Mukudziwa momwe galu wanu amatha kusokonezeka kwa mantha nthawi iliyonse pomwe pali zida zozizira zamoto pafupi ndi bedi, osakhoza kutonthozedwa? Eya, malinga ndi akatswiri ena, galuyo imatha kukhala chinachake.
Vuto Ndi Zomangamanga
Padziko lonse lapansi komanso kwa zaka mazana angapo, kuphulika kwakukulu, kowala, kokongola, kokondweretsa komwe kumapangidwa ndi zida zozimitsa moto kwakhala chinthu chokondedwa pa zikondwerero zosiyanasiyana.
(Zowona kuti China chinapanga zida zowonjezera moto zaka 2000 zapitazo, koma panthaŵi yomwe anazigwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zowonjezereka, monga kuopseza mizimu ndi anthu ena.)
Choncho, zingakhale zodabwitsa kudziwa kuti akatswiri a khalidwe la mpweya, komanso akatswiri ambiri a pulmonary, awona kuti mafilimu amawoneka ndi mantha. Mafilimu, omwe tsopano tikudziwa, angapangitse ziwonongeko zowonongeka kwa mpweya, ndi mankhwala ena owopsya kwambiri. Choipa kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa zowonongeka kwa moto kungayambitse mavuto a zachipatala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mapepala ndi mapepala omwe alipo kale.
Mafilimu ndi Mpweya wa Air
Akatswiri ambiri ofufuza zachilengedwe akhala akufufuza khalidwe la mpweya pambuyo pa zikodzo, pamadera ambiri kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Maphunziro onsewa asonyeza kuti zozimitsa moto zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zinyansa zambirimbiri zomwe palibe yemwe angafune kupuma.
Zojambula zamoto zimakhala zolimba kwambiri zipolopolo zamagetsi zomwe zimayaka bwino kwambiri kuti zitha kuchititsa chidwi kwambiri mwanayo ndi zooneka ngati atayamwa.
Phulusa lakuda (chisakanizo cha makala, sulfure, ndi potaziyamu nitrate) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa chipolopolocho kukhala chokwera mumlengalenga, ndiyeno (pogwiritsa ntchito fuseti yanthaŵi yake) kuti awononge kupasuka. Kuphulika kumapangitsa "nyenyezi" (zinthu zing'onozing'ono, zozungulira zomwe zimayaka pang'onopang'ono pamene zinayaka) kumbali yonse. Ndi nyenyezi zomwe zimabweretsa kuwala, komwe kumatitonthoza kwambiri.
Nyenyezi zokhazo zikhoza kukhala ndi zipolopolo zawo zing'onozing'ono, zomwe zimapanga mabomba ambirimbiri.
Mankhwala ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yonseyo yomwe timawona pamene ziphuphu zimaphulika. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a sodium amapanga chikasu; mankhwala a Barium amapanga masamba; mankhwala amkuwa amapanga blues; ndi strontium ndi lithiamu mankhwala amapanga reds. Mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, monga kutsogolera, arsenic, manganese, aluminium, cadmium, ndi chitsulo.
Mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala yomwe imayendetsedwa mumlengalenga pamene ziphuphu zimaphulika sizingathetsedwe ndi kuyaka. Izi ndizoonekeratu kwa wina aliyense amene wawona utsi wonse, ndipo akumva mpweya wa acrid, pafupi ndi zowonetsera zamoto. Zikuoneka kuti zozimitsa moto zimapanga kuchuluka kwa kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya.
Kuwonjezera pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zowonongeka zomwe zimayambitsa kutentha kwa ma hydrocarboni (monga carbon dioxide, sulfuri dioxide ndi carbon monoxide), zida zowomba moto zimatulutsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'mlengalenga. Zambiri mwa zinthuzi zimakhala ngati mawonekedwe apakati , omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kulowa mkati mwa mapapu athu pamene tikupuma. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zida zozimitsa moto nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zida.
Kafukufuku wochuluka wa khalidwe la mpweya m'madera omwe ali pafupi ndi ziwonetsero zamoto zimasonyezeratu kuti pali kuwonjezereka kwachangu komanso kwakukulu pazinthu zokhudzana ndi kuipitsa mpweya. Kutha kwa ubwino wa mpweya pambuyo pa ntchito zozimitsa moto, ndipo malo amtunduwo amakhudzidwa, amasiyana mosiyanasiyana, ndipo akugwirizana ndi malo ozungulira malo, komanso (makamaka) kuti azitha kuwonetsa nyengo, monga mphepo, kutentha, ndi chinyezi. Koma kawirikawiri, khalidwe la mpweya limakhudzidwa kwa maola angapo pambuyo poyatsa moto.
Kodi Ndi Matenda Otani Achipatala Amene Aphatikizidwa ndi Zomangamanga Zowonetsera?
