Mfundo Zovuta Zokhudza Kupha Kwambiri Kwa Khansa Yapakhungu
Chilonda cha khansa ndi khansa yapakhungu yoopsa. Amapezeka kafupipafupi kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya malungo koma amatha kufalitsa (metastasize) mofulumira kwambiri. Mankhwalawa amayamba pa khungu koma amatha kufalikira kumbali zina za thupi kuphatikizapo zipilala ndi zitsulo, komanso pa diso.
Zoopsa za Melanoma
Ngakhale kuti palibe amene amadziwa kuti njira zowonongeka zimayambitsa melanoma, tikudziwa kuti pali zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
Zinthu zofunika ndizo:
- Kutsekeka kosatetezedwa ku ultraviolet (UV) kutentha kwa dzuwa kuchokera ku zachilengedwe kapena zojambula, kuphatikizapo mabedi a kasupe ndi nyali za dzuwa
- kukhala ndi khungu lokongola komanso / kapena tsitsi lofiira
- mbiri ya banja ya khansa ya khansa
- kukhala ndi moles ambiri (oposa 50)
- okalamba
- kukhala wamwamuna
- kukhala ndi phokoso lambiri kapena kumapanga msangamsanga mosavuta
- mbiri ya dzuwa kapena dzuwa
Ndikunenedwa kuti, khansa ya khansa imatha kukhala anthu omwe alibe makhalidwe amenewa, kuphatikizapo achinyamata komanso anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda.
Zizindikiro za Melanoma
Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a mole ndilo chizindikiro choyamba cha khansa yotchedwa melanoma ndipo iyenera kuonedwa ngati mbendera yofiira mosasamala kukula kapena malo. Kuphunzira kusiyanitsa pakati pa mole wamba ndi chinthu chosachiritsika kungakuthandizeni kuzindikira kusintha kulikonse musanakhale vuto lalikulu.
Pachifukwa ichi, timagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa ABCDE Rule of melanoma , njira yomwe ingathandize munthu kuzindikira pakati pa zinthu zachibadwa ndi zomwe siziri.
Sitiyenera kuziona ngati njira yodziwiratu - dokotala yekha ndi amene angachite zimenezo - koma m'malo mwake ndi chizindikiro chochenjeza kuchipatala mwamsanga.
Bungwe la ABCDE Rule limaonetsa makhalidwe omwe mumayesa moleza mtima:
- Asymmetry - Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala yosiyana kwambiri. Ngati mutayang'ana mzere kudutsa malo omwe mumakhala nawo, mungakhale ndi magawo awiri ofanana. Pankhani ya khansa ya khungu, mawanga sangayang'ane mofanana kumbali zonsezo.
- Mzere - Mulu kapena malo owala ndi / kapena kumbali ya m'mphepete angakambirane.
- Mtundu - Mulu umene uli ndi mitundu yoposa imodzi, mtundu, kapena mthunzi (kuphatikizapo kuunika kapena kumdima kwa mole) iyeneranso kuonedwa ngati wokayikira. Mosiyanasiyana, molingana, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wokha.
- Diameter: Ngati mole ili yaikulu kuposa penipeni penipeni (1/4 inchi kapena 6 mm), iyenera kuwonetsa kufunikira kosamalidwa kwa akatswiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo timadontho tomwe timakhala ndi zosaoneka zina.
- Chisinthiko: Izi zikutanthauza kusintha kwa ma moles omwe alipo, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa kukula, chiyero, malire, kapena mtundu.
Kumbukirani kuti mole sichiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse za ABCDE kuti zikhale zovuta. Ngakhale chinthu chimodzi chosavomerezeka chiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kafukufuku wam'tsogolo akudziwikiratu, makamaka dermatologist.
Kusanthula kwa Melanoma
Kuzindikira khansara ya khungu kumayambira ndi kafukufuku wa khungu ndi dermatologist yokhala ndi chilolezo. Ngati mukuganiza kuti khansara imaganiziridwa, khungu lachikopa likadzachitidwa kuti liyambe kufufuza kwakukulu kwa maselo okhudzidwawo. Izi zikhoza kuchitika m'njira zingapo ndipo, malinga ndi kukula ndi malo, zingathe kuchitidwa ku ofesi ya dokotala ndi kuchepetsa thupi.
