Malo amodzi ochititsa chidwi a malo ochita kafukufuku wautali pa telomeres, omwe ndi "ndondomeko" kumapeto kwa chromosomes yathu, zopangidwa ndi zochitika za DNA yosakhala yolemba. Telomeres imathandiza kwambiri paumoyo waumunthu komanso asayansi omwe anapeza kuti adalandira Nobel Mphoto mu Physiology kapena Medicine mu 2009.
Pamene maselo ali pafupi kugawa, DNA iyenera kufotokozedwa.
Mavitamini omwe amachititsa kubwezeretsa amayamba ndi kutsekemera mpaka kumapeto kwa chromosome. Gawo la chromosome limene makina ophatikizira amalumikiza sangathe kukopera, motero kusagwirizana kwa selo iliyonse, chromosome iyenera kukhala yopfupika. Kufupikitsa kwa Telomere ndi chizindikiro cha ukalamba wamakono. Telomeres ndi magulu a DNA kumapeto kwa ma chromosomes omwe amapereka malo oti makina obwereza kuti agwirizane, kotero kuti chingwe cha DNA chingathe kujambula kwathunthu. Kuti pakhale kubwezeretsa kwina, payenera kukhala ndi telomere yokwanira kuti apereke malo a mavitamini obwerezabwereza kuti agwirizane, kusunga ma jekeseni olembedwa ndi ma genetiki omwe ali oyenera komanso omwe angapezeke kuti ayesedwe. Ngati telomere ifupika kwambiri, kubwezeretsa DNA kumatayika, ndipo selo sangathe kugawa. Maselo ali ndi njira zopangira ma telomere. Enzyme telomerase imamanganso telomere, kuti ikhale ndifupikitsa chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kumene kumachitika ndi magawano onse a selo.
Kukalamba kwa maselo kumapangitsa kuti maselo a Senescence ayambe
Kukalamba kwa maselo, komwe kumaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa telomere ndi kuwonongeka kwa DNA, pamapeto pake kumabweretsa senescence, chikhalidwe cha kumangidwa kwa magulu. Selo akadali wamoyo, koma osati wathanzi ndipo sangathe kugawa. Pamene maselo ochulukirapo m'thupi amakhala okhwima, makamaka minofu ikukalamba, ntchito yake imachotsedwa.
Selo lopanda mphamvu silingakwanitse kuchita maselo amtundu wa maselo, imachititsa kuti minofu ikhale yothetsera kuwonongeka, ndipo zimatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito za maselo oyandikana nawo komanso zimalimbikitsa chitukuko cha khansa.
Manambala Ochepa Akugwirizana ndi Matenda
Ntchito yotchedwa Telomere ndi telomerase ikhoza kuyesedwa m'maselo oyera a magazi, ndipo izi zapangitsa ochita kafukufuku kuti azifufuza zinthu ndi matenda zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi makina amenewa.
Kufufuza kwaumunthu, kuchepa kwa telomere kutalika kapena kuchepa kwa telomerase kwachitika ndi matenda angapo osatha, omwe angapewe matenda, kuphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a mtima, insulini kukana, mtundu wa shuga 2, kuvutika maganizo, kufooka kwa thupi, ndi kunenepa kwambiri.
Zakudya ndi Zamoyo Zomwe Zimakhudza Matenda a Telomere
Zochitika za Telomere ndi telomerase zimakhudzidwa ndi zokhudzana ndi majini ndi zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo zakudya ndi zosankha za moyo. Mitengo yapamwamba ya masamba ndi zipatso, zakudya zamagetsi, vitamini ndi mineral, komanso zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi zimayenderana ndi ma telomere otalika komanso ntchito yochuluka ya telomerase. Kusunga ma telomere kumawoneka kuti ndi chimodzi mwa njira zambiri zomwe makhalidwe abwino a moyo amathandizira kukhala ndi moyo kwautali.
Zotsatira:
Burton DG, Krizhanovsky V. Zotsatira zowonongeka ndi zovuta za ma senesicence. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014, 71: 4373-4386.
Cassidy A, De Vivo I, Liu Y, et al. Mgwirizano pakati pa zakudya, zifukwa za moyo, ndi kutalika kwa akazi mu telomere. Am J Clin Nutr 2010, 91: 1273-1280.
Deng W, Cheung ST, Tsao SW, et al. Ntchito ya Telomerase ndi kugwirizana ndi maganizo a maganizo, matenda a maganizo, zokhudzana ndi moyo ndi zowonjezera: Kukonzekera mwachidwi. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016, 64: 150-163.
Zotsatira za moyo wawo wonse zimasintha pa ntchito ya telomerase ndi kutalika kwa telomere mwa amuna omwe ali ndi khansa ya prostate yoopsya kwambiri yomwe ikuwonetseredwa ndi biopsy: Zaka zisanu zotsatila phunziro loyendetsa ndege.
Marcon F, Siniscalchi E, Crebelli R, et al. Kutchuka kwa telomere zokhudzana ndi kudya zakudya komanso kuchepa kwa chromosome. Mutagenesis 2012, 27: 49-57.