Kupewa Kansalu Khungu ndi Kutulukira Kwambiri

Sizingatheke kuti tipewe khansa yapakhungu , koma pali zinthu zambiri zosavuta zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu, monga kutetezeka dzuwa, kusamala ndi mankhwala kuntchito, kuyesa madzi anu abwino, ndi kudya zakudya zabwino. Kuvala khungu la dzuwa ndi gawo limodzi lokha pa kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu, ndipo zotsatira za khansara ya khungu zakhala zikuwonjezeka kuyambira pamene zowunikira.

Nthawi imodzi yothandizira imakhala yochuluka peresenti ya mankhwala pa khansa ya khungu, komabe khansa imeneyi sizitetezedwa nthawi zonse. Khansara ya khungu imapezeka m'malo omwe thupi silinawonepo dzuwa, ndipo anthu ena ali ndi zifukwa zomwe zingawonongeke. Kuzindikira khansara ya khungu mwamsanga kungathe kumvetsetsa zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke, podziwa zoopsa zanu, kufufuza khungu lanu, ndikuyendera dokotala nthawi zonse ngati muli ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.

Kupewa Khansa ya Khungu (Kuchepetsa Vuto Lanu)

Monga taonera kale, sitingathe kupewa kansalu khungu nthawi zonse, koma pali zinthu zambiri-zina zomwe zimadziwika bwino komanso zina zomwe zimakudetsani-zomwe zingatheke kuchepetsa chiopsezo. Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu:

Khalani Otetezeka M'dzuwa

Anthu ambiri amamva kutetezedwa kwa dzuŵa ndikuganiza nthawi yomweyo ya dzuwa, koma pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kupatula kuvala chophimba cha dzuwa chomwe chingapangitse kusiyana. Sikuti kokha khungu la khansa ya khungu limakula chifukwa chakuti khungu la sunso linayamba kupezeka, koma ena a dermatologists tsopano akuvomereza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mphindi 10 kapena 15 padzuwa asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini D.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, tilibe umboni uliwonse wosonyeza kuti khungu la dzuwa limachepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya khansa yomwe imayambitsa matenda ambiri. Njira zinanso zothandizira kuchepetsa chiwonongeko chanu ndi izi:

• Kupewa dzuwa lamkatikati mwa tsiku (mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa nthawi kunja kwa 11 AM ndi 2 PM, ngakhale akatswiri ena a dermatologists amati kupewera dzuwa kuyambira 10 AM mpaka 4 PM).

• Kuphimba ndi zovala zoteteza. Nsalu zovekedwa bwino ndizosavuta kusiyana ndi nsalu zomangidwa bwino. Zovala zamdima zimateteza kwambiri kuposa kuwala. Ndipo zovala zowuma zimagwira ntchito kuposa mvuu. Panopa pali zovala zomwe zimapereka chitetezo cha UV.
• Kuvala chipewa chachikulu kuti muteteze nkhope yanu ndi khungu, ndi magalasi okhala ndi magalasi kuti muteteze maso anu ndi maso awo.
• Kukhala pansi mumthunzi ndi / kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ambulera.
• Kukumbukira kuti mutha kuwotchera dzuwa ngati ndi mitambo, ndipo zowonongeka kuchokera ku madzi, chipale chofewa, kapena mchenga wamchenga zingapangitse ngozi yanu yotentha.
• Kutsika kwathunthu kanyumba kofufuta.

Sankhani Zojambula Zogwiritsa Ntchito

Sikuti mitundu yonse ya dzuwa yomwe ili pamsika ndi yofanana, ndipo zinthu zomwe zilipo zimapereka chitetezo chosiyanasiyana. M'zaka zaposachedwa taphunzira kuti mazira a UVB ndi UVVA ochokera ku dzuwa angayambitse khungu lomwe lingayambitse khansa ya khungu. Kuchokera mu 2011, magetsi otchedwa sunscreens omwe amati ndi "ophwanyika" ayenera kupereka chitetezo cha UVA, koma mlingo wa chitetezo ndi kutalika kumene kufalikira kumatha kumasiyana kwambiri. Tengani nthawi kuti mudziwe za zothandizira zomwe zimapereka chitetezo cha UVA ndikuwerenga malemba pakusankha mankhwala. Bungwe la Environmental Working Group la Sunscreen Guide limapereka chithandizo chothandizira kusankha chogulitsidwa, kuyang'ana pazinthu zina monga chiopsezo cha zomwe zimachitika ndi zina zambiri.

