Chirema chodziwika kuti microcephaly chinasamalidwa mu 2016 chifukwa cha Zika kachilomboka , komwe kanali kufalikira ku Brazil ndi mbali zina za Latin America, zomwe zinachititsa kuti World Health Organization iwonetsere boma ladzidzidzi. Vutoli linapezeka kuti limayambitsa vuto la kubadwa.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC) zikupitiriza kupereka uphungu kwa amayi apakati akubwerera kumadera ena ndi Zika chifukwa chodera nkhawa kuti matenda a amayi pachigawo chilichonse cha mimba akhoza kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha microcephaly.
CDC imalimbikitsanso omwe akukonzekera kutenga mimba kuti akambirane ndi dokotala ngati akuganiza zoyenda kupita kumadera okhudzidwa.
Kodi Microcephaly Ndi Chiyani?
Microcephaly ndipamene mutu wa mwana ndi waung'ono kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuyembekezera. Liwuli limatanthawuza zazing'ono ( yaying'ono mu Chilatini) ndi mutu ( cephaly mu Chigiriki). Ndizosaoneka bwino komwe mutu uli waung'ono kwambiri kuposa thupi ndi kuyerekezera ndi ena a msinkhu womwewo.
Izi zikhoza kuzindikiridwa pa kubadwa. Mutu waung'ono nthawi zambiri umatanthauza kuti ubongo siwong'ono chabe, koma wapangidwa mwachilendo. Izi zikhoza kutanthauza kuchepa kwa ubongo kwa ana okhudzidwa. Kuchedwa kwachindunji kudzadalira kukula kwake ndi zenizeni za chitukuko chosadziwika.
Pali kukula kwakukulu kwa mitu ya ana akhanda. Zina ndi zazikulu ndipo zina ndizochepa kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana omwe akufunika kuwongolera. Mitu ya ana imayesedwa kawirikawiri atangobereka komanso paulendo wa dokotala, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka.
Ikhozanso kupezedwa pa ultrasound pa nthawi ya mimba, yomwe ingasonyezenso zina zolakwika. (Izi zikhoza kutanthauzidwa ngati zolepheretsa ziwiri zomwe zili pansipa zomwe zikutanthauza (kapena pafupifupi), kapena zingakhale zosiyana zitatu zomwe zili m'munsimu).
Kodi Microcephaly Imatanthauza Chiyani kwa Ana?
Ndi moyo wonse. Palibe mankhwala omwe angasinthe ngati atapezeka.
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chingafunikire kuchiritsidwa.
Zingathe kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchedwa kwachitukuko (kuchepetsa kulankhula, kukhala pansi, kuima kapena kuyenda), zovuta za nzeru (mavuto ophunzirira kapena ogwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku), kukhumudwa, kuwona mavuto kapena kumva, mavuto akudya ndi kumeza, komanso kuyenda movutikira. Mapulogalamu othandizira otsogolera komanso thandizo linalake komanso zachipatala angathandize ana. Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi maphunziro osiyana siyana.
Kodi Maselo Amng'ono Ali Ndi Mutu Wamng'ono?
Microcephaly nthawi zambiri amagwirizana ndi zofukufuku zina. Pakhoza kukhala mawerengedwe mu ubongo (makasu a calcium omwe sali mu ubongo); ubongo umakhala wochepa kwambiri; mpweyawu ukhoza kukhala wawukulu (umene ndi pamene cerebrospinal fluid yomwe ikuyenda kuzungulira ubongo imadutsa).
Kodi Chimachititsa Bwanji Microcephaly?
Microcephaly sizolowereka. Nthawi zambiri sichipezeka paliponse. Izo sizingayang'ane kapena sizikhoza kulembedwa paliponse.Zomwe matendawa amatengera zimadalira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali kusiyana kwa tanthawuzo la microcephaly ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu kwa mutu.
Microcephaly ikhoza kukhala yoyamba, kumene ubongo sukhalapo kuyambira pachiyambi, zomwe zimakhala ndi majini ambiri. Nthawi zina, microcephaly ikhoza kukhala chifukwa chokhala ndi chromosome imodzi kuposa anthu ambiri.
