Tiyeni tisakhale mwana wathumwini; makwinya sangapeweke. Ngakhale zambiri zomwe timawapeza zimakhudzana ndi zotsatira zosalephereka za ukalamba, palinso zinthu zina zomwe simungathe kuziganizira.
Kuti timvetse bwino momwe timakalamba komanso zomwe zimayambitsa makwinya, zimatithandiza kumvetsa bwino momwe thupi lathu limakhalira.
Makhalidwe a Khungu ndi Anatomy
Khungu la anthu limapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo zosiyana:
- Epidermis ndi khungu lakunja la khungu lomwe limakhala ngati chotchinga kwa zinthu zakunja. M'kati mwake, maselo atsopano akukula mosalekeza ndikusuntha maselo achikulire pafupi, pomwe adzatsanulidwa. Ngati izi zakhala zachilendo, khungu limatha kuoneka ngati losalala.
- Khungu lachiwiri la khungu ndi mbola . Lili ndi ziwalo zomangira za khungu, kuphatikizapo zida zogwiritsira ntchito. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Collagen imapereka khungu mphamvu zake ndi zowonongeka, pamene mapuloteni otchedwa glycosaminoglycans amapereka zowonongeka mwamphamvu ndipo elastin imapangitsa kusintha ndi kutsika.
- Mitsempha ya m'mimba imakhala pakati pa dermis ndi epidermis. Mapangidwe ofunikira awa amapanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi aang'ono, otchedwa rete ridges, omwe amachulukitsa malo a epidermis omwe amawoneka mitsempha ya mitsempha, kuti amve bwino zakudya zofunikira.
- Chikopa cha khungu ndi minofu yapansi , yomwe makamaka imakhala ndi maselo omwe amachititsa thupi kukhala ndi thupi komanso kupanga khungu kuwoneka ngati lamaluwa. Ilinso ndi mitsempha yathu yowonongeka, zojambula thukuta, ndi tsitsi lopaka tsitsi .
Manyowa ndi zizindikiro zina za ukalamba zimayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa thupi lathu, komanso zifukwa zambiri zomwe tingathe kuzilamulira ndi zina zomwe sitingakwanitse.
Zina mwa zifukwa zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zimayambitsa ukalamba:
Kukalamba kwa nthawi
Monga munthu wa zaka, maselo a epidermal amakhala ochepa thupi komanso osakanikirana, zomwe zimachititsa kuti khungu liwoneke bwino. Kulephera kukakamizika kumalepheretsanso kuti khungu likhale lopewera, kutulutsa chinyezi mmalo mwa kusungidwa khungu. Izi zimayambitsa kuyanika. Sikuti nambala ya maselo a epidermal imachepa ndi 10 peresenti pa khumi , imagawanika pang'onopang'ono pamene tikukalamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti khungu lisathe kudzikongoletsa mwamsanga.
Zotsatira za ukalamba pazitsamba zamadzi ndizofunikira. Zomwezi zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, koma collagen yochepa imapangidwa ndipo elastin imatha. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangidwe khungu, kukupangitsa kumira ndi kugwa. Pakalipano, zofiira zamtunduwu zimakula kwambiri koma zimatulutsa sebum zocheperapo pamene chiwerengero cha minofu ya thukuta imachepetsanso. Zonsezi zimapangitsa khungu louma.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, zigawo za m'mimba zimayamba kugwedezeka, zimapangitsa khungu kukhala losalimba komanso losalala. Njirayi imachepetsanso kupezeka kwa zakudya m'thupi, ndipo zimasokoneza makonzedwe a khungu.
Kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa
Kuonekera kwa mazira a UV ndi UVB ochokera ku dzuwa kumaphatikizapo 90 peresenti ya zizindikiro za ukalamba msanga.
Zotsatira zambiri za kujambula zithunzi , kuphatikizapo makwinya ndi madontho a mdima, zimachitika ali ndi zaka 20. Kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa kumatulutsa khungu kumatsimikiziridwa ndi nthawi ya moyo wa munthu aliyense kuwonetsetsa kwa dzuwa, komanso mtundu wake wa pigment.
Kuchulukitsidwa kwa dzuwa kumakhudza magulu a khungu m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- Epidermis imakhala yopyapyala komanso zilonda za khungu, monga actinic keratoses , basal cell carcinoma , ndi squamous cell carcinoma , zimayamba kupanga.
- Mu dermis, dzuŵa limatha kuwononga collagen fibres mofulumira kuposa momwe kawirikawiri elastin imayambira pang'onopang'ono. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumayambitsa michere yotchedwa metalloproteinases kuti ipangidwe mochuluka. Metalloproteinases amawongolera khungu mwa kupanga collagen, koma kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa kumapangitsa kuti asamagwire bwino ntchito komanso kugwa collagen. Izi zimayambitsa mapangidwe a collagen fibers omwe amadziwika kuti zilonda za dzuwa. Monga khungu limabwereza mobwerezabwereza ndondomeko yokonzanso yopanda ungwiro, makwinya amayamba.
Omasula Aulere
Ma radicals omasuka ndi mamolekyu osakhazikika a oksijeni omwe ali ndi electroni imodzi yokha mmalo mwa awiri. Chifukwa ma electron amapezeka awiriawiri, moleculeyo iyenera kumanga mamolekyu ena kwa electron ina. Pamene kamolekyu yachiwiri imataya makompyuta ake ku kamolekyu yoyamba, iyenera kupeza electron ina, kubwereza zomwezo mobwerezabwereza.
Njirayi ingasokoneze selo ntchito ndikusintha ma genetic a selo. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumayambitsa makwinya pogwiritsa ntchito metalloproteinases zomwe zimaphwanya collagen, zomwe zimangowonjezereka ngakhale ngakhale pang'ono, kutentha , kapena kutayika kwa mpweya.
Kusintha kwa mahomoni
Zikutheka kuti zotsatira zamadzimadzi zokhudzana ndi kusamba kwa thupi komanso kuchepa kwa isrojeni zimayambitsa ukalamba. Komabe, kafukufuku sanapezebe kuti kusintha kwa khungu kumakhala kotani kuti kuchepa kwa estrogen kapena kuti khungu limasintha ndi chifukwa cha dzuwa kapena nthawi yokalamba. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kafukufuku wa zinyama asonyeza kuti kusowa kwa estrogen kungayambitse kuchepa kwa magawo awiri pa chaka, komanso kuchepa kwa khungu limodzi pa chaka.
Gwiritsani Ntchito Minofu
Izo si nkhani zakale za akazi. Chizoloŵezi cha nkhope cha chizoloŵezi chingayambitse khungu pamene chimatayika. Mzere wofiira pakati pa nsidze ndi mapazi a khwangwala akutuluka kuchokera m'makona a maso athu amakula ngati minofu ing'onoing'ono m'madera amenewo ikugwirizanitsa kosatha.
Mphamvu
Zotsatira za mphamvu yokoka zimachititsa kuti khungu limamasulidwe kwambiri pamene likuwoneka bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta zowonongeka. Izi zimayambitsa majoka ndi maso omwe timakumana nawo pokalamba.