, rotavirus, Hib, ndi chimfine.
Uku ndikokuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ana asanu ndi awiri omwe anadwala anali kutetezedwa mu 1980, pamene ana akadali pachiopsezo chotenga epiglottitis, Hib meningitis, ndi Pneumococcal meningitis, etc.
Katemera ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zabwino kwambiri za thanzi labwino, komabe pakadakalibe ntchito, kuphatikizapo:
- Katemera wa chifuwa chonse
- Katemera womwe umagwirizanitsa onse a Neisseria meningitidis serogroups muwombera umodzi
- Kukula kwa katemera watsopano omwe angateteze Ebola, Zika, RSV, HIV, ndi Lyme matenda, ndi zina zotero.
- Katemera wa pertussis womwe umateteza chitetezo chokhalitsa
- Kupeza aliyense katemera - ana osadziletsa komanso ana akuluakulu amachititsa kuti ziphuphu zitha kupewa
Komabe, mu 2014, CDC inanena kuti "katemera adzaletsa anthu oposa 21 miliyoni ogwira ntchito kuchipatala ndi ana okwana 732,000 pakati pa ana obadwa zaka 20 zapitazo."
Kufa kwa Khanda
Kufa kwa ana aang'ono, kapena chiwerengero cha imfa ya makanda pa 1,000 chibadwidwe, nthawi zonse ku United States kuposa maiko ena otukuka.
Inde, izi si chifukwa cha katemera, monga anthu ena amalingalira, koma chifukwa cha njira imene imfa ya khanda imatchulidwira ku United States. Mosiyana ndi US, mayiko ena samaphatikizapo makanda oyambirira m'mimba mwawo. Ndipo chiyambireni kubadwa koyambirira ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ya ana ku US, zomwe zimayesa mitengo yosakhulupirika.
Zina mwazimene zimayambitsa kufa kwa makanda ku US zimaphatikizapo zolepheretsa kubadwa, SIDS, mavuto a amayi a mimba, ndi kuvulala. Mwamwayi, chiwerengero cha kufa kwa makanda kakhala kakuyendayenda kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipotu, iwo anafika panthawi yochepa kwambiri mu 2014.
Chifuwa ndi Zosokoneza
Peresenti ya ana omwe ali ndi mphumu yakhala yosasunthika pa zaka, pafupifupi 8 peresenti. Ndiponso, pa asanu peresenti, ndi chiwerengero cha ana omwe ali ndi vuto limodzi kapena ochulukirapo ambiri mumsasa 12 yapitayo.
Pakhala "kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha ana omwe adapezeka kuti ali ndi chifuwa cha mphumu" kuyambira 1997, koma chizoloŵezichi chasintha kuyambira 2011, ndipo zaka zambiri zapitazi zafala.
Komanso, chiwerengero cha chipatala cha ana chokhala ndi matenda a mphumu chinachepa kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2010.
Pazochitika zina zotengera ana ndi achinyamata, kuyambira 1997 mpaka 2011:
- Chifuwa cha zakudya chinawonjezeka kuchokera pa 3.4 peresenti kufika pa 5.1 peresenti.
- Kuchepa kwa khungu (kadamsana) kunakula kuchokera pa 7.4 peresenti mpaka 12.5 peresenti.
- Kuchiza kwaumphawi (hay fever) sikunasinthe, ndi kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi 17 peresenti.
Kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso kuchokera ku International Study of Asthma and Alergies mu Ubwana, "Kodi Chisangalalo Chikuwonjezeka Padziko Lonse?" anapeza kuwonjezeka kwakukulu m'mayiko omwe kale anali ochepa, komanso anapeza kuti "mliri wamtundu wa zamoyo ukuoneka ngati ukukwera kapena kuchepa m'mayiko ena omwe kale anali ochuluka kwambiri."
