Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, ndi Zizindikiro Zowonetsera Melanoma
Popeza tilibe malangizo owonetsera kansalu ya khungu , anthu ambiri amafunika kudalira kuzindikira zizindikiro za matendawa kuti agwire mwamsanga. Zizindikiro za squamous cell carcinomas zingaphatikizepo khungu la khungu lomwe lili ngati wartlike ndi scaly, ndi kuvutika maganizo (ulcer) pakati. Khansa ya khansa yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyera, yamtengo wapatali, kapena yowoneka ngati maonekedwe a mchere.
Zizindikiro za khansa ya khansa imakhala ndi mulu watsopano kapena ulipo umene uli ndi malire osakanikirana kapena okwera, umasiyanasiyana, kapena umasintha m'njira zina. Mavuto a kansa ya khungu, monga metastases, amachititsanso zizindikiro.
Khansa ya khungu imachitika makamaka pa zigawo zowonekera za thupi, koma ikhoza kufika paliponse. Tiyeni tione zizindikiro zowoneka ndi zachilendo za khansara ya khungu, komanso zizindikiro zomwe zingayang'anire zomwe zingathe kuwonetsa melanoma.
Zizindikiro Zowonjezereka
Pansipa tilembera zizindikiro za khansa ya khungu, koma nkofunika kuzindikira kuti munthu aliyense ndi khansara iliyonse ya khungu ndi yosiyana. Ngati muli ndi khungu pa khungu lanu lomwe limakukhudzani, ndikofunika kuti liwonongeke, kaya muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe mwazitchula kapena ayi. Zizindikiro zofala zimaphatikizapo:
Chosazolowereka "Malo" pa Khungu
Mawanga atsopano omwe amapezeka pakhungu akhoza kukhala khansara ya khungu, poganizira kuti gawo limodzi mwa atatu la anthu lidzakhala ndi khansa imodzi ya khungu m'moyo wawo wonse.
Zingakhale zovuta kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyana ya khansara ya khungu popanda microscope, koma maonekedwe onse a zotupazi amasiyana mosiyana.
- Basal cell carcinomas nthawi zambiri amawala, ndipo amafotokozedwa ngati "pearlescent." Zingakhale zosalala, zoleredwa, kapena zooneka ngati zala, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofiira, zofiira, kapena zobiriwira. Pa kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala, mitsempha yaing'ono ya magazi ikhoza kuwoneka poyerekeza ndi khungu lozungulira.
- Nthawi zambiri squamous cell carcinomas imakula komanso imamva kugwedeza. Zikhoza kuoneka ngati zilonda, ndipo zikhoza kukhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba zomwe zimakhala zosavuta komanso zosavuta kuposa malo ozungulira. Ma khansa ena nthawi zina amatuluka, amafupa, kapena amapanga nkhanambo.
- Malanoma nthawi zambiri amaonetsa ngati kusintha kwa mole yomwe ilipo, kapena katsopano, yosaoneka bwino (onani m'munsimu).
Matenda Osachiritsika
Matenda ambiri a khungu amayamba kuthamangitsidwa chifukwa cha kuluma kwa kachilomboka, kuvulaza khungu khungu, kapena kukhumudwa, koma kumakhala kosaoneka ngati sakupita patapita nthawi. Ngati muwona khungu lanu lomwe likukana kuchiza, ngakhale ngati likuwoneka kuti likuchiritsa koma kenako limapuma, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Kawirikawiri, kusintha kwa khungu kulikonse komwe sikungathetsere payekha kwa milungu iwiri iyenera kuyesedwa.
Kusintha kwa Khungu Lalikulu la Khungu
Ma khansa ena a khungu amachokera pakhungu la khungu kapena mole omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngati muli ndi zowonongeka, timadontho timeneti, kapena malo ena a khungu omwe akusintha, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.
Kukumana ndi Chisumbu cha Khungu
Nthaŵi zambiri, tilibe kukhudzidwa kogwirizana ndi ma moles kapena zilonda za khungu. Ndi khansara ya khungu, anthu amatha kuyang'anitsitsa, kuyisamalira, kufooka, kukulira, kapena kupweteka.
