Kuwunika ndi Kuzindikira kwa Anthu pa Mliri Wowonjezera ndi Wowonjezereka
Zaka zochepa, zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, machitidwe oyendetsa khansa ya kondomu amasinthidwa motsatira umboni wa sayansi, njira zatsopano zoyesera, kupezeka, ndi kuthekera kwachuma. Malangizo atsopano, omwe adaikidwa ndi American College of Gastroenterology, adagawaniza njira zofufuzira m'magulu awiri: kupewa matenda a khansa komanso kufanana ndi khansa.
Mayesero a Kupewa Kanseri
Kuyezetsa koyezetsa matenda a khansa kumayesetsa kupeza zosafunikira muzitsulo musanayambe khansa.
Mwa munthu wamba, zingatenge zaka 10 mpaka 20 kuti ziphuphu zisinthe kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena adenoma kupita ku adenocarcinoma, yomwe ndi yofala kwambiri ya khansa yamtunda.
Kafukufuku wamakono owonetsetsa nthawi zonse komanso kuchotsedwa kwa anthu osalimba (osakhala ndi khansa) kungachepetse chiopsezo cha moyo wanu kuti mukhale ndi kansa ya coloni ndi 80 peresenti, malinga ndi American Cancer Society. Kuyesedwa kozoloŵera kafukufuku wothandizira khansa kumaphatikizapo:
- Colonoscopy
- Computed tomography colonoscopy (pafupifupi colonoscopy)
- Sigmoidoscopy yovuta
- Kusiyanitsa kawiri ka barium enema (DCBE)
Kuwunika Kuwopsa Kwambiri
Ambiri mwa anthu amapezeka pachiopsezo choteteza kansalu ku colon ndipo amalimbikitsidwa kuti ayambe kuyesedwa ali ndi zaka 50 (kapena 45 ngati muli African American). Inu mumatchedwa kuti muli ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi khansa yamtundu:
- Ngati mulibe chiwerengero choyamba cha khansa (ngati mukutero, ayenera kuti ali ndi khansara ya coloni atakwanitsa zaka 60 kapena muli pa chiopsezo chowonjezeka).
- Ngati simukusuta kapena kumwa mowa kwambiri.
- Ngati mulibe mbiri yakale ya khansa, khansara yamtundu, kapena mapuloteni.
- Ngati mulibe ziwalo zina za mthupi zomwe zimakuchititsani kuti mukhale ndi khansa ya m'matumbo (Peutz-Jeghers, a adenomatous polyposis, omwe ali ndi nthenda yosabadwa ya khansa).
- Ngati mulibe matenda a zilonda zam'mimba, matenda a Crohn, kapena matenda otupa.
Pamapeto pake, msinkhu umene mukuyamba kuyang'anira khansa ya colon siyikidwa pamwala. Dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito malangizo awa ngati ndondomeko ya zolembera koma akhoza kulimbikitsa kuyesa poyamba ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya colon kapena matenda ena a m'mimba.
Pakati pa chiopsezo chachikulu, kuyerekezera kachitidwe kowunika kumafunika kutsatira ndandanda iyi, pokhapokha ngati chinthu chosavomerezeka chikupezeka:
- Colonoscopy-zaka 10 zilizonse
- Computed tomography colonoscopy (pafupifupi colonoscopy) -kapena zaka zisanu ngati mayesero ena kuti asapangidwe ndi colonoscopy
- Zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazaka zisanu zilizonse monga njira yowonjezereka kwa colonoscopy
- Zojambula za barium enema (DCBE) ziwiri-zaka zisanu zilizonse
Ngati mayesero ena osati a colonoscopy ali ndi kafukufuku wosasinthasintha, mufunikirabe colonoscopy kuti mutsimikize zomwe zapeza (ndipo mutha kuchotsa mapepala kapena kukula pang'ono, ngati kuli kofunikira).
Kuwunika Kwambiri Kapena Kuopsa Kwambiri
Ngati mukuwonjezeka kapena muli pangozi yaikulu yopanga khansara yamtundu, mayesero anu owonetsetsa adzachitika kawirikawiri. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti muwone ngati inshuwalansi yanu imayesa kuyesedwa , monga makampani ena amafunira umboni wa kuwonjezeka kwanu kapena chiopsezo chachikulu (monga zotsatira zowonetsera mafupa).
Ngakhale kuti zatsimikiziridwa pazochitika chifukwa cha dokotala wanu, mukhoza kukhala m'gulu lomwe likuwonjezeka kapena lalikulu:
- Ngati muli ndi wachibale woyamba (kapena wachiwiri-digiri-relative) ndi khansara ya colon yomwe imapezeka musanafike zaka 60.
- Ngati muli ndi mbiri ya khansa.
- Ngati muli ndi mbiri ya polyps.
- Ngati inu kapena wachibale wa digirii yoyamba muli Peutz-Jeghers, a adenomatous polyposis a banja lanu, omwe simulandira cholowa chawo chokhachokha, kapena ena odwala matenda a kansa.
