Zotsatira, zizindikiro, chithandizo ndi kupewa matenda a melanoma a diso
Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi, kapena khansa ya m'maso, ndi khansa yosawerengeka yomwe imakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za diso , makamaka chosekara , thupi la ciliary, ndi iris . Mtundu wa khansa ya khungu ndi mtundu wambiri wa diso la maso.
Matenda a Melanoma (Odwala Melanoma) - Chiyambi
Anthu ambiri amasokonezeka ndi khansa ya maso ya mtundu wa khansa ya khansa, monga khansa ya khansa yambiri yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi khungu .
Mankhwala a Melanomas amayamba kuchokera ku melanocytes, maselo omwe ali ndi mdima wonyezimira (melanin) umene umatanthauzira khungu lathu. Mankhwala a Melanocyte sali kokha khungu - amapezeka pamutu, m'maso, ndi m'mabwalo ena.
Nthawi zambiri khansa ya diso imayamba pakati pa diso lomwe limatchedwa uvea. Uwu ndi wosanjikiza momwe mitsempha ya mthupi imayenderera mu diso. Chingwe chakunja ndi sclera (chowoneka choyera) ndipo mkati mwake ndi retina (kumene mitengo ndi mbeya zomwe zimakhala ndi mbali imodzi ya diso zimatumiza chizindikiro ku ubongo.) Nthawi zina matenda a melanoma amapezeka pa conjuctiva kapena zikopa.
Khansara iyi imapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu achikulire komanso pamwamba pa zaka zapakati pa 70. Ipezeka nthawi zambiri mwa amuna kusiyana ndi akazi. Ma melanomas ocula amawerengera pafupifupi 5% a khansa ya khansa.
Kodi Chimachititsa Bwanji Melanoma Ocular?
Monga mitundu yambiri ya khansa sitiri otsimikiza chomwe chimayambitsa melanoma, koma zikukayikira kuti zimagwirizana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Chiphunzitso ichi sichiyenera kutsimikiziridwa, komabe.
Ngakhale kuti chifukwa cha khansa ya m'magazi sikunatchulidwe, akatswiri ofufuza apeza kuti ziwopsezo za matendawa ndizoopsa. Zowopsa za khansa ya khansa ya mchere ndi zofanana ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya khansa ndipo imaphatikizapo:
- Kukhala okongoletsedwa khungu kapena kukhala ndi tsitsi loyera ndi maso (maso a buluu kapena obiriwira)
- Kutentha kwa dzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali kapena mabedi okhwima
- Kukwanitsa tani
- Fuko la Caucasus
- Kukhala ndi dysplastic nevus syndrome, vuto limene limayambitsa matenda osadziwika
- Kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osasintha a maonekedwe a chikopa kapena uvea
- Pokhala ndi oculodermal melanocytosis, chinthu chosowa chimene chimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi khungu pamaso
Ochita kafukufuku akuphunzira zambiri zokhudza matenda a khansa ndi khansa ya khansa ndipo amaganiza kuti 55 peresenti ya chiopsezo cha khansa ya khansa imachokera ku zamoyo .
Zizindikiro za Melanoma Ocular
Nthawi zina palibe zizindikilo zooneka za khansa yotchedwa melanoma, makamaka kumayambiriro koyamba. Muzochitika izi, matenda a melanoma a diso amapezeka kawirikawiri poyang'anitsitsa maso ndi katswiri wamagetsi kapena opthalmologist. Zizindikiro za khansa ya khansa yakuphatikizapo:
- Masomphenya obisika m'maso amodzi
- Zowonongeka (malo ochepa "oyandama" m'masomphenya anu)
- Sinthani mtundu wa iris kapena malo amdima pa iris
- Sinthani mawonekedwe a wophunzira
- Kuwona magetsi akuwala
- Diso lofiira ndi / kapena lopweteka
- Diso lamphamvu
- Kutayika kwa masomphenya kapena kutayika kwa masomphenya onse
Chifukwa cha malo ambiri omwe amapezeka m'mimbayi, anthu samatha kuona khansara pawokha - mwazinthu zina, nthawi zambiri samawoneka pagalasi.
Kuzindikira Melanoma Ocular
Kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya khansara, nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'magazi.
Chimodzi mwa mayesero oyambirira omwe anthu ambiri amachitcha amatchedwa ophthalmoscopy, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito malo apadera kuti apeze maonekedwe ozama a diso. Zili ngati chida cha dokotala wanu kapena dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito kuyang'ana diso lanu. Sizowonongeka ndipo sizimapweteka ndipo zimachitika pambuyo podziwa dokotala wanu akuyamba kuyang'ana maso anu.