Anthu ena afotokozera kumverera monga kumverera kwa "nyerere zikukwawa pa khungu lawo."
Zizindikiro za Melanoma
Ndikofunika kudziŵa bwino zizindikiro za khansa ya khansa, chifukwa khansa imeneyi imatha kukula ndi kufalikira mofulumira, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuchizira kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Iwo angapereke monga atsopano, kawirikawiri imawonetsa mole, koma nthawi zambiri imachokera ku timadontho tomwe timakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali. Anthu oyera, amapezeka pamilingo ya amayi komanso kumbuyo kwa amuna. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda, malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndiwo mapazi, mapazi, manja, zikhomo ndi zikopa, komanso mu nsanganizo (monga pakamwa, mphuno, ndi ziwalo).
Lamulo la ABCDE (ndi F) lingakhale lothandiza pofufuza ma moles m'thupi lanu:
A: Asymmetry
Mankhwala osakaniza, timadontho timeneti, ndi zina zotupa za khungu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana, pamene ma melanomas nthawi zambiri amakhala osakanikirana. Ngati inu mutagawanitsa mole mu magawo awiri, mbali ziwiri zikhoza kuwoneka zosiyana. Si malo onse a khungu, monga zizindikiro zoberekerako, ndi zofanana, ndipo pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimawonetsa dermatologists pakuyang'ana mole.
B: Border
Mphepete mwa m'mphepete mwa khansa ya khansa imakhala yosawerengeka, ndipo ingawoneke ngati yowopsya, yosakanika, kapena yofiira. Chilondachi chimawoneka ngati "kufalikira," ndi redness kapena kutupa m'madera ozungulira mole kapena mdima wandiweyani womwe umawoneka kuti "ukuwuluka" mu minofu yoyandikana ndi malire a mole.
C: Mtundu
Ma Melanomas nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu yambiri komanso yosagwirizana. Izi zikhoza kuphatikizapo mithunzi yakuda, bulauni, ndi tani, ndi malo oyera, oyera, ofiira, ndi a buluu omwe amawonanso nthawi zina. Ma melanomas ena ali ndi mbiri yofiira, yofiira, ndi ya buluu, chifukwa cha maonekedwe a mitundu yonseyi mkati mwa mole imodzi. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mole yomwe imawoneka yowala m'dera limodzi ikhoza kukhala ngati yowoneka ngati mdima m'malo amodzi.
D: Mapiritsi
Matenda a khansa ya khansa imakhala yaikulu kuposa mamita asanu ndi limodzi (1/4 ya inche), kapena kukula kwa pencil eraser (kapena yaikulu). Zilonda zapakhungu zomwe ndi kukula uku ziyenera kufufuzidwa ngakhale ziri zofanana ndi mtundu umodzi wokha ndi malire ozolowereka. Zilonda zing'onozing'ono kusiyana ndi eraser ziyeneranso kufufuzidwa ngati zili ndi zizindikiro zina za ABCDE.
E: Kusintha ndi / kapena Kukwezeka
Kalata E imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zinthu ziwiri zosiyana ndi khansa ya khansa. Nthawi zambiri zimakwera pamwamba pa khungu, ndipo kukwera kungakhale kosalekeza, ndi mbali zina zotukulidwa komanso mbali zina zazitali. Mulu umene ukusintha (umasintha) umakhudzanso, ndipo pakadalirika, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa yotchedwa melanomas, imaonetsa kuti mawonekedwe ake, mawonekedwe ake, maonekedwe ake, kapena maonekedwe ake amawoneka. Ngati khansa ya khansa imayamba m'kati mwake, mawonekedwe ake amasintha, ndipo amakhala ovuta, lumpy, kapena scaly. Ngakhale kuti khungu limatha kukhala losiyana ndipo limatha kutentha, kuyaka, kapena kutulutsa magazi, khansa yafala kwambiri nthawi zambiri.
F: "Kukongola Kwambiri"
Nthawi zina, chilembo "F" chiwonjezeredwa pamphindi, ndipo chimatanthawuza kuti "zilonda" zimakhala "zozizwitsa." Mulu umene suwoneka ngati ma moles ena m'thupi lanu, kapena kuti "sakuwoneka bwino" kwa inu, ayenera kufufuzidwa. Mukudziwa khungu lanu bwino kuposa wina aliyense, ndipo ndikofunika kudalira chidziwitso chanu.