Microcephaly ingakhalenso yachiwiri, komwe kukula kwa ubongo kumayambira bwino koma kumamiswa kapena minofu yawonongeka.
Microcephaly ingagwirizane ndi kuwonetsa mowa ndi mowa komanso ngakhale kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena kutsogolo kwa mercury. Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuvulala koopsa. Zikhozanso kugwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda a mayi, monga Phenylketonuria (PKU). Nthawi zina zimawoneka ngati kutsegula ndi chifukwa chake koma sizingatheke.
Kodi N'chiyani Chinatipangitsa Kuganiza Kuti Zika Zimayambitsa Microcephaly?
Zika wakhala akudziwika kwa zaka zambiri, koma udindo wawo pakukula kwa makanda sikunadziwidwe konse. Zitha kukhala m'madera omwe anali ofala kwambiri kuti ambiri anali ndi kachilombo ngati ana, asanakhale ndi pakati.
Zingakhale zochepa kwambiri, kufalikira pakati pa anyani ndi udzudzu, amayi ochepa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Kapena mwinamwake kuti ana ochepa okha anabadwira m'maselo omwe anawona microcephaly-ndipo Zika sanawoneke ngati mlidzidzidzidzi-kuti chiyanjano pakati pa zizindikiro zochepa (kapena zosakhalapo) pa mimba sichinali chogwirizana ndi zolakwitsa zina.
Zonsezi zinasintha pamene Zika adafika ndikuyamba kukula mu Western Hemisphere. Palibe yemwe anali ndi chitetezo. Chiwerengero cha udzudzu ndi anthu anali ovuta. Vutoli likufalitsa matenda.
a. Ku Brazil, amayi awiri ndi amayi awiri omwe anabadwa ndi microcephaly anawonetsedwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka Zika, amayi amawauza kuti ali ndi zizindikiro za Zika, ndipo ana awiri obadwawo amasonyezedwa kuti ali ndi Zika mu ubongo wawo womwe sunawathandize.
b. Mwana yemwe anabadwa ku Hawaii anabadwa ndi microcephaly ndipo anapezeka kuti ali ndi Zika mayiyo atakhala ndi zizindikiro pa nthawi yomwe anali ndi pakati pamene ankakhala ku Brazil atangoyamba kumene.
c. Dziko la Brazil linazindikira milandu yambiri kuposa momwe imawonera za microcephaly. Zika kachilombo koyamba kufika mu May 2015, kuyambira October 2015 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa January 2016, opitirira 3500 a microcephaly adapezeka. Mavuto ena anali ovuta kwambiri; ena anamwalira. Ngakhale chidwi ichi ku microcephaly chimachititsa kuti milandu yowonjezereka, yomwe ikanakhala yosanenedwa, iyi ndiyipamwamba kwambiri. Izi zafikira katatu kuposa kuposa.
Izi sizikuwoneka kuti ndizochitika chabe ku Brazil mwadzidzidzi kupeza microcephaly. Ambiri a US amadziwika kuti microcephaly mwa ana awiri mpaka 12 pa kubadwa kwa anthu 10,000. Izi zikanakhala pafupifupi milandu 200 mpaka 1200 mu miyezi itatu ku US, yomwe imawona kubadwa kwina. Brazil ili ndi ana ochepa obadwa (Brazil ili ndi theka la chiwerengero cha kubadwa. Brazil ili ndi zaka zosachepera ziwiri pa atatu alionse a US (200 miliyoni vs. 318 miliyoni) komanso chiwerengero chokwanira chokwanira (15/1000 poyerekeza ndi 13/1000)).
d. Milandu ya microcephaly inali yofala kwambiri m'madera omwe Zita, pafupi ndi Bahia, kumpoto chakumwera kwa Brazil.
f. Ultrasound ku Brazil inasonyeza microcephaly m'ma fetuses awiri pamodzi ndi zizindikiro (monga calcifications) zofanana ndi matenda ena a ubongo. Azimayi onse omwe ali ndi pakati adanena kuti anali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi Zika (koma tsopano zinali zoipa); amniocentesis amavomereza Zika mu amniotic fluid, mwachitsanzo. mu utero matenda.
