Chithandizo cha Odwala Matenda a Melanoma a Stage III ndi IV
Dokotala wanu akunena kuti chiwerengero chanu chimasonyeza kuti munthu akudwala matenda a melanoma , omwe ndi khansa yapakhungu kwambiri . Chotsatira ndi chiyani? Kodi mungasankhe chiyani? Nazi mwachidule zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera kuti mutha kufunsa mafunso okhudzana ndi chithandizo chanu ndi momwe mumayendera. ( Ndondomeko ya chithandizo cha khansa ya m'magazi yoyamba, I ndi II matenda akupezeka.
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Gawo lachitatu Chilonda
Chithandizo cha opaleshoni chachitetezo cha khansa ya khansa itatu chimaphatikizapo kusakanikirana (kuchotsedwa) kwa chotupa chachikulu ndipo kawirikawiri zimayambilira zapafupi. Adjuvant (pambuyo pochita opaleshoni) mankhwala opatsirana ndi interferon-alfa2b angathandize odwala ena omwe ali ndi gawo la katatu la melanoma kumenyana ndi kubwereza nthawi yayitali.
Ngati khansa ya khansa imatha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, dokotala wanu akhoza kuyambitsa katemera (BCG) kapena interleukin-2 mwachindunji m'matumbo. Kachilombo kameneka pamanja kapena mwendo, njira ina yowonjezera ndiyo kupatsa mphuno ndi njira yothetsera mankhwala a chemotherapy melphalan. Nthaŵi zina, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation angaperekedwe pambuyo pochita opaleshoni m'deralo kumene maselo am'mimba amachotsedwa, makamaka ngati nthendayi zambiri zimapezeka kuti zili ndi khansa. Zina zowonjezereka mankhwala ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy, immunotherapy kapena onse (biochemotherapy).
Mankhwala atsopano omwe akuyesedwa m'mayesero a kachipatala angapindule odwala ena. Odwala ambiri sangathe kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala omwe alipo panopa chifukwa cha katatu kansalu, kotero iwo angaganize kuti ali mu chiyeso cha mankhwala.
Matenda a Melanoma
Matenda a kansa ya IV imakhala yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa yayamba kale kufalikira kumadera ena a thupi. Njira zopangira opaleshoni zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa zotupa, maselo am'thupi, kapena ziwalo zina za mkati, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zotupa zomwe zilipo, malo awo, komanso momwe zingakhalire zizindikiro.
Mavitamini omwe amachititsa zizindikiro koma sangathe kuchotsedwa opaleshoni angapangidwe ndi ma radiation kapena chemotherapy.
Mankhwala a chemotherapy omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaŵiyi ndi ofunika kwenikweni kwa anthu ambiri okhala ndi sitiroko ya khansa ya IV. Dacarbazine (DTIC) ndi temozolomide (Temodar) ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito paokha kapena kuphatikizapo mankhwala ena. Ngakhalenso pamene mankhwala a chemotherapy amatha kuchepetsa khansa, zotsatira zake zimangokhala kanthawi kochepa, ndi nthawi ya miyezi 3 mpaka 6 isanayambe khansa ikukula. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kugwira ntchito nthawi yaitali. Immunotherapy, pogwiritsira ntchito interferon-2b kapena interleukin-2, ikhoza kuthandiza ochepa odwala omwe ali ndi gawo la khansa ya VANANOMA nthawi yaitali. Mankhwala apamwamba a mankhwalawa amawoneka kuti ndi othandiza, komanso amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri.
Madokotala ambiri amalimbikitsa biochemotherapy - kuphatikizapo chemotherapy komanso interleukin-2, interferon kapena onse awiri. Mwachitsanzo, madokotala ena akuphatikiza interferon ndi temozolomide. Mankhwala awiriwa akuphatikizana kuti apangitse ziphuphu zambiri, zomwe zingachititse odwala kumverera bwino, ngakhale kuti kusakanikirana sikuwonekere kuthandiza odwala kukhala moyo wautali. Kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala ena kumagwiritsira ntchito mlingo wochepa wa interferon, interleukin, ndi temozolomide.
Aliyense amawoneka kuti amathandiza odwala ena.
Popeza nthenda ya khansa ya IV imakhala yovuta kuchiza ndi zamakono, muyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala ngati mukuyenera kuyesedwa kuchipatala. Mankhwala a mankhwala atsopano a mankhwala a chemotherapy, njira zatsopano za immunotherapy kapena mankhwala ochizira katemera komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala angapindule odwala ena. Ngakhale kuti odwala omwe ali ndi gawo la khansa ya IV imakhala yosauka, chiwerengero cha odwala achita bwino kwambiri kuchipatala kapena apulumuka zaka zambiri ataphunzira.
Zotsatira:
"Kuchiza kwa Khansa ya Malanoma Khungu ndi Gawo." American Cancer Society. 24 December 2008.
"Mankhwala a Melanoma PDQ." National Cancer Institute. 24 December 2008.
"Malangizo: Melanoma." National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 16 December 2008.