Kudya Zakudya Zathanzi (Phytochemicals)

Pakhala pali maphunziro ochuluka m'zaka zaposachedwa akuyang'ana "kuthekera kwa mankhwala a phytochemicals," zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri mu zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansara ya khungu, ndipo ambiri mwa iwo akulonjeza. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, zikuwoneka kuti-pang'onopang'ono-tingathe "kudya" khungu lathu la dzuwa. Ngakhale sayansi ndi yachinyamata, zakudya zambiri zomwe zaphunziridwa ndi mbali ya zakudya zonse zomwe zimadetsa zakudya zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda ambiri, osati kansalu khungu chabe.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2018 ku International Journal of Molecular Sciences , mankhwalawa amathandiza kwambiri pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi khansa ya khungu yotchedwa melanoma ndi khansa ya khungu chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zowononga, komanso zabwino kwambiri, zilipo, Ganizirani: Kudya chakudya chabwino), ndi mtengo wapatali.

Zina zomwe zimapanga zowonjezera zomwe zasonyeza malonjezo kuti kuchepetsa chiwindi cha khansa ya khansa ndizo:

• Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (yomwe imapezeka mu tiyi yobiriwira).
• Resveratrol (yomwe imapezeka tomato komanso makamaka tomato sauces).
• Curcumin (chigawo cha turmeric chomwe chimapezeka muzakudya za curry ndi mpiru).
• Capsaicin (yomwe imapezeka mu tsabola wofiira ndi tsabola).
• Genistein (yomwe imapezeka mu nkhuku (nyemba za garbanzo) ndi mankhwala ambiri a soya).
• Indole-3-carbinol (yomwe imapezeka m'mitengo yotchedwa broccoli, kolifulawa, ndi kabichi).
• Fisetin (yomwe imapezekanso m'matumbo, strawberries, kiwi, mangoes, ndi zina zambiri).
• Proanthocyanidins (omwe amapezeka m'mitengo yambiri, zokopa, pistachios, ndi kuphika chokoleti).
• Silymarin (wopezeka mu artichokes).
• Luteolin (yomwe imapezeka mu zonunkhira monga oregano, sage, thyme, ndi mbewu ya udzu winawake).
• Apigenin (yomwe imapezeka mu parsley, anyezi, tiyi ya chamomile, ndi udzu wa tirigu).

Ntchito Mwachangu ndi Zakudya

Pali mankhwala ambiri ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingapangitse ngozi ya khansa yapakhungu, monga malasha, phula, ndi arsenic.

Choyamba ndicho kudziwa mankhwala omwe mukugwira nawo kunyumba kapena kuntchito. Werengani malemba ndipo tsatirani njira zodzitchinjiriza. Olemba ntchito akuyenera kupereka Zolemba Zopezera Zakudya Zolemba pa mankhwala alionse omwe mungakhale nawo nawo pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito yanu.

Kuvala magolovesi ndikofunika, kaya ndizovomerezeka pa lemba. Khungu lathu silolepheretsa kutulutsa zinthu, ndipo khungu lathu lingathe kukhala ndi khansa kapena kulola kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyambe kulowa m'matupi athu. Ndipotu, vuto loyamba la khansa lotchedwa chilengedwe ndi la khansa zowopsya (mwinamwake squamous cell carcinomas a khungu la scrotum) zowononga chimbudzi, zomwe zinapangidwa chifukwa chokhala ndi phula pa ntchito (yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa ndi zovala pansi pano ).

