Epidermis ndi gawo lakunja khungu ndipo limapangidwa ndi zigawo zisanu. Luso la corneum ndilo kunja kwake kwa magawo asanu ndipo makamaka limakhala ngati chotchinga.
Pakatikatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1970, chiphunzitso cha corneum chinkaganiziridwa kuti chinali chodabwitsa kwambiri, monga mapepala apulasitiki omwe amathandiza kuti khungu likhale lolimba kwambiri. Kwazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, asayansi apeza kuti chida chogwiritsira ntchito chilengedwe cha corneum ndi chovuta kwambiri komanso chovuta.
Kumvetsetsa kapangidwe ka kayendedwe ka corneum ndikofunika chifukwa ndikofunika kuti khungu likhale labwino komanso lokongola. Mafanizowa adzakutengerani ku zigawo zofunikira za chidziwitso cha corneum.
The Corneocyte
Luso la corneum lili ndi mawonekedwe a "njerwa ndi matope", ndipo "njerwa" m'chifaniziro ichi ndi mapuloteni ambiri otchedwa corneocytes (onani chithunzi). Korneocyte imapangidwa ndi zingwe zing'onozing'ono za keratin mu masanjidwe okonzedwa. Keratin ikhoza kusunga madzi ambiri pakati pa ulusi / ulusi. Luso la corneum lili ndi mbali 12 mpaka 16 za corneocytes, ndipo corneocyte iliyonse imakhala ndi microsita imodzi yokha, malinga ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: zaka, malo amadzi, komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa .
Lamellar Bodies
Thupi lamagetsi limapangidwa mu keratinocytes ya stratum spinosum ndi stratum granulosum. Pamene keratinocyte ikukwera ku strneum corneum, mavitamini amatsitsa mavulopu ya kunja ya matupi a nyali, kumasula mitundu ya lipids yotchedwa free mafuta acids ndi ceramides.
Intercellular Lipids
Mavitamini a mafuta ndi ma ceramide omwe amamasulidwa ku matupi a nyali amaphatikiza pamodzi mu stratum corneum kuti apange lipinga lopitirira la lipids. Chifukwa pali mitundu iŵiri ya lipids, mcherewu umatchulidwa ngati lamwala ya lipid. Izi zimapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lopangitsa kuti khungu likhale lolimba komanso lifanane ndi "matope" mu fanizo la njerwa ndi matope.
Envelope
Nyamakazi iliyonse imayang'aniridwa ndi chipolopolo cha mapuloteni chotchedwa selopu envelopu. Envulopu yapangidwa ndi makamaka mapuloteni awiri, laoricrin ndi involucrin. Mapuloteniwa ali ndi mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa wina ndi mzake, kupanga envelopu kukhala yopangidwira kwambiri ya corneocyte. Mitundu iwiri ya mawonekedwe a ma sevulopu amatanthauzidwa ngati "okhwima" ndi "osalimba," okhudzana ndi kuyanjana kwa lamillar lipida bilayer ndi sevulopu.
Envelope Zamadzimadzi
Enyolopuyi imayikidwa pa envelopu yachitsulo ndiyembe ya ceramide lipids yomwe imawombera madzi. Chifukwa chakuti lamallar lipid bilayer imathandizanso madzi, mamolekyu amadzi amasungidwa pakati pa selo envelopu lipids ndi lipid bilayer. Izi zimathandiza kusunga madzi mu chida cha corneum pozembetsa mamolekyu amadzi, mmalo mowalola kuti aloŵe m'munsi mwa tsamba la epidermis.
Corneodesmosomes
"Mpikisano" womwe umagwiritsira ntchito corneocytes pamodzi ndi mapuloteni apadera omwe amatchedwa corneodesmosomes. Nyumbazi ndizo gawo la "matope" mu kufanana ndi "njerwa ndi matope". Corneodesmosomes ndizo zikuluzikulu zomwe ziyenera kuwonongedwa kuti khungu lidzakhetsedwe mu ndondomeko yotchedwa dequamation.
Chilengedwe Chosakaniza (NMF)
Chinthu chokhalira pansi (NMF) ndi mndandanda wa mankhwala osungunuka m'madzi omwe amapezeka kokha mu chidziwitso cha corneum. Mafakitale amenewa amakhala pafupifupi 20 mpaka 30 peresenti ya kuuma kwa corneocyte. Ziwalo za NMF zimatenga madzi kuchokera m'mlengalenga ndikuziphatikiza ndi madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbali yeniyeni ya stratum corneum ikhale yosungunuka mosasamala kanthu kuti iwonetseke ndi zinthu. Chifukwa chakuti zipangizo za NMF zimakhala zosasungunuka madzi, zimachoka mosavuta m'maselo ndi kuyanjana kwa madzi-chifukwa chake kukhudzana mobwerezabwereza ndi madzi kwenikweni kumapangitsa khungu kutentha. Mphepete yamadzimadzi ozungulira corneocyte amathandiza kuteteza khunyu kuti asatayike kuwonongeka kwa NMF.
Kusokoneza Machitidwe
Njira yochotseratu kapena yochotsera chidziwitso cha corneum ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo mbali zokhazo zimamveka bwino. Zimadziwika kuti ma enzyme angapo amatsitsa corneodesmosomes mwapadera, koma chikhalidwe chenicheni cha mavitaminiwa kapena momwe amayamba kukhazikitsidwa kuti ayambe ndondomeko ya exfoliation sadziwika. Madzi ndi pH zimathandiza kwambiri pa ntchito ya mavitaminiwa.
> Zotsatira:
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