Dermis ndi gawo lachiwiri ndi laling'ono kwambiri la zigawo zitatu zazikulu za khungu , zomwe ziri pakati pa epidermis ndi subcutaneous tissues , zomwe zimatchedwanso subcutis ndi hypodermis.
Ngakhale kuti nthawi ina tinkawona khungu ngati njira yodzitetezera ku zinthu zakuthupi, tikuphunzira kuti zigawo za khungu ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zofunika.
Kuchokera ku goosebum ndi kukonzera pansi pa sauna kuti kulola ubongo wanu kudziwe dzanja lanu kuli pazitsulo, tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za momwe chingwechi chimapangidwira ndi zomwe zimachita.
Anatomy ndi Structure
Dermis ili ndi zigawo ziwiri: gawo lochepa, lopamwamba lomwe limadziwika ngati mapira a papillary , ndi tinthu tambirimbiri tomwe timadziwika kuti reticular dermis . Uphungu wake umasiyana malinga ndi malo a khungu. Mwachitsanzo, nthendazi zimakhala zazikulu mamita 0,6; kumbuyo, manja ndi mapazi omwe ndi mamita 3 akuda.
Nthendayi imakhala ndi madzi ambiri ndipo imakhala ndi maudindo ofunika kutentha komanso kupereka magazi ku matenda. Makhalidwe omwe amapezeka m'matumbowa ndi awa:
- Matenda othandizira - Makamaka collagen ndi elastin
- Magazi a m'magazi (mitsempha yaing'ono kwambiri ya mitsempha) ndi ziwiya zina zing'onozing'ono
- Zitsulo zamakono
- Zozizira zamoto
- Zosakaniza zosautsa (mafuta onunkhira a mafuta) - Amadziwika bwino kwambiri chifukwa chotsitsidwa ndi kuchititsa mitsempha yoyera yofiira, nyongolotsi za sebaceous zimathandiza kwambiri kuteteza thupi
- Mapeto a mitsempha
- Mapuloso a tsitsi - Thupi liri ndi mitundu yofiira pafupifupi 2 miliyoni
Maonekedwe a minofu
Dermis imapangidwa ndi mitundu itatu ya ziphuphu zomwe ziripo muzitsamba, osati m'magawo:
- Collagen
- Matenda osakaniza
- Mitundu yowonjezera
Mapulogalamu a papillary, omwe ali pamwamba, amakhala ndi magawo ochepa a collagen fibers.
Mzere wotsika, womwe umakhala wosanjikiza ndi wambiri ndipo umapangidwa ndi timitengo tambiri tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito khungu.
Ntchito Zomwe Zimasewera
Dermis ndi mthunzi wambiri wa khungu ndipo mosakayikira ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Imakhala ndi maudindo angapo ofunika, kuphatikizapo:
- Kupanga thukuta ndi kuyendetsa kutentha kwa thupi. M'kati mwa ziwalozi ndizo zimatulutsa thukuta zomwe zimatulutsa thukuta zomwe zimachokera ku pores. Thupi limalumphira ngati njira yodzizizira yokha, yongolerani kutentha ndi kuchotsa kunja poizoni. Pali zilonda zopitirira 2 miliyoni mthupi, ndipo pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana: apocrine ndi eccrine. Zilonda za thukuta zapatuko zimapezeka m'magulu opweteka kwambiri a thupi, kuphatikizapo ziphuphu, scalp ndi chiberekero. Matenda a thukuta, omwe amayamba kugwira ntchito m'zaka zaunyamata, amasungira zinthu zawo m'matumbo a tsitsi. Thuku lomwe liri losungidwa liri kwenikweni lopanda poyamba; imayamba kununkhiza mukakumana ndi mabakiteriya a khungu. Zojambulazo zimatuluka m'thupi lonselo: pazanja, pamapazi, pamphuno ndi pamphumi. Zilondazi zimatulutsa zinthu zawo kumtunda.
- Kupanga mafuta. Zilonda za sebaceous zimapanga sebum kapena mafuta. Sebum imateteza kukula kwa bakiteriya pakhungu komanso mmene tsitsi ndi khungu limakhalira. Ngati follicle yomwe zimakhala zofiira zimakhala zotsekedwa ndi maselo owonjezera a mafuta kapena a khungu, chimango chimakula.
