Zambiri Zokhudza Thupi Lalikulu Kwambiri Pathupi
Khungu ndilo likulu lalikulu, ndipo ndilo limodzi la zovuta kwambiri. Ikusintha nthawi zonse, ndipo ili ndi maselo ndi zigawo zambiri zapadera. Ntchito yaikulu ya khungu ndiyo kutchinjiriza komwe kumagwirizana ndi malo ena oipa. Zimathandizanso kuteteza kutentha kwa thupi, kusonkhanitsa chidziwitso cha chidziwitso kuchokera ku malo oyandikana nawo, ndipo zimathandiza kwambiri kuteteza thupi ku matenda.
Kuphunzira momwe khungu limagwirira ntchito kumayamba ndi kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka katatu khungu: epidermis, dermis, ndi minofu yapansi.
The Epidermis
Epidermis ndi mbali yaikulu kwambiri ya zigawo zitatu za khungu. Kutalika kwake kumadalira kumene kuli pa thupi. Mwachitsanzo, ndi thinnest pamasikiti (theka la mamita). Ndizitali kwambiri pazanja za manja ndi miyendo ya mamita 1.5.
Pali magawo asanu a epidermis:
- Stratum basale: Mbali ya pansiyi, yomwe imadziwika kuti basal cell layer, ili ndi maselo ozungulira omwe amagawanika ndi kuponyera maselo akale pamwamba pa khungu. Pamene maselo amasuntha kudutsa pakhungu , amadzichepetsa ndikumwalira.
- Stratum spinosum: Mng'alu uwu, womwe umadziwikanso kuti squamous cell layer, ndi wosanjikiza kwambiri wa epidermis. Lili ndi keratinocyte yatsopano yomwe imalimbikitsa mapuloteni. Ilinso ndi maselo a Langerhans omwe amathandiza kupewa matenda.
- Stratum granulosum: Makinawa ali ndi keratinocytes ambiri omwe amayenda pamwamba.
- Stratum lucidum: Izi wosanjikiza lilipo pazanja za manja ndi phazi la mapazi.
- Stratum corneum: Ili ndilopansi kapena pamwamba pa epidermis. Zimapangidwa ndi akufa, ma keratinocytes omwe amatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Epidermis ili ndi maselo atatu apadera:
- Ma Melanocytes omwe amapanga pigment (melanin)
- Maselo a Langerhans omwe amakhala mzere woyamba wa chitetezo mu chitetezo cha mthupi la khungu
- Maselo a Merkel omwe ali ndi ntchito yomwe sanamvetsetse bwino
Chiphunzitso
Dermis ndi chigawo chapakati cha zigawo zitatu za khungu. Ili pakati pa epidermis ndi minofu yapansi. Lili ndi minofu yothandizira, magazi, ndi zotupa zamatumbo, mapeto a mitsempha, ndi tsitsi la tsitsi. Dermis imagawidwa m'magulu awiri-mapira a papillary, omwe ndi otsika, apamwamba kwambiri, ndi nsalu yochepetsetsa, yomwe ndi yakuda, yocheperapo. Kuchuluka kwake kwa dermis kumadalira malingana ndi malo ake m'thupi. Pamaso a maso, ndi olemera makilogalamu 0,6. Kumbuyo, manja a manja, ndi mapazi ake ndi mamita 3 akuda.
Dermis ndi nyumba zitatu zamatenda osiyanasiyana zomwe zilipo ponseponse:
- Collagen
- Matenda osakaniza
- Mitundu yowonjezera
Dermis ili ndi maselo angapo apadera ndi nyumba, kuphatikizapo:
- Mapuloteni a tsitsi
- Zosakaniza zosautsa
- Zolemba za Apocrine ndi endocrine
- Mitsempha ya magazi ndi mapeto a mitsempha
- Mitengo ya Meissner ndi ma lamallar omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lizikhudza komanso limakakamiza.
Mitundu Yogonjera
Minofu yothandizira ndizomwe zimakhala zozama kwambiri komanso zamkati mwa khungu. Ambiri amapangidwa ndi mafuta, othandizira minofu ndi mitsempha yambiri ya magazi ndi mitsempha.
Kutalika kwa mzerewu kumasiyanasiyana malingana ndi kumene kuli pa thupi - mwachitsanzo, ndikutsika kwambiri pa matako, mapazi, ndi manja a manja.
Mankhwala osakaniza ndi ofunika kwambiri pa thupi la kutentha kwa thupi. Imakhalanso ngati khosi, kotero ngati mumagwa kapena kugunda chinachake ndi thupi lanu, limateteza insides ndipo zimapweteka zovulaza .
> Chitsime:
> Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Mabala a Robbins ndi Cotran Pathologic Mavuto a Matenda . Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2015.