Chabwino, mabulu amatithandiza kwenikweni. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa zachilengedwe. Amadya tizilombo tomwe timapanga tizilombo, timatulutsa mungu ndi kufalitsa mbewu, ndipo timabzala zomera ndi zinyalala (guano).
Koma amakhalanso ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ena mwa matendawa ndi ena mwa anthu omwe amawapha kwambiri: Ebola, SARS, Rabies, MERS, Marburg, Hendra, ndi Nipah.
Chinthuchi ndi, ammapiko sakudziwa. Iwo ali ngati uchi wonyansa wa tizilombo. Nthawi zambiri sagwidwa ndi matenda omwe angakhale oopsa kwa ife.
Bwanji Mabati?
Matenda amatha kufalikira ku bat kuti amenyane mosavuta. Amakhala m'madera olimba. Matenda amatha kugwedezeka pakati pa mfuti ina, monga pakati pa anthu omwe ali pamsewu wodutsa anthu ambiri kapena m'chipinda choyambirira chodzaza ana.
Mabatsanso amaoneka kuti sakukhudzidwa ndi matenda omwe angathe kupha anthu. Miphika imakhala ndi kutentha thupi thupi ndipo imatha kulekerera mavairasi sangathe. Komabe, khalidwe, la mamimba ena pamene ali ndi matenda angayambitse kukhudzana kwambiri ndi mabomba ndi anthu. Mwachitsanzo, amithenga amatha kuchita zinthu zodabwitsa ngati ali ndi chiwewe, monga kuthawa panja masana. Mabatsanso akhoza kusamuka, kufalitsa matenda kutali.
Ikufunsanso ngati kulima kwa mitengo kumayendetsa makompyuta kukhala ndi anthu ambiri. Izi zikhoza kukhala makamaka pamene nkhalango zimagawanika, kukhala zisumbu zamitengo ndi zachilengedwe, ndi anthu okhala m'mapiri a madera ozungulira zilumbazi.
Mabatsanso, pamene akuuluka, akhoza kubweretsa matenda kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana; Nthawi zambiri amakhalanso kumidzi.
Amayi
Ampopu ambiri alibe rabies, koma ena - nthawi zambiri 5-10% - amachita. Ambiri mwa anthu amachokera ku ntchentche, koma mapulaneti ndiwo malo akuluakulu a chiwewe (komanso chiyambi chake).
Ndi anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi kachilombo.
US akuwona matenda 2-3 pachaka; padziko lonse lapansi 160 amafa tsiku, 60,000 pachaka. Pafupifupi aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a chiwewe amafa - ngakhale kuti akhala 5 (pakati pa 36 omwe adalandira pulogalamu yatsopano).
Prophylaxis ndizofunika kuti muteteze matenda. Si anthu okha omwe agwira batete omwe amafunika kukhala ndi prophylaxis for rabies. Amene akusowa prophylaxis:
- Aliyense amamenya ndi bat
- Mphuno iliyonse yomwe imatha kuwonetsera pakamwa, chilonda, mphuno, kapena maso
- Ngati munthu amadzuka ndi kupeza batolo m'chipinda
- Ngati batolo amapezeka m'chipindamo ndi mwana wosayembekezeredwa
- Ngati batolo amapezeka m'chipindacho ndi wina popanda kuzindikira kuti akuluma bat
Aliyense ayenera kusamba ndi sopo ndi madzi kulira kapena malo ena otsekemera.
Ebola ndi Marburg
Pambuyo pa matenda a chiwewe, omwe ali ndi matenda oposa 100%, Ebola ndi Marburg ndi awiri omwe amafa kwambiri chifukwa cha matendawa. Mavairasi awa amafalikira ku mawulu.
Kafukufuku apeza kuti Ebola ndi 5% mwa anthu akuluakulu omwe amapezeka m'madera okhudzidwa (Gabon ndi Republic of the Congo) panthawi yomwe akuphulika (ndipo palibe m'matumbo aang'ono). MaseĊµera anali otsika pakati pa ziphuphu - ndipo chidwi ndi chokwera ngakhale m'matumba apakati: 33%.
Coronaviruses
Ma virus ena awiri omwe athandiza kwenikweni ndipo ali ndi miyeso yambiri ya kufa ndi MERS ndi SARS.
Onsewo ali omangirizidwa ku maulendo. SARS inachititsa kuphulika kwa mitundu yambiri, yofulumira komanso yoopsa yochokera ku China 2002-3. Kuphulika kwake kwagwiriridwa kuti kumagwirizanitsidwa mwachindunji kwa akalulu. MERS imayambitsa matenda oopsa komanso omwe amawopsa kwambiri chifukwa amachititsa kupuma komanso kupweteka kwa nsanje ndipo akufalitsidwa m'chipatala ku Middle East. Zimagwirizana ndi ngamila - koma zimaganiziranso kuti amithenga amathandiza.
Ma Virus a Nipah ndi Hendra
Nipah, kachilombo kamene kamatsogolera ku imfa yapamwamba mwa anthu a ku Bangladesh ndi Malaysia, imachokeranso ku maulendo. Imafalikira ku mabala kupita kwa anthu kupyolera mumtengo wa kanjedza womwe umamwa mowa ndi amitundu ndipo kenako ndi anthu.
Zafalikiranso pakati pa minda ya nkhumba ku Malaysia. Ndi matenda omwe amawonetsedwa mu kanema yothamanga chifukwa cha zomwe angachite.
Matenda a Hendra, omwe adayambitsa matenda opatsirana mwa anthu ndi mahatchi, amamangiriridwa ndi makina ku Australia. Pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya zamoyo zomwe zimakhudzidwazo zinali zabwino.
Histoplasmosis
Sikuti ndi mavairasi okha. Bowa limene limapezeka m'nthaka limapezekanso m'matope, guano. Zingayambitse mavuto a m'mitsempha komanso mavuto a mwazi makamaka anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto a chitetezo cha mthupi.
Komabe mabotolo ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya zachilengedwe. Popanda iwo, matenda ena akhoza kukula, monga omwe amafalitsidwa ndi tizirombo zomwe amadya. Komabe, iwo samayendetsa udzudzu (ndi matenda opatsirana ndi udzudzu) mofanana ndi momwe amayembekezera; Iwo samadya udzudzu wokwanira.
Ndikofunika kuti musakhudze mabomba omwe simudziwa ali otetezeka. Angathe kuwoneka athanzi koma akudwala matenda omwe sitikuyembekezera. Izi zachitika ndi matenda a chiwewe koma zingatheke ndi matenda ena onsewa.