Mu February 2016, bungwe la World Health Organization linalengeza kuti anthu ambiri padziko lonse akuda nkhawa (PHEIC) chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa Zika ku Western Hemisphere. Kuyambira pa November 18, 2016, adalengezedwa.
Zovuta zaumoyo zapadziko lonse za nkhawa za padziko lonse
Ndizoopsa za Pathanzi za Padziko Lonse. Awa ndi chilengezo chokhazikitsidwa ndi World Health Organization (WHO) mogwirizana ndi International Health Regulations.
Zimapangidwa pamene vuto la thanzi labwino lifika pamlingo wapadziko lonse.
Izi ndi mbali ya International Health Regulations (IHR). Izi ndi mbali ya mgwirizano womangidwa ndi maiko ambiri-194, kuti ukhale wolondola.
PHEIC yakhala ikudziwika kawiri. Izi sizosadabwitsa. The IHR idabweranso chaka cha 2005. Chosankha kulengeza PHEIC sichinatheke kufikira 2007.
Pa nthawi zinayi PHEIC yatchulidwa (kuyambira mu 2007), atatu adalipo kuyambira 2014.
Mauthenga Anai PHEIC
April 2009 - H1N1 matenda (Nkhumba Zamtundu)
May 2014 - Kubwezeretsa polio pambuyo poti matendawa ayandikira-anayamba kuwonjezeka
August 2014 - Ebola ku West Africa
February 2016 - Zika ku Western Hemisphere
WHO sizinanene kuti MERS akhale PHEIC.
A WHO anadzudzulidwa chifukwa chosaulula Ebola PHEIC poyamba. Chilengezocho sichinapangidwe mpaka pa August 8, 2014. Izi zinali pambuyo poti mabungwe monga MSF akhala akulirira belulo kwa miyezi.
Kulengeza koteroko kungalimbikitse yankho ndikuyambitsa matendawa kuti mayiko akuyang'ane. Chilengezochi chikugogomezera kufunika kosayesayesa zoperewera zachuma ndi zamtunduwu pa mayiko omwe akukhudzidwa zomwe zingalepheretse kulimbana ndi matendawa. Kuganiza kuti kutseka malire kungakhale kovulaza kuposa kupindulitsa.
Panali zovuta kuti WHO isachedwe kulengeza PHEIC yotsatira. Izi zinali zodetsa nkhaŵa kuti kachilomboka kakufalikira mofulumira kumadzulo kwa dziko lapansi kumadzulo komwe kumamangidwa ndi kachilombo kobadwa kamene kamakhala ndi kachilomboka, kumene ana amabadwa ali ndi mitu ing'onoing'ono komanso ubongo wosayambika.
Palinso nkhaŵa yambiri ya Yellow Fever ku Angola ndi ku DRC ndipo ngati kuphulika kumeneku kunaperekedwa chifukwa cha kuchepetsa katemera komanso kubereka ayenera kulengeza PHEIC.
Kodi Zika Zidzakhala Zovuta Padziko Lonse?
A WHO adalengeza Zika kukhala PHEIC pa 1 February 2016, ngakhale izi zatha. Zika tsopano ndi matenda aakulu.
Amphawi akuluakulu opatsirana-TB, kachilombo ka HIV, ndi malungo-salinso a PHEIC. Ndizovuta komanso zovuta za tsiku ndi tsiku, koma zimatero, mwatsoka, kupha anthu ambiri kusiyana ndi zoopsa. Mwamwayi, Zika sanagwirizanenso ndi imfa yofanana monga matendawa omwe akhalapo.
Zili Zili Zika Zika
Zika, kwa anthu ambiri okhudzidwa, ndi matenda ochepa. Nthendayi imakhalanso yofatsa m'mayi oyembekezera . Chodetsa nkhaŵa ndi chakuti mitu yaying'ono ya microcephaly ndi ubongo wosayambika imawoneka ndi ana omwe anabadwa ndi amayi omwe anali ndi Zika panthawi yomwe anali ndi mimba.
Palibe katemera ndipo palibe chithandizo cha Zika.
Yankho la Zika makamaka limateteza. Izi zikutanthauza kusunga udzudzu polira, kuthandizira thanzi labwino, ndikugulitsa zofufuza pofuna kumvetsetsa bwino matendawa.
Mmene Madzi Akuyendera Angathandizire
Udzudzu wa Aedes ukhoza kukhala wokwiya kwambiri. Amadwalanso kawiri pa tsiku-m'mawa ndi madzulo. Amakonda kuti asawuluke kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala kumene anthu amakhala. Kulepheretsa madzi otseguka monga matayala, maphala, ndi maluwa a maluwa ndi ofunika mkati ndi kunja kwa nyumba. Kupopera mankhwala ndi udzudzu wambiri kumathandiza. Kuphimba khungu kungatetezenso ndi kuluma.
Maukonde ogona angachepetse chiwerengero chawo, koma kuuma kwambili kumachitika nthawi zina pamene anthu sakugona.
Zingakhale zovuta kuti zisawidwe, ziribe kanthu kuyesayesa kochuluka. Ambiri amaganiza kuti sagwidwa, koma amachita. Chifukwa cha vuto la kupeŵa kulira, CDC inalimbikitsa akazi onse a ku US kuti asamayende kupita kumadera okhudzidwa (kuphatikizapo Puerto Rico) ndi kubwerera ku US ngati kumadera okhudzidwa.
Komabe, nkofunika kuti mayiko asatseke malire, okhudza kayendetsedwe ka chuma ndi mayiko omwe akukhudzidwa.
Momwe Zimathandizira Thanzi Labere Lingathandize
Akazi m'mayiko ochokera ku El Salvador kupita ku Jamaica anauzidwa kuti asatenge mimba. Ambiri sapeza mwayi wathanzi labwino la kubereka ayenera kupeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kulera. Ambiri angakhale ovuta kuthetsa ngati ali ndi pakati. Kuchotsa mimba-ngakhale kupititsa padera kuganiza kuti ndiko kuchotsa mimba-kungakhale ndi chilango cholemetsa (ndi mankhwala) kwa akazi. Kuonetsetsa kuti amayi ali ndi chithandizo chamankhwala omwe amavomereza kusankha nthawi yomwe angatenge ndi gawo lakumvera Zika.
Azimayi a US akuuzidwa kuti asayende ku mayiko okhudzidwa (mwachitsanzo, ambiri a Western Hemisphere) ndi CDC ngati ali-kapena atakhala ndi pakati.
Kafukufuku Amafunika Kupitiriza
Kugwirizana pakati pa microcephaly ndi Zika sikunatsimikizidwe. Palibenso mafunso ambiri okhudza Zika. Chiwerengero cha ana omwe angakhudzidwe ndi chiopsezo cha amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV sadziwa. Matenda ambiri ndi Zika chifukwa palibe zizindikiro; sizikudziwika ngati matendawa amatha kukhudza amai ndi makanda awo. Sindikudziwika kuti ndi gawo liti la matenda okhudzidwa ndi mimba-kapena ngati pangakhale paliponse pa matenda. Zimadziwikanso momwe ana ambiri angakhudzidwe. Ana ena amakula kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino ndi microcephaly. Ena akhoza kukhala ndi kuchedwa kwakukulu.
Kafufuzidwe kafukufuku amafunika kuti mumvetse bwino ndikuthana ndi matendawa.