An ultrasound angapangidwenso kuti ayang'ane diso ndi zozungulira. Madontho akugwiritsidwa ntchito asanapangidwe kuti athetse vuto lililonse. Mungafunsidwe kuti muyang'ane njira zosiyanasiyana kuti mulole maonekedwe osiyanasiyana owonetsera. Diso la ultrayounds limatenga pafupifupi 15 mphindi kapena zochepa.
Mayesero ena, monga MRI kapena CT scan, akhoza kuchitidwa ngati akuganiza kuti khansara yayamba kupitirira diso.
Chiwindi ndi malo amodzi omwe amapezeka pamatenda a khansa. Mndandandawu ukuwonetsa kumene khansa ya khansa yafala kwambiri .
Kuchiza kwa Melanoma Ocular
Chithandizo cha khansa ya khansa ya m'magazi imachokera pa mbali ina ya diso yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndipo ngati yayimilira mbali zina za thupi.
Kuchita opaleshoni ndi njira imodzi yochizira khansa ya m'magazi. Kuchotsa diso (khunyu) kungakhale kofunikira nthawi zina pamatumbo akulu pamene njira zina zothandizira sizili zoyenera. Diso lopanga lingathe kulengedwa nthawi zambiri. Maonekedwe a matsitsi lero ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa kale. Zimapangidwa ndi anthu aluso, ophunzitsidwa otchedwa ocularists. Kawirikawiri zimatengera kulikonse komwe kulipo 4 mpaka 6 kuti azisankhidwa kuti azikhala ndi diso la prostate komanso kuti liyike. Taluso ndi luso lojambula ndizofunikira ziwiri zofunika kuziganizira pakusankha zamatsenga.
Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha khansa ya m'magazi. Zitha kukhala mankhwala okha kapena kuchita opaleshoni. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala a radiation : kunja ndi mkati. Onse awiri amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera kuti asokoneze ntchito ya maselo a khansa kuti athetse iwo ndi kuwaletsa kuti asagwirizane.
- Miyendo ya kunja imatulutsa mpweya wochokera ku makina apadera omwe amaletsa malo otupa kunja. Njira imeneyi yothandizidwa ndi dzuwa ndi yeniyeni ndipo imachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu yozungulira.
- Mazira a mkati (brachytherapy), omwe nthawi zambiri amawatcha kuti mankhwalawa pofotokoza za mankhwala a melanoma, amagwiritsa ntchito "mbewu" kapena "chipika" chomwe chimayikidwa pafupi ndi malo otupa kuti apereke mankhwala. Kawirikawiri, imangokhala kwa masiku pafupifupi 7 ndipo kenako imachotsedwa. Imeneyi ndiyo njira yowonjezereka kwambiri ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa diso la melanoma.
Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza polimbana ndi khansa ya m'magazi, koma safika popanda zotsatirapo. Maso ofiira, owuma ndi ofunika kwambiri. Nthaŵi zina matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha mankhwala, koma opaleshoni ikhoza kukhala njira yoti muwachotsere. Kutayika kwa khungu ndi kuchepetsanso kumachitika. Kawirikawiri, mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti mitsempha yowonongeka, glaucoma , ndi mitsempha yambiri ya magazi mu retina.
Chithandizo cha khansa ya khansa yambiri imakhala yofanana ndi ya mtundu wina wa melanoma ya metastatic . Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ambiri amalephera kupeza mankhwala abwino, pali njira zingapo zopangira khansa yotchedwa melanoma chemotherapy.
Kuonjezerapo, mayesero a zachipatala akuyang'ana njira zothandizira komanso chithandizo cha immunotherapy zikuchitika ndikuwonetsa lonjezo kuti izi zidzasintha m'tsogolomu.
Zotsatira:
American Academy of Opthalmology. Kodi Melanoma Ocular ndi chiyani? Kusinthidwa 08/02/12. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-ocular-melanoma
Blum, E., Yang, J., Komatasubara, K., ndi R. Carvajal. Kachilombo ka Clinical Management ya Melanoma ya Uveal ndi Conjunctival. Oncology (Williston Park) . 2016. 30 (1): 29-32,34-43,48.
Chattopadhay, C., Kim, D., Gombos, D. et al. Uveal khansa: Kuchokera kuchipatala kuchipatala ndi sayansi pakati. Khansa .
National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha Melanoma (Intraocular (Uveal) - Othandiza Odwala (PDQ). Kusinthidwa 07/09/15. http://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq