Kulikonse komwe mumapitako, mumalangizidwa kuti muzimvetsera makasitomala anu, komanso pang'ono, magulu anu a triglyceride. Cholesterol ndi triglycerides ndi mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala, kapena mafuta, omwe amazungulira mumagazi anu. Zonsezi ndi zofunika ku moyo wokha.
Cholesterol ndi ofunika kwambiri kumanga ndi kusunga mbali zazikulu za maselo anu, monga maselo anu, komanso kupanga mahomoni ofunikira - kuphatikizapo estrogens, progesterones, vitamini D, ndi steroids.
Triglycerides, yomwe ndi minyumba ya mafuta amphamvu kwambiri, imapereka mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zimagwirira ntchito. Kotero simungathe kukhala opanda mtundu uliwonse wa lipids.
Koma pamene mafuta a cholesterol kapena triglycerides akukwera kwambiri, chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda a mtima , kupweteka ndi kupweteka kwa mitsempha kwambiri chikuwonjezeka. Ndipo chifukwa chake muyenera kudera nkhaŵa zazigawo zanu zamadzimadzi.
Mwachidule
Pali magwero awiri a cholesterol ndi triglycerides - magwero a zakudya ndi magwero "osagonjetsa" (opangidwa mkati mwa thupi). Cholesterol ya zakudya ndi triglycerides makamaka zimadya zakudya ndi mkaka . Lipids zamakonozi zimatengeka kudzera mumatumbo anu ndiyeno zimaperekedwa kudzera m'magazi kupita ku chiwindi, komwe zimakonzedweratu.
Chimodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za chiwindi ndikutsimikizira kuti matenda onse a thupi lanu amalandira cholesterol ndi triglycerides omwe akuyenera kuti agwire.
Kawirikawiri, kwa maola asanu ndi atatu mutatha kudya, chiwindi chanu chimadya cholesterol ndi triglycerides kuchokera m'magazi. Nthawi zina pamene mankhwala a lipids alibe, chiwindi chanu chimapanga cholesterol ndi triglycerides. Ndipotu, pafupifupi 75% ya mafuta m'thupi lanu amapangidwa ndi chiwindi.
Chiwindi chanu chimayambitsa cholesterol ndi triglycerides, pamodzi ndi mapuloteni apadera, kukhala phukusi laling'ono lomwe limatchedwa lipoproteins , limene limamasulidwa kuti lilowe. Cholesterol ndi triglycerides amachotsedwa ku lipoproteins ndipo amaperekedwa ku maselo a thupi lanu, kulikonse kumene akufunikira.
Kuwonjezera pa triglycerides - zomwe sizikufunika nthawi yomweyo kuti zikhale mafuta - zimasungidwa m'maselo ambiri kuti azigwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ndikofunika kudziŵa kuti ambiri mwa mafuta acids omwe amasungidwa m'matupi athu amachokera ngati zakudya za carb. Chifukwa pali malire kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe tingathe kusunga m'matupi athu, ma carboni "owonjezera" omwe timadya amatembenuzidwa kukhala mafuta, omwe amaphatikizidwa monga triglycerides ndi kusungidwa monga mafuta. (Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake zimakhala zophweka kukhala ochepa ngakhale pa zakudya zochepa mafuta.) Mafuta a mafuta omwe amasungidwa amagawidwa kuchokera ku triglycerides ndi kutenthedwa ngati mafuta nthawi ya kusala.
Cholesterol Chabwino ndi Choipa
Nthawi zambiri mumamva madokotala ndi anthu odyetserako zakudya akuyankhula za mitundu iwiri ya cholesterol - lowenepa lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (chomwe chimatchedwa "choipa" cholesterol), komanso khungu la cholesterol (kapena "cholesterol"). Njira iyi yolankhulira za kolesterolo ndi yabwino kwambiri, koma mozama sizolondola.
Kwenikweni, monga katswiri wamagetsi aliyense angakuuzeni, cholesterol ndi cholesterol basi. Molekyu imodzi ya cholesterol ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi ina. Ndiye nchifukwa ninji madokotala amalankhula za cholesterol chabwino ndi choipa?
Yankho likugwirizana ndi lipoproteins.