Zizindikiro Zosazolowereka
Zizindikiro zosadziwika za khansara ya khungu zingathenso kupezeka, ndipo zikawonjezeredwa pamodzi, sizili zosawerengeka. Ena mwa awa ndi awa:
Kusintha kwa Masomphenya
Kusintha m'masomphenya, monga masomphenya ophwanyika mu diso limodzi lokha, kungakhale chizindikiro cha melanoma kapena ma melanoma a diso. Ma melanoma amtunduwu amawerengera pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya khansa ya m'magazi ndipo imapezeka m'kati mwa diso (white), thupi la ciliary kapena choroid. Zizindikiro zina zimakhala ndi maonekedwe a mdima wonyezimira wa diso, kutayika kwa masomphenya, kuona kuwala kowala, kuyang'ana (kuyang'ana zida zoyandama m'mzere wanu), kapena kupukuta kwa diso limodzi.
Mdima Wamdima Pamakangowa Amtengo Wapatali
Kuwonekera kwa malo amdima pansi pa chikhomo kapena chikhomo chomwe chikuwoneka popanda kuvulaza koyenera nthawi zonse chiyenera kufufuzidwa. Chilonda cha malomali (subungual melanoma) kawirikawiri chimapereka ngati chingwe chotalika (kutalika) kuchokera ku cuticle mpaka kumapeto kwa msomali (chizindikiro cha Hutchinson). Mankhwalawa amapezeka kwambiri pa thumbu ndi zala zazikulu, koma amapezeka pa msomali uliwonse. Ngakhale kuti subungual melanomas ndi achilendo kwa azungu, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi 1 peresenti ya khansa ya khansa ya khansa, ndiwo amodzi omwe amapezeka m'magazi omwe ali ndi mdima.
Mitsuko "Yatsopano"
Nthawi zambiri timaganiza za khansa ya khungu ngati zovuta, koma zina zimakhala zosalala, ndipo zina zimakhala ngati kuvutika maganizo pakhungu. Morpheaform basal cell carcinoma nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati kupweteka kwa khungu lomwe limawoneka ngati chilonda.
Mavuto
Pali zovuta zingapo zomwe zingachitike ndi khansara ya khungu. Ndi khansa ya khansa yomwe siili ndi khansa, zambiri mwazizi zimachokera ku kukula kwa chotupacho. Ndi matenda a khansa ya khansa, zovuta zimakhala zofanana ndi kukula kwa khansa, metastases ndi ziwalo zina za thupi, komanso zotsatira za mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zomwe zingakhale zovuta zikuphatikizapo:
Matenda Achiwiri
Popeza kansa ya khungu imasokoneza chitetezo chodziwika bwino cha khungu, mabakiteriya angalowemo akuyambitsa matenda a khungu . Matendawa amatha kuchoka ku matenda ochepa, omwe amatha kufalikira pamtunda, komanso amayamba kuwonjezeka kwambiri, ku matenda opatsirana kwambiri komanso matenda opatsirana. Kuchiza kwa khansa ya khungu kungatithandizenso ku matenda.
Kutaya ndi / kapena Kutaya ndalama
Kukula ndi kuperewera kwa magazi kungabwere chifukwa cha kukula kwa kansalu khungu yekha, kapena chifukwa cha mankhwala ochotsa khansa. Pamene khansa ya khungu imapezeka msanga, izi ndizosazolowereka, koma khansa yomwe yakhalapo kwa nthawi yaying'ono imatha kulowa m'kati mwathu, mitsempha kapena minofu.
Lymphedema
Lymphedema ndi chikhalidwe chimene madzi amadzimangira m'mbali mwa thupi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo a mitsempha ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha. Zipangizo zamakono zimagwiritsira ntchito kusonkhanitsa madontho amadzimadzi m'zinthu zamadzimadzi komanso kutulutsa madzi kumsana. Ngati zowonongeka zimapezeka minofu ndi zitsulo, zotsatira zowonjezera madzi zimatha kuyambitsa kutupa ndi kuuma kwa khungu. Anthu ambiri amadziwika bwino ndi lymphedema yomwe imawonekera kwa amayi ena omwe apanga opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'mawere, koma lymphedema ikhoza kufika pafupifupi kulikonse. Ndi khansara ya khungu, zimakhala zachilendo kwambiri pamene mitsempha yamatenda imachotsedwa ngati gawo la opaleshoni, koma ikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha khansa yokha.