Matenda a Maganizo
Nthawi zambiri timamva kuti nkhani za thanzi labwino zimakula. Kodi izi ndi zoona? Malinga ndi ziwerengero zatsopano:
- "Pafupifupi ana asanu peresenti ya ana a zaka zapakati pa 4-17 adafotokozedwa ndi kholo kuti akhale ndi mavuto aakulu ndi maganizo, kusinkhasinkha, khalidwe, kapena kukhala ogwirizana ndi anthu ena," zomwe zasintha kuyambira 2001
- Chiwerengero cha achinyamata omwe ali ndi Epulo lalikulu (MDE) m'zaka zapitazi chinawonjezeka kuchoka pa 9% mwa 2004 kufika pa 11 peresenti mu 2013, komabe, "chiwerengero cha achinyamata omwe ali ndi MDE chaka chathachi amalandira chithandizo cha kuvutika maganizo, kuwona kapena kuyankhula kwa dokotala kapena katswiri wina wokhudza vuto lachisokonezo komanso / kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'chaka chapitacho, anachoka pa 40 peresenti mu 2004 kufika pa 38 peresenti mu 2013 "
- Chiwerengero cha ana a ADHD anawonjezeka kwambiri kuyambira 1997, kuchokera pa 7,8 peresenti mu 2003 kufika pa 11 peresenti mu 2011, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha ana omwe akumwa mankhwala a ADHD ndi otsika kwambiri, ndipo chiwonjezeka kuchokera pa 4,8 peresenti mu 2007 kufika pa 6.1 peresenti mu 2011
- Kuchokera m'zaka zaposachedwapa mu 1994, chiwerengero cha kudzipha pakati pa anyamata ndi anyamata akuluakulu chikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku zochepa zawo mu 2001 (akazi) ndi 2007 (amuna)
Autism
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa autism kwawonjezeka kwambiri ku US, kuchokera kwa ana a 150 (2000) kufika pa 1 pa 68 (2010), akatswiri sakuganiza kuti ndi chifukwa chakuti pali ana ambiri ovomerezeka kapena kuti pali mliri wa autism. M'malo mwake, akatswiri amaganiza kuti "umboni wochuluka umasonyeza kuti kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kuposa matenda." Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, chiwerengero cha autism chiwerengero cha ma CD2 chija chinali chimodzimodzi ndi nthawi yoyamba - 1 pa 68.
Khansa ya ana
Mungaganize kuti khansa ikuwonjezeka mosavuta pamene mukuwerenga za "poizoni wothandizira khansa" pa intaneti zina.
Mwamwayi, chiŵerengero cha khansa chakhala chikuchepa kwa khansa zazikulu zambiri mwa akuluakulu, kuphatikizapo prostate, mapapo, mabala, ndi khansa ya ubongo pakati pa amuna, ndi khansa yoyera, ovary, khansa ya pakati pa akazi.
Mofananamo, kwa ana, komanso kwa ana ambiri khansa, ziwerengero zimasonyeza:
- Kuthetsa chiwerengero cha imfa
- Mtengo wokhazikika wa khansa yonse kuyambira 2001
Ndipo mwatsoka, khansara yaunyamata ili pafupi ndi 80 peresenti ya zaka zisanu zomwe zikupulumuka.
Matenda a shuga
Ngakhale mukuyembekeza kuti matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 akuwonjezeka ndi kukula kwa ubwana wambiri kwa zaka zambiri, palinso kuwonjezeka kodabwitsa kwa mtundu wa shuga wa mtundu wa 1.
Kuchokera m'chaka cha 2001 mpaka 2009, chiwerengero cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 chinakula kuchokera pa 1.48 pa 1000 kufika 1.93 pa 1000. Chikhalidwe cha padziko lonse, chomwe chimawonjezeka kwambiri ku Finland, sichikudziwika.
Matenda Odzidzimutsa
Kuphatikiza pa zikhalidwe monga lupus ndi matenda a celiac, pali nkhawa kuti gulu lonse la mavuto tsopano likuchitika - matenda omwe amadzipangitsa okhawo omwe amachititsa kuti azikhala ndi matendawa (ASIA).