Lipoproteins. Cholesterol (ndi triglycerides) ndi lipids, choncho sungasungunuke mumadzimadzi monga magazi. Kuti lipids zisamalowe m'magazi popanda kuphatikizana palimodzi, amafunika kuikidwa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono omwe amatchedwa lipoproteins. Lipoproteins amatha kusungunuka m'magazi, ndipo amalola kuti cholesterol ndi triglycerides zisunthe mosavuta kudzera m'magazi.
"Mchitidwe" wa lipoproteins osiyanasiyana umatsimikiziridwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya mapuloteni (otchedwa apolipoproteins) omwe amawoneka pamwamba pawo. Lipoprotein metabolism ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo asayansi akugwirabe ntchito zonse. Komabe, madokotala ambiri amakhudzidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya lipoproteins: LDL ndi HDL.
LDL Cholesterol - Cholesterol "Choipa". Kwa anthu ambiri, cholesterol ambiri m'magazi amamangidwa mu particles LDL. Cholesterol ya LDL nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "choipa" cholesterol.
Zakudya zapamwamba za LDL cholesterol zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mtima ndi kupwetekedwa. Akatswiri ambiri amaganiza kuti pamene LDL cholesterol ili pamwamba kwambiri, LDL lipoprotein imakhala yokhazikika ku mitsempha ya mitsempha, yomwe imathandiza kuti mthupi likhale ndi matenda a mthupi . Choncho, chiwerengero chokwanira cha LDL cholesterol ndicho chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a mtima ndi kupwetekedwa.
Ngakhale palibe funso kuti kukweza kwa khungu la cholesterol ku LDL kumathandizira kwambiri kuopsa kwa mtima, m'zaka zaposachedwapa akatswiri ayamba kukayikira ngati kuchepetsa mitsempha ya LDL ya cholesterol yokha imachepetsa chiopsezo. Makamaka, pochepetsa mafuta a LDL ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachepetsa kwambiri mtima, kuchepetsa matenda a cholesterol ndi mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala sichinawonetsedwe motsimikizika. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake akatswiri ena ayamba kukayikira za cholesterol hypothesis , ndipo chifukwa chiyani malangizo atsopano ochizira cholesterol amadalira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito statins.
"HDL Cholesterol - Yabwino" Cholesterol. Magazi ambiri a HDL a cholesterol amawopsa ndi matenda ochepa a mtima, ndipo pang'onopang'ono, mafuta otsika a HDL amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka. Chifukwa chaichi, chotupa cha HDL chimatchedwa "chabwino" "cholesterol.
Zikuwoneka kuti HDL lipoprotein "imawombera" makoma a mitsempha ndi kuchotsa mafuta owonjezera mafuta. Kotero cholesterol yomwe ilipo mu HDL, ndi yaikulu, cholesterol wochulukirapo yomwe yangochotsedwa ku maselo ndi makoma a mitsempha ya magazi ndipo ikutsitsidwanso ku chiwindi kuti ikonzanso. Matendawa amapezeka m'thupi mwa HDL , mwinamwake, cholesterol chochuluka chikuchotsedwa kumene zingasokoneze.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, lingaliro lakuti HDL cholesterol nthawizonse ndi "zabwino" lapsa moto , ndipo ndithudi, tsopano likuwoneka kuti choonadi ndi chovuta kwambiri kuposa "HDL = cholesterol chabwino." Makampani osokoneza bongo amagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti agwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magulu a HDL, mwachitsanzo, mpaka pano atha ku khoma la njerwa. Mankhwala angapo omwe amalimbikitsa bwino maulendo a HDL alephera kusintha zotsatira za mtima. Zotsatira monga izi zikukakamiza akatswiri kuti aziwongolera kuganiza kwawo za HDL cholesterol.
Zifukwa za Cholesterol Chokwera
Mitsempha ya LDL yowonjezereka ingayambidwe ndi zifukwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo chikhalidwe cha umoyo monga a hypercholesterolemia . Kawirikawiri, mafuta a cholesterol okwera amakhala okhudzana ndi zakudya zosafunika, kunenepa kwambiri, moyo wogona, zaka, kusuta, ndi abambo (amayi omwe amayamba kumwa mankhwalawa amakhala ndi makilogalamu otsika kwambiri kuposa amuna).
Zochitika zambiri zamankhwala, kuphatikizapo shuga , hypothyroidism , matenda a chiwindi, ndi kuperewera kwa impso zingathandizenso kuwonjezera kolesteroloni. Mankhwala ena, makamaka steroids ndi progesterone, akhoza kuchita chimodzimodzi.
