Kodi zinthu zonyansazi zinachokera kuti, mwinamwake?
Masiku ano anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti mafuta ochepetsa mafuta (trans fatty acids) (kapena mafuta osakaniza) ndi osayenera kwa inu - ndithudi ndi ovuta kuposa mafuta odzaza . Kudya zakudya zokhudzana ndi mtima kumafuna kupewa mafuta osakaniza. Ndipotu, mu 2015 a FDA adanena kuti mafuta opatsirana ndi owopsa kwambiri ndipo ayenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ku zakudya zathu mkati mwa zaka zitatu.
Osadabwitsa kuganiza kuti nthawi yayitali chabe, aliyense ankakhulupirira mosiyana.
Kodi Mafuta Opangidwa Anachokera Kuti?
Mosiyana ndi mafuta odzaza ndi osatsitsika , mafuta opangidwa mu zakudya zathu ndi opangidwa ndi anthu.
Mafuta a trans akhala akuzungulira kwa zaka zopitirira zana ndipo poyamba adalowa mu zakudya zathu chifukwa chachuma. Koma iwo adangowonjezera chakudya chathu mwa njira yaikulu pamene akatswiri azaumoyo a anthu adasankha kuti atipindulira.
Mafuta a trans anapangidwa m'zaka za 1890, ndi njira yomwe inawonongera hydrogenated (yowonjezera maatomu a hydrogen) mafuta osatsitsika. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ku mafuta osakanizidwa omera, omwe ali ndi zakumwa zomwe zimakhala zowonongeka pamalowa, kutentha kwapadera kwapangidwe kumapanga mankhwala omwe alibe madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba, ndipo amakhala otetezeka pakakhala kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali. Choncho, mafuta odzaza hydrogenated (omwe ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi mafuta) angakhale oyenerera m'malo mwa mafuta odzaza ndi zakudya zowonongeka zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wautali.
Kodi Iwo Analowetsa Bwanji Chakudya Chakudya Chake?
Mu 1911, Proctor & Gamble adadziŵa kuthekera kwa mafuta opatsirana, adagula patent, ndipo anayamba kupanga Crisco kuchepetsa. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mafuta opangira zakudya kumalimbikitsanso panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, pamene panali kusowa kwa mafuta ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta olimba (odzola ndi mafuta odzola).
Koma kufalikira kwa mafuta opangira zakudya ku America kunangokhalapo pamene akatswiri adatsimikiza kuti zidzasintha thanzi lathu. Izi zinachitika ataphunzira kale m'ma 1950, ndipo ma 60s omwe amadzaza mafuta akukhudzana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mthupi la LDL (choipa) cholesterol (motero, iwo adatsiriza, kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a mtima).
Zinanenanso kuti mafuta a masamba - mafuta osatchulidwa - anali okhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa mafuta m'thupi, ndipo kotero (mwina) ali wathanzi.
Choncho akatswiri athu a zaumoyo (pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro osatsutsika a kalasi ya akatswiri), adatsiriza kuti mafuta odzaza ayenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri ku zakudya za ku America. Poyang'ana pozungulira, iwo adapeza cholowa changwiro - mankhwala omwe adakhalapo kwa zaka makumi ambiri, mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta abwino a masamba omwe, monga bonasi, anali ndi maonekedwe abwino omwe amawonetsedwa ndi mafuta odzaza mu zakudya zowonongeka.
Iwo adapeza mafuta odzola.
Akatswiri a Zaumoyo Ambiri Amachita Zawo
Mwachidziwikire, akatswiri a zachipatalawa adatsimikiza kuti mafuta opatsirana ayenera kutengera mafuta odzaza mu zakudya zonse, kwa onse a ku America.
Pogwiritsa ntchito malo awo ochezera aubwenzi - makamaka, panthawiyi, Center for Science in Public Interest (CSPI) - mu 1984 akatswiri adayambitsa ntchito yayikulu yochitira anthu, anthu oipa, mabungwe odyera ) komanso anthu omwe amachitira nkhanza zadyera (makanda, mabungwe ndi zina zotere).