- Ngati muli ndi zilonda za ulcerative, matenda a Crohn, kapena matenda ena opweteka.
Njira zowunikira anthu owonjezeka komanso oopsa kwambiri zimasiyana malinga ndi zomwe zimawaika m'magulu awo-mbiri yakale ya kansa ya coloni, polyps, khansa yambiri ya khansa syndromes, kapena kuwonjezeka kwa banja.
- Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja la khansara yam'koloni , mayesero oyesera kufufuza ayenera kuyamba pa zaka 40 kapena 10 asanakwane kaye kaye kansa ya khansa m'banja mwanu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati amayi anu atapezeka kuti ali ndi khansara pazaka 45, muyenera kuyamba kufufuza pazaka 35. Dokotala wanu akhoza kulimbikitsa colonoscopy zaka zisanu zilizonse, malingana ndi mphamvu zazifukwa zomwe mumakhala nazo.
- Ngati muli ndi mbiri yakale ya ma pulogalamu yam'mbuyo (koma osati khansa), mafupipafupi anu owonetsera amadalira nambala ndi mtundu wa mapulogalamu omwe anapezeka ndi kuchotsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi adenomas imodzi kapena awiri, mumakhala ndi colonoscopy zaka zisanu kapena zisanu mutatha kuchotsedwa. Komabe, ngati mutachotsa mapepala 10 kapena kuposa, mukhoza kutero colonoscopy zaka zitatu iliyonse ndipo dokotala wanu angalimbikitse kuyesa kwa majeremusi ma syndromes ovuta.
- Ngati muli ndi mbiri yakale ya kansa yamakono , nthawi yanu yoyang'ana ikudalira pa siteji ndi kalasi ya khansa yanu komanso njira yogwiritsira ntchito ( opaleshoni ndi colonoscopy). Mayeso anu owonetsera maulendo angakhale ochuluka monga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena itatu, malingana ndi zinthu, thanzi lanu, ndi lingaliro lanu.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opweteka kwambiri amatha kuyeza mayeso ambiri, koma ngati matumbo akuluwo akuphatikizidwa. Dokotala wanu adzakhala ndi malingaliro enieni kwa inu, pogwiritsa ntchito chitukuko cha matenda a m'magazi.
- Ngati muli ndi (kapena muli ndi mbiri ya banja) yamtundu uliwonse wa khansa yosautsa khansa , kuyang'ana kwanu kungayambe kukhala ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri (12). Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha sigmoidoscopies chikhale chokonzeka chaka chilichonse chiyambireni zaka 12 za anthu omwe amadziwika ndi adenomatous syposrome. Ngati muli ndi nthenda yosabadwa ya khansa yopanda malire (HNPCC kapena Lynch Syndrome), kufufuza mayeso kungayambe msinkhu wa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri (20), ndikukhala ndi colonoscopies nthawi zonse mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Pakalipano, palibe ndondomeko yoyenera kwa anthu omwe ali ochepa kwambiri, osuta, kapena kumwa mowa kwambiri. Komabe, akulimbikitsidwa kuti aganizire mayesero oyamba poyesa zochitika poyambirira kusiyana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, kuyambira pa zaka 45.
Mayeso a Kuzindikira Khansa
Mayeso ogwiritsidwa ntchito amatenga kuti azindikire khansara pamene ilipo, kuti asadziteteze kapena ayike msanga. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kuyesedwa kwa-stool-mayesero omwe amafufuzira m'magazi omwe amapezeka m'magazi ndi mayesero omwe amayang'ana ma maselo a kansa omwe amakhetsedwa m'mabedi (DNA test).
Mayeserowa amatha kumaliza kunyumba, pogwiritsa ntchito chida chachitsulo masiku angapo. Dokotala wanu adzakupatsani malangizo apadera musanayambe kukambirana, komwe kumaphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa ndi kubwezera malangizo a zitsanzo.
Kuyesedwa kwachitetezo kuyenera kumalizidwa chaka ndi chaka, mutatha tsiku la kubadwa kwa 50 kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu:
- Mayeso a magazi a Fecal (FOBT) -chaka chonse
- Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) -chaka chilichonse
- Yesani DNA kuyesa-zaka zitatu zilizonse
Zotsatira:
American Cancer Society. Buku Lopatulika la American Cancer Society Loyamba kwa Khansa Yoyamba . Clifton Fields, NE: American Cancer Society.
American Cancer Society. (nd). Kufufuza Koyamba Kwambiri Kansalu.
American Cancer Society. (nd). Maphunziro a American Cancer Society Akuthandizani Kufufuza Koyambirira kwa Khansa Yoyamba.
Rex, DK, Johnson, DA, Anderson, JC, et al. (February 2009). Buku la American College of Gastroenterology Malangizo Othandiza Kuyeza Khansa Yoyamba 2008.