Lassa yakulalika ku Nigeria
Kodi Fever ya Lassa ndi yotani?
Zizindikiro za Lassa zimakumbukira Ebola. Zonsezi ndizozirombo za Viral Hemorrhagic. Onse awiriwa amapezeka ku West Africa. Koma Lassa, matenda ochepa omwe adamvapo, atha kufa kwa anthu ambiri pazaka 10 zapitazo.
Munthu aliyense amene akudwala Lassa sangathe kufa. Koma Lassa amapha anthu ambiri; imayambitsa zambiri.
Lassa, imaganiziridwa, imabweretsa anthu 5000 pachaka komanso pakati pa 100,000 ndi 300,000 matenda chaka chilichonse.
Zimalingalira kuti zimayambitsa imfa mwa 1% okha omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, ngakhale ziwerengero izi zikhoza kutanthauza kuti pali matenda ambiri (kapena kufa kwache kapena kuchuluka kwa kufa kwa anthu).
Mwachidziwitso, Ebola imapangitsa anthu oposa 11,300 kufa ndi matenda 28,600 kuyambira December 2013 mpaka December 2015.
Kodi Lassa amachititsa chiyani?
Mwinamwake ku West Africa, kumene imapezeka, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a Lassa sapezeka. Ambiri (80%) ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa: kutentha pang'ono, kutopa, kupweteka mutu. Ndi ena 20% omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zovuta kwambiri. Zitha kukhala ndi magazi (mucosal - m'mphuno, mphuno), zilonda za m'mimba / chifuwa / kupweteka kumbuyo, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kutupa nkhope, conjunctivitis , mapuloteni mumtsuko, mwina kusokonezeka (ndi encephalitis), kutenthedwa. Kusokonezeka kungachitike. Zina mwakumva zimapezeka mu 1/3 mwa omwe ali ndi zizindikiro. Amene ali ndi matenda aakulu ali pangozi ya imfa. Pafupifupi 1% mwa onse akufa.
Anthu omwe ali m'chipatala amakhala ndi mwayi wapamwamba kwambiri wakufa - chifukwa mwina akudwala kwambiri kuti abweretsedwe ku chipatala kapena mwina ali ndi madigiri apamwamba.
Odwala pafupifupi 15-20% amafa. Odwala ambiri amavutika kupeza chisamaliro ndipo milandu yambiri sichipezeka, ngakhale ali ndi zizindikiro.
Pali nthawi zina matenda, omwe amawona kuchuluka kwa kufa kwapakati - mpaka 50%, pamene kachilombo ka HIV ndi kupatsirana kwake zimakula.
Azimayi omwe ali ndi mimba amatha kufa.
Azimayi oyembekezera m'magulu awo atatu ali pangozi. Ma fetus awo nthawi zambiri samabereka kubadwa kwa moyo; 95% musatero.
Kodi Lassa ali kuti?
Poyamba anapeza kuti anaikidwa ku Lassa ku state ya Borno ku Nigeria. Choyamba chinadziwika mu 1969 pamene anamwino awiri amishonale anamwalira.
Tsopano ili ku Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Liberia, ndi Guinea. Milandu ingapo yafika kumwera kwa Mali, kum'mwera kwa Burkina Faso, Ghana, ndi Côte d'Ivoire. Ma antibodies omwe ali ndi kachilomboka adapezeka mwa anthu a ku Togo ndi a Bénin, omwe amachititsa funso ngati liripo (koma ma antibodies opatsirana mofulumira sangathe kutulutsidwa nthawi zonse).
Chipatala cha Sierra Leone chomwe chinakhala chipatala choyamba cha Ebola ku Kenema chinali chipatala cha Lassa. M'madera ena a Liberia ndi Sierra Leone, pangakhale ngakhale 10% -16% omwe ali kuchipatala ali ndi Lassa.
Kodi mumapeza bwanji Lassa?
