Mitundu Yabwino ya Khansara ya Khungu Musamvetse Chisomo Chawo
Akatswiri ambiri tsopano akuganiza kuti khansara ya khungu ndiyo mliri ku United States, ndipo anthu opitirira 1.3 million amapezeka chaka chilichonse ndikukwera. Mitundu itatu yowonjezera - basal cell , squamous cell , ndi melanoma - chifukwa cha khansa ya pakhungu yowonongeka , koma pali mitundu yambiri ya kansa ya khungu yosaoneka yomwe nthawi zambiri sichisamalira.
Nazi khansa zisanu zosadabwitsa zomwe zimachokera pakhungu kapena zimakhudza khungu mwachindunji:
T-cell Lymphoma
T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) ndi gulu la khansa limene limachokera ku mtundu wina wa maselo oyera omwe amatchedwa T-cell lymphocyte yomwe imakhala khansa ndipo imakhudza khungu. Ku United States, pali madera pafupifupi 1,500 atsopano a CTCL pachaka. Amuna ali ndi mwayi wambiri kuti amayi athe kukhudzidwa, ndipo ambiri amapezeka kuti ali ndi zaka 50.
Mitundu yambiri ya CTCL (mwachitsanzo, mycosis fungoides , mtundu wamba), zizindikiro zimayambira ndi maonekedwe ofiira, ofiira ofiira pa khungu; Anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lamdima, izi zingawoneke ngati zowala kwambiri kapena zamdima. Zingwezi ndizowopsya kwambiri, ndipo zikhoza kukhala zouma komanso zowopsya. Madera ena a khungu angakwezedwe ndi ovuta (otchedwa zipika). Pambuyo pake, zotupa zimatha. Zina za khungu zimakhala zowonjezereka ndipo zimawopsya, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a chemotherapy, immunotherapy (mwachitsanzo, interferon ), ndi mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, denileukin diftitox kapena Ontak) omwe tsopano akupezeka kuti athandize CTCL.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) ndi kawirikawiri, mtundu wansanje wa khansa yapakhungu yomwe imapangika kapena pansi pa khungu.
Pafupifupi 1,500 matenda atsopano a MCC amapezeka ku United States chaka chilichonse. Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi MCC ndi amodzi ndipo ali ndi zaka zoposa 50 (pafupifupi zaka 69).
Zilonda za MCC zimaoneka ngati zolimba, zopanda ululu mkati mwa khungu. Zili zofiira, zofiira, kapena buluu-violet, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'malo otukusira dzuwa monga mutu (makamaka kuzungulira diso ndi pazokopa), khosi, mikono, ndi miyendo.
Njira zochizira zimaphatikizapo opaleshoni, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi chemotherapy.
Kaposi Sarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) ndi khansara yomwe imachokera ku maselo omwe amayenda mitsempha kapena mitsempha ya mitsempha. KS imayambitsidwa ndi Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV). Matenda ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti KS ikhale ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamayambitsa matenda a Edzi, koma kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa matenda a Edzi ndikumeneko.
Maselo osadziwika a KS amapanga zofiirira, zofiira, kapena zofiirira kapena zikopa pakhungu. Nthawi zina, KS imachititsa kutupa kowawa, makamaka m'milingo, m'mimba, kapena khungu kumaso. KS ingayambitse mavuto aakulu, kapena kukhala ndi moyo pangozi pamene zilonda zili m'mapapu, chiwindi, kapena chimbudzi.
Kuchiza kwakhala kwakukulu kwambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi ndipo tsopano zikuphatikizapo HAART kuti athetse odwala Edzi ndi KS, komanso opaleshoni, kuchotsa opaleshoni, cryotherapy (kutentha ndi nayitrogeni), ndi chemotherapy.
Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma
Sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) ndi khansa yowopsya kwambiri, yoopsa yomwe imachokera kumatenda a mafuta pa khungu. Pafupifupi 75% amapezeka pambali pa diso, ndipo malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi maso, ngakhale kuti amapezeka kwinakwake pamutu kapena pamutu, pamtengo, kapena m'mimba. Sebaceous cell carcinomas nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwazimayi oposa zaka 70. SGC nthawi zambiri ikukula mofulumira ndipo imafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi m'mabuku amodzi mwa asanu.
Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo opaleshoni komanso mankhwala opatsirana.
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) ndi mtundu wosazolowereka wa chotupa chomwe chimayambira ngati chotupa cholimba, chimakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo sichitha kufalikira ku mbali zina za thupi.
Zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa chibadwa komwe kumabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa molekyulu yotchedwa platelet-derived growth factor. Ziphuphuzi nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'mimba (mkati mwa magawo awiri omwe amachititsa khungu) la miyendo kapena thunthu la thupi.
Njira zochizira zimaphatikizapo opaleshoni, mankhwala othandizira mazira , ndi mankhwala atsopano otchedwa imatinib (Gleevec). Komabe, DFSP kawirikawiri siidziwitsidwa kapena kupatsidwa mankhwala mosavuta, motero onetsetsani kupeza dokotala kapena katswiri wina wodziwa bwino kuchiza DFSP.
Kuwagwira Iwo Oyambirira
Kawirikawiri khungu lodziyesa khungu ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira khansa yapafupi ya khungu m'mayendedwe awo oyambirira, ochepetsetsa kwambiri. Ngati muwona zilonda zatsopano, zosintha, kapena zachilendo, kambiranani ndi dokotala mwamsanga.
Zotsatira:
American Cancer Society. (May 2016). Kodi Merkel Cell Carcinoma ndi chiyani?
Malangizo Okhudza Zipatala Zomwe Akugwiritsa Ntchito Oncology: Protimberans Dermatofibrosarcoma. " v.1.2009. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 1 May 2009.
"Mycosis Fungoides ndi Chithandizo cha Sezary Syndrome." American Cancer Society. 1 May 2009.
"Kodi Kaposi sarcoma ndi chiyani?" American Cancer Society. 1 May 2009.