Dementia Ogwirizana ndi HIV ndi Ena
Monga momwe dzina lake limasonyezera, kachilombo ka HIV kamene kamateteza kachilombo ka HIV. HIV imagonjetsa maselo okhudzana ndi chitetezo otchedwa CD4 abwino T-maselo . Pamene maselowa amafa, thupi limakhala losavuta kudwala ndi khansa yomwe anthu abwinobwino amatha kulimbana nayo.
Chimene anthu ena samazindikira ndi chakuti kachilombo ka HIV komweko kangayambitse mavuto aakulu ngakhale popanda matenda ena.
Imodzi mwa mavutowa ndi HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD) , yomwe imadziwikanso kuti HIV imakhala yovuta kwambiri kapena matenda a AIDS.
Ngakhale kuti ankakonda kuganiza kuti zakhala zikuchitika mwapang'onopang'ono kachirombo ka HIV, tsopano tikuziwona mwa anthu omwe sanakhazikike pa mankhwala awo komanso omwe ali ndi ma CD4 ochuluka.
Matenda Okhudza Matenda Okhudza HIV
Mitundu ya mavuto okhudzidwa okhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV alipo pamtundu waukulu. Pomwe mukukambirana pamodzi, zovuta izi zimatchulidwa ngati Matenda Okhudzana ndi Matenda a Edzi.
Matenda ochepa omwe amagwirizana ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV ndi osowa mtendere, omwe wina amawoneka movuta pa mbali ya kuyezetsa magazi, koma moyo wawo suwonekera. Ngati moyo wa munthuyo ukukhudzidwa koma osati mozama, madokotala ena amatha kudziwa kuti wodwalayo ali ndi vuto laling'ono lakumidzi (MCMD).
Ngati vutoli likuwoneka pa kuyesedwa kwa matenda a ubongo ndipo limasokoneza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, chidziwitso chingathe kukhala cha HIV-Associated Dementia.
Zizindikiro za Dementia Yogwirizana ndi HIV
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kachilombo ka HIV-Associated Dementia (HAD) idzakhala yofanana ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya dementia monga matenda a Alzheimer's.
Izi sizili choncho. Ngakhale kukumbukira kungakhale kovuta monga momwe kungathere pa matenda a Alzheimers, anthu omwe ali ndi HIV / Associated Dementia angakhalenso ovuta kuika maganizo awo kapena kuwamvetsera, omwe sali owonedwa nthawi zonse mu matenda a Alzheimer's. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV amakhalitsa pang'onopang'ono kuposa momwe angaganizire, koma nthawi zambiri amasuntha. Mwa njira iyi, matenda a maganizo omwe amabwera chifukwa cha HIV angathe kufanana ndi matenda a Parkinson (PDD).
Anthu omwe ali ndi ziphuphu angakhalenso ndi kusintha m'maganizo awo monga kusamvera, kumene alibe chifukwa chochita chilichonse. Pamene matendawa akufalikira, akhoza kukhala okhumudwa kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi 5 mpaka 8 peresenti imayambitsa AIDS mania ndi zinthu monga psychoano.
Chifukwa cha NT
HIV imalowa m'katikati mwa mitsempha yam'mimba (CNS) patangopita kanthawi kochepa. Ngakhale kuti ubongo umatetezedwa ndi zidulo zingapo zomwe zimatchedwa kuti magazi-ubongo , maselo ena oteteza ku chitetezo, monga macrophages , amatha kudutsa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi nzeru zambiri. Kawirikawiri, maselowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda. Komabe, mu HIV, maselo akunyamula matendawa. Ziri ngati ngati kuvala ngati mlonda kuti aloŵe mu linga.
Kamodzi mu ubongo, kachilomboka sikalowa m'maselo ammitsempha okha koma amawapweteka mwachindunji poyambitsa kupweteka.
Zinthu Zowopsa kwa Odala
Zoopsa zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kukhala ndi HIV zimaphatikizapo kusamalidwa kwa mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo ka HIV . Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe wina wodwala kachilombo ka HIV ndi kofunika kwambiri kuposa momwe CD4 yawerengera.
Kufufuza kwa OLEMBEDWA
Chifukwa chakuti kachilombo ka HIV kamapangitsa anthu kukhala ndi mavuto ena omwe angayambitse kusintha maganizo, monga matenda ndi khansa, kufufuza koyenera kumafunidwa pamene wina yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amasintha momwe amaganizira.
Izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati wina akukula mwamsanga. Magulu ambiri a dementias akuchedwa, ndipo njira yofulumira ingatanthauze kuti pali vuto linalake, kapena kuti HIV ikuthawa.
Zovuta za kachilombo ka HIV ziyenera kuphatikizapo MRI ya ubongo kufunafuna zizindikiro za matenda kapena khansa. Demojeni yokhudzana ndi HIV imapangitsa kusintha kwakukulu pa chithunzi cha ubongo wotengedwa ndi MRI. Ubongo ukhoza kuwonetsedwa kukhala wochuluka, ndipo pali kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyera zomwe zimakhala zowala kwambiri zomwe sizili zapadera.
Chithandizo cha Odwala
Mofanana ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya matenda a dementia, sizikuwoneka ngati, ngati zilipo, mankhwala angathandize munthu amene ali ndi HIV. Imodzi mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matenda a Alzheimer's, Memantine, atsimikiziridwa kuti sangathandize, ndipo palibe chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti mankhwala ena a Alzheimer adzakhala othandiza.
Kusunga bwino mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV kumakhala koopsa kwambiri kwa Odwala, koma sadziwa kwenikweni ngati mankhwala owonjezera kapena kusintha kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi HAD ali ndi phindu lililonse. Phunziro limodzi, kusintha ma ARV kumapangitsa anthu kukhala ovuta. Komabe, ngati wina ali ndi HIV / Associated Dementia, anthu ambiri amasintha mankhwala, makamaka ngati mankhwala omwe wodwalayo ali nawo sakudziwika kuti aloŵa mukatikati mwa zamanjenje (CNS). Mankhwala monga tenofovir, zalcitabine, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir ndi enfuviritide onse awonetsedwa kuti ali ndi chilolezo chabwino mu CNS, ngakhale kuti kuthandizidwa kwa chilolezocho kumakhalabe chokayikira, ndipo kungayambitse mavuto ambiri kuposa zabwino.
Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito methylphenidate (Ritalin) kuti athandizidwe ndi chidziwitso kuchepa. Kawirikawiri, kulangizidwa m'maganizo, m'maganizo komanso muthupi kumalangizidwa.
Vuto laumembala la HIV ndilo vuto lalikulu, ndipo mwatsoka, sitidziwa zambiri za izo. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya dementia, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zina amawongolera, choncho ndikofunika kukambirana ndi zizindikiro izi ndi dokotala woyenera.
Zotsatira:
Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT, et al. Kusinthidwa kwatsopano zafukufuku zafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Neurology 2007; 69: 1789.
Zolemba za dzina la amayi ndi zofufuzira za kafukufuku wa maopaleshoni a ubongo wa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV (1) (HIV-1). Lipoti la Gulu Logwira Ntchito la American Academy of Neurology AIDS Task Force. Neurology 1991; 41: 778.
Mtengo wamtengo. Matenda a ubongo wa HIV. Lancet 1996; 348: 445.