- Kukula tsitsi. Mapuloteni a tsitsi amapezeka m'matumbo. Mizu yonse ya follicle imagwirizanitsidwa ndi minofu ing'onoing'ono, yotchedwa arrector pili minofu, yomwe imagwira ntchito pamene thupi limakhala lozizira kapena lowopsya, lomwe limayambitsa mazira.
- Kumverera. Dermis ili ndi mapeto a mitsempha yomwe imatumiza chizindikiro ku ubongo momwe zinthu zimamvera: ngati chinachake chimapweteka, chimapweteka, kapena chimakhala chabwino.
- Kupatsa magazi. Mitsuko yamagazi imapezeka m'matumbo, omwe amadyetsa khungu, amachotsa poizoni. ndi kupereka epidermis ndi magazi.
- Kuteteza thupi lonse. Dermis ili ndi phagocytes , zomwe ndi maselo omwe amawononga poizoni ndi zowononga, kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya. Dermis imateteza kale thupi, koma phagocytes zimapereka chitetezo choonjezera cha china chilichonse choyipa chimene chaloĊµa mu epidermis.
- Kupereka khungu lachikopa kuti likhale ndi mawonekedwe ake - Uchembewu umapangitsa kuti khungu lizikhala mofanana ndi maziko a nyumba.
Kuyanjana ndi Epidermis
Mosiyana ndi malingaliro akale omwe amawona kuti khungu limangokhala cholepheretsa kunja kwa dziko lapansi, osati kokha kuti mbolayi imakhala ndi ntchito zovuta, koma nthiti ndi epidermis zimagwirizana nthawi zonse ndi kuyankhulana komwe kumayambitsa zofunikira za thupi.
Maselo mu epidermis amachititsa chizungu, ndipo kenako, (kudzera m'magulu monga maselo omwe amatulutsa cytokines) amachititsa kusintha kwa maselo mu epidermis. Ndimagwirizano a magawo awiri omwe ali, makamaka, osokonezeka muzinthu zina monga psoriasis .
Kukalamba
Poganizira za kapangidwe kake ndi khungu ka khungu iwe ukhoza kudzifunsa chomwe chimachititsa kuti khungu lifike-chomwe chimayambitsa kukwinya. Pali kusintha kofunika kambiri pakhungu lathu ndi ukalamba m'zigawo zonse zitatu za khungu lathu pamene tikukalamba.
Dermal layer imakhala yochepetseka ndi zaka komanso zochepa za collageni zimapangidwa. Elastin imatha kuvala zochepa monga momwe zotupa zotchinga mu nsalu ziwiri zimasokonezeka. Izi ndizo zomwe zimabweretsa makwinya ndi kugwedeza.
Zilonda za sebaceous zimapanga sebum zocheperapo pamene matenda a thukuta amachititsa thukuta pang'ono, zonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu likhale louma kwambiri.
Mbali kapena kuchuluka kwa kukhudzana pakati pa dermis ndi epidermis kumachepetsanso. Izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi ocheperapo asapangidwe kuchokera ku dermis kupita ku epidermis ndi zakudya zochepa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale kunja kwa khungu. Izi zimapangitsa khungu kukhala losalimba kwambiri.
Mimba
Monga momwe kukula kosazolowereka kwa epidermis kumapangitsa kuti khansa yonse yowonongeka, zilonda zingabwere kuchokera pakhungu la khungu. Mtundu umodzi wa chotupa chomwe chimayambira pachimake chimatchedwa dermatofibroma (kapena benign fibrous hertiocytoma.) Matendawa omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamilingo ya amayi achikulire. Sikudziwika chomwe chimayambitsa zotupazi, koma zimapezeka nthawi zambiri zotsatila.
Chitetezo
Monga momwe ndikofunikira kutetezera epidermis yanu ku dzuwa kwambiri, ndikofunika kutetezeranso zizindikiro zanu. Kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa kumawononga collagen (ndipo kumayambitsa kusintha kwa elastin) komwe kungabweretse makwinya asanakwane.
Zotsatira:
Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster, ndi James A. Perkins. Mabala a Robbins ndi Cotran Pathologic Mavuto a Matenda. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier / Saunders, 2015. Print.