Makampani ogulitsa chakudya a ku America, omwe nthawi zonse adziwonetsa okha ngati odyetsa zakudya zabwino, adatsutsa ndi kudandaula ponena kuti akupha mwachisawawa makasitomala awo. Koma mphamvu yayikulu yotsutsana ndi mafuta a PR PR inathandiza; mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri, opanga chakudya amalowetsedwa.
Mafuta a trans amathamangitsa mafuta odzaza ndi pafupifupi zakudya zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chotsatira chake chinali chomwe chimatchedwa "Snackwell phenomenon," komwe makampani opangira zakudya omwe akusinthidwa panopa, akukonzekera zakudya zonse zopangira zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe ziribe mafuta odzaza. Koma mwatsoka, iwo anali atanyamula makapu okonzedwa kwambiri ( ma carbs oipa), komanso zambiri ndi mafuta ambiri.
Bungwe la American Heart Association (AHA), lomwe linalowetsa phokosolo, linapeza mphotho yatsopano yopezera ndalama pamene idayamba kupereka zina mwa zakudya zamtundu wa mafuta a calorie ndi otengera (kuphatikizapo, Flakes Frosted ndi Pop-Tarts) Liwu labwino "labwino".
Sizongoganiza chabe kuti mliri wamatenda watsopano umene tawonekera ku United States unathandizidwa pokhapokha ndi kukweza kwa zochitika za Snackwell ndi akatswiri athu a zaumoyo, omwe adapitiriza kufotokoza kuopsa kwa mafuta odzaza omwe analipo tsopano zakudya zathu zatsopano zopanda thanzi.
Uh-oh
Umboni wakuti mafuta odzola sanali abwino kwa anthu - ndipo ndithudi anali oipa kwa ife - adayambanso kusonkhanitsa bwino tisanafike 1984. Koma umboni woyambirirawo wovutawo sunathetse "sayansi yothetsera" yomwe idali yolimba komanso yolalikira mwachidwi ndi akatswiri ochokera m'mapulatifomu awo osiyanasiyana.
Pang'onopang'ono pokhapokha umboni wa sayansi wotsutsana ndi mafuta okhwima amatha kufika pang'onopang'ono moti sungathe kunyalanyazidwa. Zaka pafupifupi zaka 20 zisanachitike, vuto la Snackwell linayamba kuthetsedwa.
Wina angaganize kuti akatswiri athu a zachipatala, CSPI ndi AHA angakhale atapereka chidziwitso pang'ono pamene choonadi chinatsimikizirika ponena za mafuta omwe anali nawo (kwenikweni) adagwedeza mmero mwathu. Koma iwo sanatero.
Mmalo mwake, (motsogoleredwa, mochititsa chidwi, ndi CSPI, yomwe inachititsa chidwi 180 pankhaniyi usiku) akatswiri tsopano adakwiya kwambiri ndi makampani odyera, omwe anali ndi chidwi chawo, Mafuta oopsa a poizoni pa anthu athu (kuphatikizapo ana omwe, makanda, etc.)
Pakuti akatswiri, pokhala akatswiri, sangathe kulakwitsa. Iwo amangotenga malo atsopano, ngati akufunikira, ndi kunyalanyaza ndi kuiwala chirichonse chimene iwo anali kunena dzulo. Imeneyi ndi njira ya dziko lapansi, ndipo palibe phindu lakulira pano.
Makhalidwe A Nkhani
Koma zingakhale zothandiza kukumbukira mbiri yachisoni ya mafuta olimbitsa thupi monga akatswiri a zachipatala - omwe ali otsimikizika, okondwa ndi mkwiyo omwe adayambitsa mafuta okhwima pa ife, ndipo ndi zomwezo zokhudzana ndi sayansi yothetsedwa ndi kuti umboni wotsutsa womwe ukutsutsana nawo umanyalanyazidwa - lero akuyesa kulamula kuti thupi lathu likhale losavomerezeka mwa mchere.
Ndikungonena.
Zotsatira:
Mozaffarian D, Katan MB, Ascherio A, et al. Kutentha mafuta kumatenda ndi matenda a mtima. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1601.