Yesani Madzi Anu

Mosiyana ndi machitidwe a madzi a municipalities, madzi ochokera ku zitsime zapadera samayesedwa kuyesedwa, ndipo akhoza kuipitsidwa ndi arsenic. Izi zati, asayansi akuganiza kuti kachilombo ka arsenic kamene kanali kolekerera kale m'madzi a anthu chifukwa cha kufufuza mu 2015; imodzi yomwe imasonyeza kuti arsenic mu madzi akumwa ikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi khansara ya khungu ngakhale pamene magulu akugwera muzovomerezeka.

Mukhale ndi mlingo wa Vitamin D Wanu

Pamene tiganizira za khansa ya khungu, lingaliro lathu loyamba lingakhale kupeŵa dzuwa kwathunthu. Komabe izi si zokwanira pa zifukwa ziwiri. Khansara ya khungu imatha ndipo imakula m'madera osadziwika ndi dzuwa a thupi nthawi zina. Ndipo kachiwiri, kupeŵa dzuwa kwathunthu kungayambitse kufooka kwa vitamini D. (Mwatsoka, kutseka kwa dzuwa sikukutentha kokha mazira koma kumateteza kupanga ma vitamini D komanso.) Kulephera kwa vitamini D, sikugwirizananso ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya khungu, koma ena ambiri khansa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, musaponyedwe mwanayo pamodzi ndi madzi osambira.

Zingakhale zovuta kupeza vitamini D okwanira m'madyerero athu, ndipo mbiriyakale, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dzuŵa kwakhala njira yeniyeni yopezera vitamini D yofunika (mavitamini D amapangidwa pakhungu pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati mahomoni m'thupi kuposa vitamini). Mwamwayi, mayeso ochepa a magazi angakuuzeni ngati msinkhu wanu ndi wachilendo kapena ayi (ambiri a ku America ali osowa), ndipo dokotala wanu akhoza kukuuzani za njira zowonjezera msinkhu wanu ngati uli wotsika kwambiri. Monga malemba owonjezera, onetsetsani kuti mufunse nambala yomwe ikugwirizana ndi mlingo wanu wa vitamini D mukamayesa. Vitamini D wambiri pa Mayo Clinic ku Minnesota ndi 30 mpaka 80, koma ochita kafukufuku ena amawona kuti makumi asanu ndi awiri kapena kuposerapo ndi abwino kuti athetse khansa. Monga cholembera chomaliza, ndibwino kuti mutenge nthawi. Ngati mumapeza vitamini D wochulukirapo m'thupi, imodzi mwa zotsatira zake ndizopweteka kwambiri za impso.

Pezani Chithandizo cha Zilonda Zambiri Zakhungu

Pali zikopa zina zomwe zimatengedwa ngati zowonongeka, monga actinic keratoses . Kufuna chithandizo kwa izi kungachepetse mwayi kuti apite ku khansa. Mankhwalawa amatha kuchiritsidwa m'njira zingapo, kuyambira ku nsomba zam'madzi (kuzizira), kuti aziwatsitsimutsa, kuwapatsa mankhwala odzola.

Siyani Kusuta

Kusuta kungathe kuwonjezera kwambiri ngozi ya squamous cell carcinomas. Mosiyana ndi chiopsezo cha khansa zokhudzana ndi kusuta, komabe, chiopsezo cha munthu cha khansa ya khungu mwamsanga atasiya, ndipo akhoza kubwerera kwa munthu yemwe sanasute fodya.

Mankhwala Oletsa (Chemoprevention)

Kwa anthu amene ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi khansa ya khungu, mankhwala angaganizidwe. Accutane (isotretinoin) ndi Soriatane (acitretin) zapezeka kuti kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha basal cell carcinomas kwa anthu omwe ali ndi basal cell nevus syndrome ndi xeroderma pigmentosum. Erivedge (vismodegib) ikuwoneka kuti ikugwira ntchito. Accutane ingathandizenso kuchepetsa matenda a squamous cell carcinomas kwa anthu omwe ali ndi xeroderma pigmentosum.

