Muyenera kupita kuchipatala musanayambe ulendo uliwonse wautali. Izi ndi zina mwa katemera omwe angafune kuti muwaganizire:
Mkuntho
Matenda a chiwombankhanga ndi matenda omwe amabwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Iyo imafalikira ngati palibe malo okwanira okwanira, palibe zipinda zoyera, komanso kudzera mu zakudya ndi madzi owonongeka. Zingayambitse kupsa mtima, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa, kusowa kwa njala, kupweteka mutu, ndi kupweteka.
Mkuntho umatha kufa ndipo ungafunike opaleshoni ya m'mimba mwadzidzidzi.
Makamaka kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa Asia, Mliri wamkuntho ukupitirizabe kugonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki. Mankhwala, ngakhale alipo, sangakhale othandiza. Ndi bwino kuyesetsa kupewa matenda kudzera mu katemera musanapite ku madera ambiri a Asia, Africa, kapena Central kapena South America.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A imafalikira ndi madzi kapena chakudya chodetsedwa, makamaka nkhono kapena chakudya chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wophika kapena wogwira ntchito ena odwala. Amapezanso malo osungirako zowonongeka komanso kutetezedwa. Ndi kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa matenda a chiwindi, omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lofewa, kuphatikiza komanso kupweteka kwa minofu, kutsegula m'mimba, kenako kupweteka kwa m'mimba, mitsempha yamdima, zikopa, ndi maso a khungu komanso khungu.
Hepatitis B
Chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi ndi matenda omwe angayambitse kuopsa kwa chiwindi chomwe chimaperekedwa kudzera mu magazi, kugonana, kapena singano.
Anthu omwe amagonana ndi munthu watsopano, amagwira ntchito kuchipatala, akonze zojambula kapena kujambulira, kapena akukonzekera njira ya kuchipatala ayenera katemera. Katemerayu ndizoloŵera nthawi yoberekera kapena ali mwana ku US ndipo akuluakulu ambiri omwe sanatenge katemera amalimbikitsidwa kuti apitsidwe katemera.
Amayi
Amuna amtunduwu amakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timatchetechete, timatchetche, kapena kukhudzana ndi nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena / kapena matumbo awo. Pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri kuti katemera asanatuluke, komanso kuti asamawonongeke, asanakhalepo, ndi ofunika kwambiri.
Vutoli (ndipo nthawi zina matenda omwe amachititsa, omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa) amapezeka kwambiri agalu ndi mapulaneti m'madera ena a Africa, Asia, Central ndi South America. Zikhoza kupezeka ndi zinyama zina, kuchokera pa amphaka kupita ku zisamba. Ku US, amphaka amakhala ndi rabies kuposa agalu . Ambiri a ku Ulaya, New Zealand, Australia, Antartica, ndi Caribbean (kupatula Haiti ndi Dominican Republic) ali ndi chilakolako chogonana.
Mndandanda wa katemera umatenga katemera katatu kuti muyambe kukonzekera patapita milungu itatu musanayambe kuyenda. Katemera akhoza kukhala okwera mtengo. Komabe, katemera wa rabies sapezeka paliponse padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ngati mutseguka, mungafunikire kuchoka mwamsanga (tsiku) la katemera kunyumba.
Polio
Polio ndi kachilombo kamene kamangotsala pang'ono kutha . Komabe, katemera amafunika ngati munthu akuyenda kupita kumadera aliwonse omwe akuyenda polio. Milanduyi inadziwika mu 2014 ku Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Somalia, Equatorial Guinea, Iraq, Cameroun, Siriya, Ethiopia, South Sudan, ndi Madagascar, ngakhale kuti matenda ena amachokera kufooka zochepa zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi katemera osati matenda a wildtype.
Polio ikhozanso kupezeka m'madzi, kumene ingathe kufalikira. Pakachitika zaka zingapo zapitazi m'madzi a Israeli ndi West Bank, komanso India ndi Nigeria, ndi kwina kulikonse.
Komabe, matenda a wildtype Polio apezeka m'mayiko awiri kuyambira 2015-Afghanistan ndi Pakistain. Izi ndi zofunika. Vutoli likhoza kuthetsedwa.
Kuti maulendo apita kumadera amenewa azitha kuwongolera zowonjezereka ndikufunika kuwunikira akuluakulu. Katemera akulimbikitsidwanso kuti azipita kumadera omwe ali pangozi yoitanitsa polio monga Benin, Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, chigawo cha Xinjiang ku China, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Gabon, Iran, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Niger, Republic of Congo, South Sudan, Sudan, Turkey, ndi Yemen.