Mafinya a Lassa amatha masabata 1-3 pambuyo poonekera. Kuwonekera kumakhala kawirikawiri kuti "multimammate rat" ( Mastomys natalensis ). Kuwonetsetsa uku sikuyenera kukhala mwachindunji ku khola; Matenda angakhalenso chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa ntchentche, mkodzo, kapena matope. Malo omwe Lassa amapezeka ndi malo omwe makoswe amapezeka.
Kodi laser akhoza kufalikira kuchipatala?
Lassa ikhoza kufalikira kuchipatala.
Ikhoza kufalikira ngati chitetezo - monga magolovesi ndi zovala sizisagwiritsidwe ntchito. Silikufalikira mosavuta monga Ebola kuchipatala. Kuyanjana ndi madzi amadzimadzi amafunika kuti afalikire. Ikhoza kufalikira ndi timagulu ta singano kapena ngati mankhwala sakuyendetsedwa bwino atagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena chosawilitsidwa kuti agwiritsirenso ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito kotereku kwa zipangizo zamankhwala kungathenso kuchitika kunja kwa zipatala, zomwe zimawatsogolera kufalikira.
Dr Khan, yemwe adamwalira ndi Ebola atatha kupha Lassa ndipo kenako Ebola ku Kenema General Hospital, adatsata pambuyo pa dokotala yemwe adamwalira ku Lassa. Dokotala wapitawo anali ndi chosowa chosowa kuchokera kuchipatala cha Lassa.
Kodi pali mankhwala?
Ribavirin, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimapindulitsa kwambiri ngati ziperekedwa mofulumira. Si mankhwala enieni a kachilomboka ndipo si mankhwala onse mankhwala.
Chithandizo chambiri chimaphatikizapo kasamalidwe kothandizira - kuonetsetsa kuti odwala ali hydrated ndi kudyetsedwa, pamene amapereka oksijeni ndi mankhwala ena ngati pakufunikira.
Kubereka kwa mwana wamwamuna kapena mwana wakhanda kumawoneka kuti akuthandizira thanzi la amayi omwe ali ndi pakati.
Ribavirin imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati post-exposure prophylaxis. Komabe, zidzakhala zovuta kuti muphunzire mokwanira zogwira mtima zake.
Kodi zimapezeka bwanji?
Kusanthula kumachokera ku kuyesa kwa PCR kapena kuyesedwa kwa antibody.
Zingakhale zovuta kuzindikira Lassa kuchipatala. Kuzindikira kumayambitsa matenda, chidziwitso cha odwala, ndi odwala.Zomwezo zikhoza kukhala zosadziwika bwino ndipo zingaganizidwe kuti ndi matenda ena a febrile, monga malungo ngakhale.
Kupititsa patsogolo kupeza milandu n'kofunika. Kutaya nthawi powonetsera kukugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa imfa.
Kodi pali katemera?
Palibe katemera.
Kodi izi zikuwoneka ku US?
Nkhani yomaliza ya US anali munthu wobwerera kuchokera ku Liberia kupita ku New Jersey ndi Lassa. Matendawa anachedwa ngakhale atayang'anitsitsa njira zowononga Ebola panthawiyi.
Kodi ndivute wotani ndi Lassa?
Lassa ndi arenavirus, majeremusi ake ali ndi zigawo ziwiri zosagwiritsidwa ntchito za RNA.
Zikuganiza kuti kachilombo ka HIV kameneka kanapangitsa kuti kusintha kwa majeremusi a anthu apitirire m'madera okhudzidwa ndi Lassa, mofanana ndi momwe majini ena omwe amachepetsa kuchepa kwa malungo adutsa. Lassa amanyamula, pamene kachilombo kaye kakuyesera kuteteza mauthenga a chitetezo cha mthupi.
Kodi palinso mayina ena?
Pali zina zoterezi zomwe zimapezeka m'madera ambiri ku South America: Junin (Argentina HF), Machupo (HF Bolivia), Guanarito (Venezuela HF), Sabia (Brazilian HF), Chapare virus (ku Bolivia)