Kupweteka kwa mphumu, kapena kusinthasintha zochita zolimbitsa thupi, kumayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo ndi zizindikiro za mphumu monga kupuma, mpweya wochepa , kutsokomola, ndi chifuwa chomwe chimayamba m'katikati mwa maseŵera olimbitsa thupi. Zimakhudza 7 mpaka 20 peresenti ya anthu ambiri.
Ngakhale kuti mwinamwake mwamvapo za masewero olimbitsa thupi omwe amachititsa kuti mphumu isamayambe, wopereka mphumu wanu wa mphumu mwinamwake akunena za izo monga EIB.
Madokotala a mphumu amakonda dzina la EIB pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi chifukwa chochita masewera olimbitsa thupi si chiwopsezo cha mphumu , koma zimakhala zovuta.
Zizindikiro
Zisonyezero za mphumu yotchedwa asthma ikhoza kuchitika patangopita nthawi yochepa yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena maminiti 10 mpaka 15 mu nthawi yayitali. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi monga asthma ndi:
- Kupuma pang'ono
- Chimake cha chifuwa
- Kukuda
Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimatsutsana ndi kupuma mu mphindi zosachepera 30 mpaka 60. Nyengo yozizira imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro.
Kudziwa
Odwala omwe amadziwika ndi matenda a mphumu omwe amawona zizindikiro nthawi yomwe amatha kapena atatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, dokotala nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a mphumu pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro ndi wodwalayo. Nthaŵi zambiri dokotala sangafune kufufuza koyezetsa magazi kupatula ngati zochitika za odwala zimapangitsa kuti zizindikiro za asthma zisapitirire kapena zizindikiro zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asiye kusokonezeka sizitetezedwa ndi zina mwazomwe zili pansipa.
Ngati mulibe matenda a chifuwa cha mphumu, koma kuti mukhale ndi mpweya wochepa, chifuwa chofufumitsa, ndi kutsokomola pakapita nthawi kapena mutatha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kufufuziranso n'kofunika kuti muwonetsetse kuti zizindikiro sizili chifukwa cha matenda ena, monga matenda a mtima.
Kawirikawiri, mawonekedwe a masewero olimbitsa thupi ndi pre-post-exercise exercise a spirometry amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira zochitika zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a asthma.
Kawirikawiri, mumachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena njinga mpaka mutakwanitsa 85 peresenti ya chiwerengero chanu cha mtima choyembekezeka. Mukuonedwa kuti mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi - munapangitsa asthma ngati FEV1 (kuthamangitsidwa ndi mphamvu yozizira) imagwera ma oposa 10 peresenti ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Omwe amapereka chisamaliro cha mphumu angayamikire mayeso a bronchoprovocation test , koma izi sizomwe zimaphatikizapo mphumu yotchedwa asthma. Mofananamo, kuyerekezera chiwongoladzanja choyambirira chisanafike ndi kumapeto kwa masewero olimbitsa thupi sikuvomerezedwa kuti apeze matenda a mphumu chifukwa chakuti zotsatira zake sizolondola.
Zina zomwe zimayambitsa mpweya wochepa, chifuwa chofufumitsa, ndi chifuwa chomwe chimayesa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi chiyenera kuonedwa. Izi ndizofunika kwambiri ngati simukuwonetsa zizindikiro zina za mphumu ndipo simungapindule ndi zina zomwe zatchulidwa pansipa. Zina zomwe dokotala wanu angaganizire zikuphatikizapo:
Kupewa
Ngati simunayambe kulamulira mphumu ndi zizindikiro zozizwitsa pogwiritsa ntchito masewero olimbitsa thupi, kuchiza mphumu yosagwidwa bwino kungakhale njira yopindulitsa kwambiri kwa inu. Kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a asthma kawirikawiri kamaletsedwa pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala awa:
- Bronchodilator : Kugwiritsa ntchito ziwombankhanga ziwiri za mankhwala opulumutsa mofulumira monga Albuterol kapena Formoterol Mphindi 10 asanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungalepheretse zizindikiro za asthma zomwe zimayambitsa zolimbitsa thupi.
- Cromolyn sodium (Intal): Sodium ya Cromolyn ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popewera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi mankhwala opulumutsa mofulumira.
Kwa ana ndi akulu omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi patsiku ndipo samatha kumwa mankhwala musanachite chilichonse, bronchodilator (LABA) kapena leukotriene inhibitor angagwiritsidwe ntchito:
- Mankhwala a bronchodilator omwe akhala akutalika kwa nthawi yayitali: LABAs ngati Salmeterol ndi Formoterol, ngakhale kuti sichivomerezedwa ngati mankhwala okhawo a mphumu, angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Salmeterol ndi Formoterol ayenera kutenga 30 ndi mphindi zisanu asanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuposa maola khumi ndi awiri.
- Leukotriene inhibitors: Leukotriene inhibitors monga Montelukast (Singulair) ndi Zafirlukast (Zolondola) zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kupewa zizindikiro zochititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi matenda a asthma kwa odwala omwe amafunika kutetezedwa nthawi yaitali kapena akuvutika kugwiritsa ntchito inhalers. Ngati mumakhala ndi zizindikiro za magudumu kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena mukuiwala kumwa mankhwala musanayambe kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi, mudzafuna kugwiritsa ntchito njira yanu yopulumutsira inhaler ndikutsata ndondomeko yanu ya chifuwa cha mphumu .
> Zotsatira:
> O'Byrne PM. Maphunziro a Odwala: Kupangitsa munthu kukhala ndi matenda a asthma (Beyond the Basics). Mu: UpToDate. 2017.
> Mphepo WW. Mafupa Ophatikiza Kuchita Zochita. Immunol Clinic Ammwera North Am. 25 (1): 31-43.