Kubwereza
Mofanana ndi khansa ya m'mawere ingabwererenso pakatha mankhwala, khansa ya khungu ikhoza kubwereranso, makamaka omwe ali apamwamba kwambiri panthaŵi yomwe akudziŵa. Mankhwala a khansa osakanikirana ndi khansa amatha kubwerera kumudzi (komwe amachokera), koma khansa ya khansa (ndi zina zotchedwa squamous cell carcinomas) zimatha kubwerera kumalo akutali (onani m'munsimu).
Metastases
Mavitamini sakhala achilendo ndi khansa ya khansa yapamtunda kapena khansa yapachiyambi. Ngakhale khansa yapakhungu yapamwamba kwambiri, komanso khansa ya melanoma, ingafalikire ku madera ena a thupi, kuchititsa zizindikiro m'madera amenewa. Nthawi zina, khansa ya khungu imapezeka koyamba chifukwa cha zizindikiro chifukwa cha metastases.
Matenda a melanoma amatha kufalikira pafupifupi dera lonse la thupi, koma malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri a melanoma metastases , komanso squamous cell carcinoma metastases, ali ndi mafupa, mafupa, mapapo, chiwindi, ndi ubongo.
Kufalikira kwa khansa ku mafupa kungayambitse kufooka kumene kumayambitsa mafupa . Zizindikiro za ululu kumbuyo komwe zimathamangitsa miyendo, kufooka kapena kupweteka miyendo, kapena kutaya mphamvu ndi kuyendetsa kapena kutuluka m'mimba kungakhale machenjezo a kupweteka kwa msana chifukwa cha metastases ku msana. Kusweka kwa mafupa kungathenso kumayambitsa khungu lapamwamba m'magazi ( hypercalcemia ) lomwe lingayambitse chifuwa, kusanza, kufooka, ndi chisokonezo. Khansa yomwe imafalikira m'mapapu imatha kuyambitsa chifuwa chokhazikika kapena kupuma pang'ono. Kufalikira ku chiwindi (chiwindi cha metastases) chingayambitse kupweteka kwa jaundice, chikasu cha khungu. Matenda a ubongo amatha kupweteka mutu, kugunda, masomphenya kusintha, kapena kufooka pambali imodzi ya thupi.
Nkhawa ndi Kuvutika Maganizo
Kuwoneka kumawunikira udindo wofunikira pazithunzithunzi, ndipo khansa yomwe ili m'madera omwe amawonekera kwa ena ingayambitse nkhawa ndi kudandaula. Mwamwayi, opaleshoni ya pulasitiki, pakufunika, akhoza kuchita ntchito yapadera pobwezeretsa maonekedwe.
Nthawi Yomwe Muwone Dokotala
Ngati muwona zizindikiro za khansara yamtundu zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, pangani nthawi yoti muwone dokotala wanu. Dermatologist ikhoza kuyang'ana khungu lanu, ndi kudziwa ngati biopsy ikufunika. Si zachilendo kuti anthu asiye kufuna chithandizo cha khansa ya khungu, koma kale matendawa amapezeka, zotsatira zake zimakhala bwino. Pamene kupeza khansa ya khansa ya m'mawere imatha kusintha, ngakhale ngakhale khansa ya khungu yochepa imakhala yoipa nthawi zambiri imafuna njira zambiri zopaleshoni, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa, ngati zimaloledwa kuti zisakule.
> Zotsatira:
> American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. Melanoma: Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro. Kusinthidwa 06/17.
> American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. Khansara ya Khungu (Osati Melanoma): Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro. Kusinthidwa 12/16.
> Weller, Richard PJB, Hamish JA Hunter, ndi Margaret W. Mann. Dermatology Clinic . Chichester (West Sussex): John Wiley & Son Inc., 2015. Print.