Triglycerides ndi ngozi ya Cardiac
Maphunziro ambiri a zachipatala asonyeza kuti kukhala ndi chiwerengero cha magazi cha triglyceride - chikhalidwe chotchedwa hypertriglyceridemia - chimagwirizananso ndi vuto lalikulu la mtima. Ngakhale kuti mabungwewa amavomerezedwa ndi akatswiri, sizinavomereze kuti miyeso yapamwamba ya triglyceride ndi chifukwa chowoneka cha matenda a atherosclerosis, monga momwe LDL cholesterol imaganizira. Palibe momwe amavomerezedwa kuti "triglyceride hypothesis."
Komabe, palibe kukayikira kuti hypertriglyceridemia imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha mtima. Kuwonjezera apo, miyeso yapamwamba ya triglyceride ndi yofunika kwambiri pazinthu zina zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiopsezo cha mtima chiwonjezeke. Izi zimaphatikizapo kunenepa kwambiri, moyo wogona, kusuta fodya, hypothyroidism - makamaka matenda a shuga ndi mtundu wa shuga 2.
Ubwenzi wotsirizawu ndi wofunika kwambiri. Kuteteza kwa insulini komwe kumayambitsa matenda a shuga ndi mtundu wa shuga 2 kumapangitsa kuti thupi liwonongeke kwambiri. Mafilimuwa amachititsa kuti, kuphatikizapo hypertriglyceridemia, ma CRP okwera , makilogalamu akuluakulu a LDL cholesterol, komanso ma CDs a cholesterol. (Ndipotu, kaŵirikaŵiri pamakhala ubale wa "see-saw" pakati pa triglyceride ndi HDL ya mitsempha ya cholesterol - yapamwamba imodzi, yotsikira inayo.) Anthu omwe ali ndi insulini kukana amakhalanso ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Mavuto awo onse a matenda a mtima ndi stroke ndi aakulu kwambiri.
Chifukwa chazifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayendera limodzi ndi ma triglyceride, ndizomveka kuti ochita kafukufuku sanafike poti adziwe kuti chiwopsezo chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi hypertriglyceridemia palokha.
Kuyesedwa
Kuyambira ali ndi zaka 20, kuyesa kolesterolini ndi triglycerides kumalimbikitsidwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ndipo ngati mafilimu anu akupezeka kuti akukwezedwa, kubwereza kuyesedwa kumachitika chaka ndi chaka.
- Werengani za kuyesa kolesterol ndi triglycerides .
Nthawi Yomwe Mufuna Chithandizo
Kusankha ngati muyenera kuchiritsidwa kwa mkulu wa cholesterol kapena high triglyceride, ngati mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo mankhwala othandizira mankhwala, komanso mankhwala omwe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse siwongolunjika. Komabe, ngati chiopsezo cha mtima wanu chikukwera, chithandizo choyenera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu anu a lipid mungathe kuchepetsa mwayi wanu wodwala matenda a mtima, kapena ngakhale kufa msanga. Choncho pankhani ya kuchiza kolesterol ndi triglycerides, nkofunika kuti mupeze bwino.
Mawu Ochokera
Mitsempha ya LDL ya cholesterol ndi triglycerides imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima. Ngakhale kuti pali zotsutsana zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa mafuta m'thupi ndi triglyceride zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima, palibe kutsutsana pa izi: Ngati chiopsezo cha mtima wanu chikukwera muyenera kuchepetsa; Komanso, zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiwerengero chanu chodziwika bwino chidzakuthandizani kuchepetsa vuto lanu la mtima. Choncho, aloleni akatswiri amakayikira za njira zomwe cholesterol ndi triglycerides zimakhudzana ndi matenda a mtima. Muyenera kuganizira kwambiri kuti mutenge njira zomwe zatsimikiziridwa kuti muchepetse nokha, pangozi iliyonse.
> Zotsatira:
> Ford, ES, Li, C, Zhao, G, et al. Hypertriglyceridemia ndi Pharmacologic Treatment Pakati pa Okalamba a US. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 572.
> Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, ndi al. 2013 ACC / AHA Malangizo pa Chithandizo cha Magazi a Cholesterol Pochepetsa Matenda a Atherosclerotic Aakuluakulu: Lipoti la American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013.