Ngati zotsatira za biopsy zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa khansa ya khansa, ziyeso zina zidzachitika kuti adziwe ngati matendawa afalikira bwanji.
Mayesowa angaphatikizepo chifuwa cha X-rays, mayeso a chiwindi , ndi mayesero ena kuti aone ngati pali umboni uliwonse wa khansara muzinthu zina.
Kuchiza kwa Melanoma
Pakalipano pali njira zinayi zothandizira khansa ya khansa: opaleshoni, chemotherapy, mankhwala a radiation, ndi immunotherapy. Kuchiza kumadalira makamaka momwe khansa yafalikira kutali, komanso msinkhu komanso thanzi la munthu yemwe wodwalayo.
Kwa omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha khansa ya khansa yapamwamba, opaleshoni yochotsa ululu (pamodzi ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) chingakhale chofunikira. Ndondomekoyi ikhonza kuphatikizapo chiopsezo cha minofu yoyandikana nayo kuti atsimikizire kuti kansa sinafalikira.
Ngati matendawa apita patsogolo, chemotherapy ndi immunotherapy zingakhale zofunikira, panthawi ya chithandizo chachikulu makamaka pa siteji ya matendawa. Mankhwala othandizira ma ARV angagwiritsidwe ntchito pakusankha.
Kupewa Melanoma
Khansara ya khungu ingakhale mtundu wochuluka wa khansara, koma imakhalanso yotetezeka kwambiri . Njira yoyamba yothetsera khansara ya khungu - ndipo mosakayikira chofunika kwambiri - ndipewe kuwala kwa UV.
Titha kuchita izi motere:
- Kuvala mawotchi a dzuwa kumakhalabe imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri popewera khansa yapakhungu, makamaka ngati mumakhala nthawi yambiri kunja. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti asankhe khungu la dzuwa lomwe liri ndi SPF 15 kapena kuposa. Musaiwale kuti mugwiritsenso ntchito maola awiri alionse, mutasambira, ndipo ngati mutasanduka thukuta.
- Kupewa masana dzuwa pakati pa 10:00 am mpaka 4:00 pm kumakutetezani pamene dzuŵa likuwala kwambiri.
- Kuvala zovala zoteteza , monga chipewa ndi nsonga ndi manja athunthu zimapereka chitetezo chowonjezera pamene mukuyenera kukhala ndi dzuwa lonse. Maso amatha kuwonongeka kotero onetsetsani kuvala magalasi omwe amapereka chitetezo chokwanira cha UV.
- Kukhala mumthunzi sikungokupangitsani kukhala kozizira, kungachepetse chiopsezo chanu chowopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale zili choncho, ndi bwino kuvala kuwala kwa dzuwa ngati kuwala kwa dzuwa kungakhale kovulaza ngati dzuwa.
- Kupewa kuyisitsa mabedi ndikoyenera . Kukonzekera kwa dzuwa sikungakhale koopsa kwambiri kusiyana ndi chilengedwe. Ndipotu, kafukufuku ambiri amasonyeza kuti mabedi oyambitsa khungu amawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya khansa chifukwa cha chidwi chawo komanso kusowa kwa dzuwa pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Mawu Ochokera
Melanoma ndi mawu owopsa, ndipo ayenera kukhala. Iyo imakula mofulumira ndipo imayambitsa imfa zambiri kuposa mtundu wina uliwonse wa khansara ya khungu. Koma ndi chimodzimodzi mwa mankhwala ochiritsidwa kwambiri, omwe ali ndi mapambidwe apamwamba ngati atayang'ana kale.
Monga ndi mtundu wonse wa khansa, kupewa ndikofunika. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi mazira ena a dzuwa, ndikuphimba ndi zowononga ngati momwe zingathere.
Pomaliza, ngati mutapeza mole wodandaula kapena ayi pa khungu lanu, musanyalanyaze. Yang'anani mwamsanga mwamsanga ndi dermatologist woyenera. Musalole kuti vuto laling'ono likhale loopsya.
> Chitsime
- > Markovik, S .; Erickson, S .; Rao, R .; et al. "Melanoma ya Malignant m'zaka za zana la 21, Gawo 1: Epidemiology, Zoopsa, Kuwunika, Kupewa, ndi Kuzindikira." Mayo Clinic Proceedings. March 2007; 82 (30): 364-380.