Ngati mwakhala mukuyang'anitsitsa cholesterol yanu kale, mwinamwake mwawona mitundu yambiri ya cholesterol yolembedwa pa zotsatira za labu yanu. LDL, VLDL, HDL - kodi onse akutanthauzanji? Mitundu yonse ya cholesterol ikhoza kukhala ndi ziwalo zofanana, koma ntchito zawo m'thupi ndi zosiyana. Kudzala kapena kutsika kwa ena mwa mitundu iyi ya cholesterol kungapangitse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda a mtima.
Cholesterol ndi triglycerides ndi mafuta molekyulu. Chifukwa cha mafuta awo, samatha kufalitsa mosavuta m'magazi. Kuti cholesterol ndi triglycerides aziyenda m'magazi, nthawi zambiri amanyamula mapuloteni omwe amachititsa kuti mafuta a cholesterol ndi triglycerides azisungunuka m'magazi. Izi zimaphatikizidwa kuti lipidrotein ndi lipoprotein. Pamene triglycerides ndi cholesterol amachotsedwa ku chipoprotein complex, ndipo muli ndi mapuloteni okha, chipuloteni chimatchulidwa ngati apolipoprotein. Mitundu yosiyana ya apolipoprotein imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma lipoproteins osiyanasiyana.
Pali mitundu isanu yosiyana ya lipoprotein m'magazi, ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amagawidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwawo. Mitundu yayikulu ya lipoproteins yomwe imafufuzidwa muzithunzi zamapiko ndi:
- Low Low-Densityity Lipoproteins (VLDL). Ma lipoprotein amenewa amakhala ndi triglycerides, ma cholesterol, komanso mapuloteni ochepa. Mafuta ambiri omwe lipoprotein ali nawo, osalimba kwambiri omwe ali nawo. Pachifukwa ichi, VLDL ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa ma lipoprotein ambiri chifukwa cha mapepala omwe ali pamwamba. VLDL imapangidwa m'chiwindi ndipo imayambitsa kupatsa triglycerides ku maselo m'thupi, zomwe zimafunika kuti zitsulo zikhalepo. Pamene triglycerides imatulutsidwa ku maselo, VLDL imapangidwa ndi mafuta ochepa komanso mapuloteni ambiri, amasiya cholesterol pa molekyulu. Pamene ndondomekoyi ikuchitika, VLDL idzakhala mamembala a LDL.
- Kutsika Kwambiri Kwambiri Lipoproteins (LDL). LDL ili ndi cholesterol kwambiri kuposa triglycerides ndi mapuloteni. Chifukwa chakuti muli ndi mankhwala ochepa komanso mapuloteni ochepa poyerekezera ndi VLDL, mphamvu zake ndi zazikulu. LDL ndi yonyamula cholesterol ku maselo amene amafunikira. Mipamwamba ya LDL imakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mtima. Mitundu ina ya LDL - makamaka yaing'ono, yochuluka LDL (sdLDL) ndi oxidized LDL (oxLDL) - yathandizira kupanga mapangidwe a atherosclerosis mwa kuika mafuta pamakoma a mitsempha m'thupi. Popeza kuchuluka kwa LDL kumagwirizana ndi kukula kwa mtima wamtima, LDL imadziwikanso kuti "cholesterol" choipa.
- Mwamba-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Poyerekeza ndi LDL, HDL imakhala ndi cholesterol pang'ono ndi mapuloteni ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lipoproteinyo ikhale yovuta kwambiri. HDL imapangidwa m'chiwindi ndi m'matumbo. Ndiyo yonyamula cholesterol kuchokera ku maselo mpaka chiwindi. Chifukwa chaichi, HDL imatchedwanso "cholesterol" chabwino.
Palinso ma lipoprotein omwe amagwiranso ntchito potumiza mafuta ku maselo, koma kaŵirikaŵiri samayikidwa muzithunzi zamakono. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Chylomicrons. Ma lipoprotein amenewa ndi ochepa kwambiri mwa lipoproteins onse. Mamolekyu ameneŵa makamaka amapangidwa ndi triglycerides ndi pang'ono mapuloteni. Chylomicrons ali ndi udindo wonyamula lipids kuchokera m'matumbo mpaka m'maselo m'thupi.
- Kuchulukitsa kwapakati Lipoprotein (IDL). Ma lipoprotein ameneŵa ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa ma molelolo a LDL koma ndi owopsa kuposa VLDL particles. Pamene triglycerides pa VLDL yathyoledwa ndi maselo omwe amafunikira, tinthu timakhala tambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mapiritsi ndi mapuloteni. Izi zimachititsa kuti VLDL isandulike kukhala IDL. Pamene triglycerides ndi cholesterol zimaperekedwa ku maselo ambiri m'thupi, IDL idzasanduka LDL pang'onopang'ono.
> Zotsatira:
> Baron RB. Matenda a Lipid. Mu: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. eds. Kufufuza kwa Zamankhwala Zamakono ndi Chithandizo 2015 . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2014.
> Rader DJ, Hobbs HH. Kusokonezeka kwa Lipoprotein Metabolism. Mu: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Mfundo za Harrison za Internal Medicine, 19e. New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2015.