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mpweya wambiri wamtunduwu, wa kukula komwe kumawotchedwa ndi zowonjezera moto, ukhoza kuyambitsa mavuto a pulmonary kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe alipo kale.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD) , mapulogalamu apamwamba a zinthu zakuthambo amathandizidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezereka kwa dyspnea (kupuma pang'ono), kuwonongeka kwa maphunzilo , ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito kuchipatala ndi imfa. Nazi zambiri pa kuipitsa mpweya ndi COPD. Ngakhale vuto lalikulu lachipatala likuwonjezereka silinagwirizanitsidwe molumikizana ndi ziwonetsero zamoto, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti mankhwala opangidwa ndi magetsi angabweretse mavuto omwewo.
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu , kuwonongeka kwa mpweya komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi zipsyinjo zamoto kukuwonetsa bwino kwambiri kuti zikuwonetsa zizindikiro. Makamaka, kuthamanga kwa mphumu ndi mphumu zimatha msanga kwambiri poyang'ana pafupi ndi zojambula pamoto. Imfa imodzi imayesedwa ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha mphumu, zomwe zimabweretsa kumangidwa kwa mtima , mwa mkazi yemwe anali ndi utsi wambiri wochokera kumoto.
Ngakhale kuti matenda a mtima ndi mavuto ena a mtima sanawonetseke chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mpweya woipa pamoto, chifukwa chilichonse chochepetsera mpweya wa okosijeni chingakhale choopsa kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a mtima. Anthu omwe ali ndi angina osayendetsedwa bwino, kapena amene ali ndi vuto la mtima , akhoza kukhala pachiopsezo chachikulu.
Mmene Mungapewere Mavuto Amtundu Wokhudza Zipatala
Sitikukayikira kuti mitundu yambiri yoipitsidwa yomwe imapangidwa ndi zida zozimitsa moto ikuwoneka ngati yovuta. Komabe, mavuto azachipatala omwe amasonyeza kuti amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kuchokera ku zitsulo zamoto zimakhala zofanana kwambiri ndi mavuto azachipatala omwe amachititsidwa ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya wina uliwonse.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndikuti, mosiyana ndi momwe mpweya umayendera, kuipitsa kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi zida zowonongeka kumakhala kosakhalitsa - komanso bwino komabe, kukonzedweratu. Chizoloŵezi cha chiwonetsero choyambitsa chiwonongeko cha mlengalenga nthawi zambiri chimatipatsa ife mwayi wopewa mavuto palimodzi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito luntha ndikofunikira. Ngati muli ndi asthma kapena COPD amene amapeza kuti ndibwino kutsatira ndondomeko ya Air Quality (AQI) kuti muteteze kuwonjezereka kwa zizindikiro zanu, ndiye kuti mumakhalanso munthu amene muyenera kupewa kuyandikana ndi ziwonetsero zamoto. Ngati mumapezeka pafupi ndi malo owonetsera moto, muyenera kupita kutali kwambiri monga momwe mungathere, makamaka mwa njira yoyendetsa. Ngati mungathe kulowa mnyumba, chitani (makamaka pamalo okwera ndi mpweya). Ngati mumakhala pafupi, yesetsani kukhala m'nyumba mpaka m'mawa mwake.
Ngati ndinu munthu amene ali ndi mphumu yomwe simungathe kudziletsa kuti musamawonongeke, muyenera kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito fyuluta yovomerezeka (N95 yomwe imavomerezedwa ndi N95), kuti muzisunga nkhani yanu kuchokera ku airways, ndipo onetsetsani kuti muli ndi anu pulumutsani mwachangu ndi inu.
Ngati muli ndi thanzi labwino, ndiye kuti chiopsezo chanu chachisawawa kuti mukhale ndi zida zowonjezera moto sichikuwoneka bwino. Komabe, sitidziwa kuti zotsatira za nthawi yaitali zingakhale zotani (ngati zilipo) kupuma mitundu yambiri yazitsulo ndi zinthu zina zowonongeka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ziphuphu zamoto. Izi sizingatheke kukhala zabwino kwa inu. Kotero zikuwoneka kuti ndizoluntha kuona malo opangira moto akuwoneka patali, kuti muchepetse kuyang'ana kwanu. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, kukhala ndi maso oopsya ndi fungo lamakono kumatanthauza kuti mukuyima kwambiri-ndipo muyenera kulingalira za kusamukira ku malo osiyana.
Mawu Ochokera
Mafilimu amawonetsa mlengalenga ndi zowonongeka kwakukulu, ndipo kuipitsa komweku kumaphatikizapo zinthu zina zoipa kwambiri. Komabe, pakadali pano mavuto a zachipatala omwe amatsimikiziridwa kuti amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kotereku amawoneka kuti ndi ochepa kwa anthu omwe alipo kale, chifukwa cha mphumu. Ngati muli ndi zina mwazimenezi muyenera kuyesetsa kupewa kukhala pafupi, ndipo makamaka kupita m'nyumba, pamene ziphuphu zikuphulika. Aliyense ayenera kuyesetsa kusangalala ndi zozimitsa moto kuchokera kutali.
> Zotsatira:
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