Kodi ASIA n'chiyani? Ndi matenda osamvetsetseka omwe amafuna kuti azidziteteza kuti katemera akhale chifukwa cha matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azidwala. Komabe, akatswiri "sakhulupirira kuti ndizovomerezeka."
Bwanji nanga za matenda enieni enieni?
- Matenda a Celiac - ngakhale kuti chidziwitso chowonjezeka chachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha matenda a leliac awonjezeke, anaganiza kuti "chidziwitso chodziwika bwino cha matenda opatsirana pogonana ndichokuwonjezeka kwenikweni padziko lonse lapansi,
- Mtundu wa shuga 1 - kukula monga momwe taonera pamwambapa
- Lupus (SLE)
- Achinyamata dermatomyositis
- Scleroderma
- Matenda a nyamakazi a achinyamata (JIA)
Kulephera kwa maphunziro a dziko la chiwerengero cha matenda ambiri, monga JIA ndi SLE, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa momwe zimakhalira, koma ndibwino kuganiza kuti zikuwonjezeka.
Ngakhale sitikudziwa chifukwa chake matenda a autoimmune akuchulukira, tikudziwa kuti ambiri amagwirizana kwambiri ndi maubwenzi. Zikuwonekeranso kuti zinthu zachilengedwe zingakhudze kwambiri chiwonjezero ichi.
Ngakhale kuti matendawa amawoneka kuti ndi omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azitha kutenga matendawa, katemera sali, kupatulapo nthawi zochepa chabe, monga kupanga ITP mutalandira katemera wa MMR. Kuchokera mu lingaliro lakuti mukhoza kukhala ndi matenda ambiri a matenda a shuga pambuyo pa kupatsirana kwa matenda a shuga a shuga pambuyo pa Hib kapena katemera wina, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti katemera sagwidwa ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda.
Kafukufuku akupitiriza kuchitika pofuna kuyang'ana chomwe chingachititse kuwonjezeka uku.
Chomwe Mukuyenera Kudziwa
Zinthu zina zoti mudziwe zokhudza thanzi la ana amakono ndi awa:
- Ngakhale kuti sizinasinthe kuyambira 2013, pa 78.8 zaka, chiwerengero cha moyo wa anthu a ku America chaka cha 2014 chawonjezeka kwambiri pazaka 20 zapitazo.
- Hospitalizations inali yosasintha kapena yosasinthika kwa ana ndi achinyamata kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2012 chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri.
- Ngakhale kuti ubwana wambiri unakula kwambiri pakapita zaka za m'ma 1980, anthu ambiri adzadabwa kudziwa kuti akhalabe okhazikika kuyambira 2003, ndipo adayamba kusiya ana omwe ali ndi sukulu.
- Malamulo a ana anali ochepera 7% mu 2010 kuposa momwe analili mu 2002.
- Mayi amene ali ndi pakati adakwera m'munsi mwa 2013, ngakhale kuti akadali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa mayiko ambiri otukuka.
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nthawi ya moyo ndi kuchepa kwa ana aang'ono, masiku ano ana amaoneka kuti ali ndi thanzi labwino kuposa kale lonse. Monga momwe matenda ena alili, ena ambiri ali pansi.
Chofunika kwambiri, "zizoloŵezi zoopsa" zomwe anthu ena amalemba zazowonjezereka.
Tsoka ilo, ana athu ali ndi mavuto akuluakulu omwe akukumana nawo, pakalipano tsopano komanso posachedwa, kuchokera ku mfuti komanso kusintha kwa nyengo kuopsa kwa matenda opatsirana .
Sitiyenera kulola nkhaŵa zaopangika ngati zoopsa, monga "poizoni" mu katemera, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda (kutuluka kwa matenda otetezedwa ndi katemera) zomwe zingatengere chuma kuti zisapange tsogolo labwino komanso labwino kwa ana athu.
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