Chifukwa cha nkhawazi, Ministry of Health ya ku Brazil, CDC ya United States, ndi ena ambiri akuda nkhaŵa za zotsatira za matendawa, mwinamwake wofatsa, angakhale nawo pa makanda.
Nchifukwa chiyani tangophunzira tsopano za Zika?
Zika ndi latsopano ku Western Hemisphere, koma si zachilendo kudziko lapansi. Zapezeka ku Africa komanso posachedwapa ku Asia ndi Pacific Islands. Zakhala zikudziwika kwa zaka zoposa 50. Koma kachilombo kawirikawiri sichipezeka m'makliniki. N'kutheka kuti pakhala pali gulu, mwina sichipezeka.
Kumeneku sikukanakhalanso amayi ambiri omwe ali ndi pakati ndipo amatero kuti 'kusagwirizana kwa microcephaly' sikukanakhalapo, zomwe zikanathandiza kuti pakhale mgwirizano. Muzipatala zomwe zili ndi zochepa zochepa, zolemba sizingasungidwe monga microcephaly, ngakhale zitadziwika. Ana-ngakhale ngakhale fetus-omwe ali ndi microcephaly amphamvu sangakhalenso ndi moyo nthawi yaitali, makamaka ngati chuma chiri chochepa.
Komanso, kumalo kumene kachilombo kawirikawiri kanali kofala, asungwana amatha kulumidwa ndi udzudzu komanso atachiritsidwa asanakwanitse kutenga mimba, choncho pewani vutoli. Izi zimawoneka ndi nkhuku, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ana osati amayi apakati, m'mayiko ngati US asanayambe katemera.
N'zotheka kuti kutuluka mwadzidzidzi kungakhudzire, ngakhale kukulitsa, mphamvu zokhudzana ndi mavairasi.
Kodi Pali Mavairasi Amene Amayambitsa Microcephaly?
Inde, pali zotheka kuti mavairasi ena apangitse vutoli.
Varicella: Vuto lomwe limayambitsa nkhuku lingakhalenso lokongola kwambiri pathupi. Asanayambe katemera, ana ochepa okha anawapanga kukhala opanda matenda. Chotsatira chake, amayi ochepa okha anali pachiopsezo chotenga nkhuku pamene anali ndi pakati. Ambiri anali atachilomboka ndipo adakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi asanakhale ndi pakati. Nthawi zambiri amayi amakhala ndi varicella panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, panali zoopsa zambiri kwa mwanayo. Chimodzi mwa izi chinali microcephaly.
Nkhuku ingakhalenso matenda aakulu kwa amayi.
Rubella: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe tsopano tachotsedwa kumadzulo kwa dziko lapansi kumayambitsa zolepheretsa kubereka ngati amayi ali ndi kachilombo pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba. Chimodzi mwa zofooka izi ndi microcephaly. Ziwalo zoberekera izi- Congenital Rubella Syndrome-zinali zifukwa zambiri zoganizira za kuchotsedwa. Katemera wa Rubella wakhala wofunika kwambiri, kuteteza ana ambiri ndi mabanja awo kuti asakumane ndi mavutowa.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): Vutoli, lomwe ndilofala, limayambitsa matenda ochepa ngati amayi, koma akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zowopsa pa khanda. Matendawa ali ndi chiopsezo cha makumi atatu mpaka 40 peresenti yotumizira kwa mwanayo; pafupifupi mmodzi mwa anayi kapena mmodzi mwa ana asanu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amasonyeza zizindikiro za matenda atabereka. Izi zingachititse kuwonongeka kochulukira-monga kutaya kumva, komanso zosaoneka ndi zosavuta. Ikhozanso kutengera microcephaly.
Toxoplasmosis: Matenda a parasitic angayambitsenso microcephaly. Zingathenso kuwonetsa zizindikiro zina zowonongeka, maso kapena khungu (jaundice), ndi ma calcifications mu ubongo, komanso mavuto a maso ndi madzi akumanga mu ubongo (hydrocephalus).
HIV: Kugonana kwa amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kumakhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kuchipatala. Kwa omwe alibe mwayi wopezera kapena kumwa mankhwala a HIV, pangakhale ngozi kwa mwanayo. Pa zoopsa izi, microcephaly yadziwika nthawi zina.