Kufufuza Kwambiri Kuyambira Kale (Kupeza Khansa ya Khungu Kumayambiriro)

Maganizo a khansa ya khungu, makamaka, ndi abwino kwambiri kuposa ena khansa. Chifukwa chimodzi cha izi ndikuti khansa iyi imatha kuwonetsedwa mowonekera, ndipo amadziwika kale, komanso malo ochiritsidwa kwambiri. Komabe, kuti muwone khansayi mofulumira, nkofunika kuyang'ana khungu lanu nthawi zambiri.

Kufunika Kodziyesa Khungu Kwathu

Tonsefe tifunika kutenga mbali mu chisamaliro chathu mwa kuyang'anitsitsa khungu lathu la khansa yapakhungu. Ngakhale kuti madokotala angakhale ndi diso lophunzitsidwa, sikuti aliyense amawona dermatologist nthawi zonse, ndipo palibe amene alimbikitsidwa ngati mukuyenera kusamalira thanzi lanu. Popeza anthu a mafuko onse, mitundu ya khungu, ndi zaka zambiri angathe kutenga khansa ya khungu, ndibwino kuti aliyense azifufuza khungu lawo nthawi zonse.

Malangizo othandizira kufufuza khungu lanu amasiyana ndi bungwe. American Cancer Society, Skin Care Foundation, ndi American Academy of Dermatology amalimbikitsa kudzipenda kaye khungu pamwezi. Bungwe la US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), komabe silinayamikire kuyesa melanoma.

Kuchita Ngozi Yoyesera

Kufufuza khungu lanu ndi kophweka, mofulumira, komanso mwachangu. Zonse zomwe mukusowa ndi galasi lalitali, galasi lamanja, chisa, ndi kuwala. Pamene mukuyang'ana mbali iliyonse ya thupi lanu, phunzirani chitsanzo, malo, ndi kukula kwa zikopa pakhungu lanu, kuti mutha kuzindikira mwamsanga kusintha kulikonse komwe kumachitika. Cholinga ndi kungodziwa khungu lanu kuti muwone chilichonse chokayikitsa ngakhale dokotala wanu asanafike. Kumbukirani kuti zowonjezereka zowononga khansa zingawoneke paliponse, ngakhale m'madera osawonekera ku dzuwa, komanso kuti khansa ina ya khungu siimapangidwe ndi dzuwa nkomwe.

Nazi njira zotsatirazi:

1. Pambuyo pochapa kapena kusamba, fufuzani mutu ndi nkhope yanu, pogwiritsira ntchito magalasi awiri kuti muwone malo ovuta. Gwiritsani chisa kuti muwone khungu lanu pansi pa tsitsi lanu. Musaiwale makutu anu, pansi pa chinsalu chanu, ndi khosi lanu.
2. Fufuzani pamwamba ndi kumapeto kwa manja anu, kuphatikizapo zala zanu ndi zala zala. Yang'anani zipilala zanu komanso zida zanu. (Malo ofala kwambiri a khansa ya khansa ya m'magazi ali m'munsi mwa zipilala ndi zikhomo, pazanja za manja kapena m'mapazi a mapazi, kapena pamagulu ozungulira pakamwa, m'mphuno, ndi m'mimba.)
3. Fufuzani zam'mbuyo, mikono yanu, pansi, chifuwa, ndi mimba. Akazi ayenera kuyang'ana khungu pansi pa mabere awo.
4. Khalani pansi ndipo muyang'ane mapewa anu, kunyezimira, nsonga, ndi mapazi anu, zala zazing'ono, pakati pa zala zazing'ono, ndi zala.
5. Pogwiritsa ntchito galasilo, fufuzani ana anu aang'ono ndi misana ya ntchafu zanu, kuchepetsa mmbuyo, matako ndi malo opatsirana pogonana, kumbuyo kumbuyo, ndi kumbuyo kwa khosi lanu. (Miyendo ya amai oyera ndi kumbuyo kwa amuna oyera ndi malo omwe amakhala ovuta kwambiri ku melanoma, kotero khalani bwino.)