Chiwombankhanga Chofiira
Chiwombankhanga cha Yellow chimafalikira mu 2016 ku Angola, ku DRC, komanso kumadera ena akumidzi monga kumadera akutali a Peru ndi Uganda. Ndizovuta koma zoopsa za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kufalikira ndi udzudzu womwewo umene umafalitsa Dengue. Amapezeka mu chiwerengero chochepa cha mayiko. Ambiri alibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zochepa chabe . Koma ena amafa. Patapita masiku atatu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi atatha kuwonetsa, adzakhala ndi malungo aakulu, kupwetekedwa mutu, kupwetekedwa, kusanza, kupweteka kwa minofu, ndi kusowa kwa njala. Pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro amatha kukhala ndi jaundice, impso kulephera, ndi kutuluka magazi; pafupifupi theka la anthu awa adzafa. Palibe mankhwala enieni.
Katemera amafunika kuti alowe m'mayiko omwe ali ndi Yellow Fever-kapena kuyenda kuchokera kumayiko omwe ali ndi Yellow Fever kupita kwina. Mayiko amenewa ali makamaka ku Central ndi West Africa ndi madera ambiri ku South America, makamaka pakatikati pa dzikoli ndi Amazon.
Mayiko a Yellow Fever mu 2015 akuphatikizapo Angloa, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, South Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana , Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad ndi Tobago, Venezuela.
Chifukwa chakuti matendawa sapezeka m'mayiko onsewa, koma nthawi zina m'madera ena, katemera sangakhale woyenera pa ulendo uliwonse. Komabe, kupita ku mayiko ambiri kapena ochokera m'mayikowa kumafuna malemba a katemera wa Yellow Fever. Katemera ayenera kutengedwa masiku 10 asanayende. Zingakhale zovuta kupeza katemera ndipo kotero kukonzekera kutsogolo kwa nthawi n'kopindulitsa.
Encephalitis wa ku Japan (JE)
Matendawa ndi osowa ndipo ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo sagwidwa ndi matenda aakulu, koma ochepa matendawa ndi ovuta, olepheretsa, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala oopsa. Vutoli, lomwe lingayambitse vuto lalikulu la m'maganizo, limapezeka m'madera ena a Asia ndi Western Pacific, ndi kuphulika kwakukulu m'madera ena a India m'nyengo yachilimwe.
Lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ngati chithandizochi chikufunika paulendo wanu. Chithandizo choperekedwa ku US chimafuna masiku awiri kupatulapo mlingo umodzi kumapeto kwa mlungu umodzi kapena kuposa. Sikofunika kuti anthu onse oyendayenda kupita ku mayiko omwe akukhudzidwa ndi matendawa asatengeke m'madera onse. Kwa iwo omwe amayenda kunja kwa midzi kwa mwezi umodzi pa nthawi ya HIV, katemera ndi wofunika kwambiri, komabe zingakhale zofunikira pa ulendo wa nthawi yaying'ono. Ili ndi chilolezo kwa miyezi iwiriyo ndi yoposa. Chotsitsa chowunikira chingakhale chofunika.
Malaria
Malaria alibe katemera wovomerezeka. Muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za kuyamba prophylaxis kwa malungo musanatuluke.
Dengue, Chikungunya, ndi TB
Palibe katemera. Samalani ndi udzudzu m'malo omwe angakhale ndi Dengue kapena Chikungunya .
Zika
Palibe katemera, koma muyenera kupewa udzudzu , monga malungo, dengue, ndi chikungunya , makamaka ngati inu, mnzanuyo, kapena mnzanuyo mukakhala ndi pakati kapena mukuganiza kuti mukhale ndi pakati. Vutoli lingathe kufalikira ndi udzudzu komanso kugonana.
Katemera Amene Muyenera Kukhala Okhazikika Nawo
Mankhwala-Amagazi-Rubella (MMR)
Muyenera kukhala ndi zipolopolo ziwiri. Ngati mukuyenda ndi ana aang'ono, ayenera kukhala ndi katemera wawo msanga. Ngati mwana wanu ali pakati pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi chaka, ayenera kukhala ndi mlingo umodzi. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zaka chimodzi, ayenera kukhala ndi miyezo iwiri (yosiyana ndi masiku 28), ngakhale kuti mlingowo umaperekedwa miyezi 12 mpaka 15 ndi zaka 4 mpaka 6. Simukufuna kupeza Zakudya Zakudya kapena kuzisiya kwa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo.
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Ngati simunayambe matendawa , muyenera kupeza katemera.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis
Onetsetsani kuti mwadwala katemera wa tetanasi zaka khumi zapitazo. Amene ali ndi bala lauve ndipo sanatenge katemera wa katemera m'zaka zisanu zapitazi (zaka 10 pa bala loyera) adzafunika katemera wambiri wa katemera wa tetanus. Pachifukwa ichi, ena amachititsa kuti ziwombankhanga zawo zifulumire. Simukufuna kupeza Diphtheria kapena Pertussis-kapena kuwafalitsa kwa wina yemwe ali pachiopsezo.
Influenza
Muyenera kukhala ndi chimfine chanu chaka chilichonse . Musaiwale kuti kungakhale nyengo yozizira kumalo ena. Katemera wa chimfine cha kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa hemispheres amasankhidwa nthawi zosiyana koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto ofanana. Simungafune kutenga chimfine ndipo mutha kugwira ntchito yaikulu chifukwa cha matenda otentha.