Dokotala Wachizolowezi Amayendera

Tilibe malangizo ogwirizana kuti nthawi zambiri anthu amawona dokotala wawo wamkulu kapena dermatologist, ndi zochepa zochepa. The American Academy of Dermatology imalimbikitsa kawirikawiri kukayezetsa ndi dokotala kwa anthu okalamba oposa 50, kwa amene ali ndi dysplastic nevus syndrome, kapena amene ali ndi khansa ya khansa zambiri. Momwemo, munthu aliyense ayenera kuyankhula ndi dokotala wawo za ndondomeko zochokera pazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo. Anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu angathe kufunsa dokotala wawo woyang'anira chisamaliro choyenera (TCE) panthawi ya mankhwala. Ophthalmologists, gynecologists, ngakhalenso madokotala a mano amatha kuyang'ananso khungu lanu panthawi yawo yothetsera.

Kwa omwe ali ndi zifukwa zazikulu zoopsa, kuyendera nthawi zonse ndi dermatologist kungaoneke kukhala kwanzeru. Ndemanga ya 2016 inapeza kuti kukhudzidwa (momwe angapezere khansara) ndi zinazake (zokhoza kudziwa bwino amene alibe khansa) pozindikira kuti khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa imakhala yochepa kwambiri kuposa dermatologists kusiyana ndi madokotala oyamwitsa.

Zosankha Zowonetsera Kwaulere

Ngati simungathe kufufuza khungu lanu mokwanira kapena kuonana ndi dokotala, muli ndi mwayi: mayeso opanda maiko alipo ponseponse. The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) imapereka ndondomeko ya mapulogalamu owonetserako omasuka omwe alipo.

Kuti mupeze mawonekedwe a "SPOTme" a khungu la khungu, yesani pa dziko lanu ndi mndandanda wa zipatala zomwe zimapereka ntchitoyi yaulere. Kuyezetsa kumatenga mphindi 10 zokha ndipo sikukuphatikizapo ntchito ya magazi kapena njira zina zowonongeka. Kuchokera mu 1985, AAD yachititsa pafupifupi miyezi 2 miliyoni kuyang'ana ndipo yayesa zilonda zosapitirira 180,000, kotero inu muli m'manja abwino.

Ngati palibe pulogalamu ya AAD yomwe ili m'deralo, Kansalu ya Khansa imathandizira RV yoyendetsa masentimita 38 yomwe imasiya nthawi zonse kumalo osungirako Rite Aid ndi malo ena m'midzi 50 kudziko lonse. Ingowonetseratu ndipo bwalo lakale-dermatologist lovomerezeka lidzayesa kufufuza thupi lonse kwathunthu kwaulere.

> Zotsatira:

> American Academy of Dermatology. Pezani Khansa ya Khungu.

> Gulu Logwira Ntchito. Chotsatira chawotchi.

> Karagas, M., Gossai, A., Pierce, B., ndi H. Ahsan. Madzi Okumwa Arsenic Contamination, Zilonda za Khungu, ndi Ziphuphu: Kufufuza Kwambiri pa Umboni Wadziko lonse. Mauthenga Amakono Okhudza Zaumoyo

> Ng, C., Yen, H., Hsiao, H., ndi S. Su. Zakudya za Phytochemicals mu Khansara Yopeweratu ndi Chithandizo: Zomwe Zasinthidwa. International Journal of Molecular Sciences . 2018. 19 (4) .pii: E941.

> Wernli, K., Henrikson, N., Morrison, C. et al. Kuyeza kwa Khansa ya Khungu mu Anthu Akuluakulu: Lipoti la Umboni Wosinthidwa ndi Kukonzekera Kwadongosolo kwa gulu la US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA . 2016. 316 (4): 436-47.