Yang'anani pa kuwonetsera, zochititsa, ndi njira ya misampha 19 yosiyanasiyana.
Ziphuphu zonse ndi zosiyana: Zilankhulidwe zosiyana, zifukwa, ndi mankhwala.
Madokotala amadziŵa kuti pali ziphuphu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira. Ngati mtundu wa mphutsi ndi wowonekera, kapena wodwala ali ndi zodziwa, kuvomereza kachitidwe kumapindula bwino pamene akupeza kuthamanga.
Komabe, muzithunzithunzi Chizindikiro Chothandizira: Buku Lophunzitsika , Otsutsa ndi olemba anzawo amanena izi:
Mavuto omwe amadziwika nawo ndi omwe amakhulupirira kuti matendawa amachititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi zomwe zakhala zikuchitika posachedwapa, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri zimakhala zosazindikirika, ndipo madokotala amatha kutsegulira msanga kuti asamadziwe bwinobwino.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngakhale madokotala akhoza kupeza matenda olakwika.
Tisanayang'ane mndandanda wa zilembo zosiyana siyana, tifunika kufotokoza mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera zilondazi. Tidzagwiritsa ntchito ena mwa mawuwa m'ndandandanda wa zilembo za alfabeti, kotero mutha kubwereranso ku mndandandanda pamene mukugwiritsira ntchito nkhaniyi.
Mfundo Zenizeni
Mawu akuti dermatitis amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kuthamanga kophweka. Nazi mawu ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza zovuta.
- Chigamba: Chilonda chophwima chomwe chili choposa 1 masentimita awiri.
- Papule: "Bump" yolimba yomwe ili yosakwana 1 masentimita awiri.
- Chidebe: Chilonda chokwera chomwe chikufanana ndi chigwa ndipo chili ndi kukula kwake. Kawirikawiri, chikwangwani chimapangidwa ndi kusintha kwa mapepala ang'onoting'ono.
- Gudumu: Choyika chopopera kapena papule limodzi ndi kutupa ndi kunyoza.
- Macule: Chotupa chokhala ndi phokoso chomwe chili pansi pa masentimita awiri.
- Pusule: Blister yakwezeka ya msinkhu uliwonse wodzaza ndi pus.
- Bulla (ambiri bullae): Pustule yomwe imaposa 1 masentimita awiri.
- Nodule: Cholimba, chokwera chachikulu pakati pa 1 ndi 5 cm mwake.
- Kuchenjeza: Kuwonekera khungu kapena khungu ku khungu.
- Comedone: Phukusi lopangidwa ndi mafuta a khungu ndi keratinous zomwe zimapezeka mu follicle. Komedone yotseguka ndi yakuda ("mutu wakuda") ndi comedone yotseka ndi yoyera ("mutu woyera").
- Papulosquamous: Phokoso lopangidwa ndi mapulogalamu ndi mapepala omwe amawoneka mophiphiritsira.
- Vesicle: chimwala chodzaza madzi
- Purpura: Mawanga okongola pa khungu lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi magazi pansi pa khungu.
- Petechia: Nsalu yofiirira kapena yofiira imene imayambira magazi pansi pa khungu.
Zojambula Zamtundu
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Pustules, papules, comedones, mitsempha pamaso, pachifuwa, ndi kumbuyo
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Achinyamata
Chifukwa : Kusakanikirana ndi mahomoni kumasintha msinkhu. Mankhwala amphamvu amayenda m'mabanja. Kupeza chiyanjano cha chakudya ndi malo okhudzidwa ndi chidwi.
Zoona : Acne imatha panthawi yomwe munthu akukula koma kupwetekedwa ndi kupweteka kwapachimake kumakhala kwa moyo wonse.
Acne vulgaris , kapena "acne," ndi wamba kwambiri moti nthawi zochepa zimatchedwa "physiologic," ndipo mild mild acne si matenda kapena matenda pa se.
Nazi njira zogwirira ntchito:
- Mitundu yambiri ya ma follicles (comedones)
- Kupanga sebum kokwanira
- Kutupa
- Kutenga ndi mabakiteriya Propionibacterium acnes
Zizindikiro zambiri zimafuna kuchipatala ndi dokotala kuti achepetse kukhumudwa ndikuchepetse chiopsezo chotenga nthawi yaitali.
Mankhwala amtunduwu ayenera kuperekedwa mwamsanga, ndipo ziphuphu zimaperekedwa mogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Kuyeretsa n'kofunikanso. Njira zochiritsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi zimaphatikizapo kuphatikizapo katemera wa khungu, antibiotics, ndi benzoyl peroxide. Zomwe zimagwira ntchito, zomwe ndi zotchuka kwambiri zothandizira mankhwala, zilipo. benzoyl peroxide ndi salicylic acid ndipo amalengezedwa kuti ayeretse, kutulutsa madzi, ndi kuteteza khungu ku dzuwa.
Dermatitis yapamwamba (Atopic Eczema)
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Itchy papules, lichenification, kuthamanga pa nkhope ndi mikono
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Ana, ana aang'ono
Chifukwa : Wogwirizana ndi chifuwa
Zochita : Zopweteka ndi kubwereranso, ana ena amatha
Dermatitis , yomwe imatchedwanso atopic eczema, imakhudza pakati pa 15 ndi 20 peresenti ya ana okhala m'mayiko otukuka. Ndili khungu lofewa kwambiri ndipo limathamangira m'mabanja. Matenda ochepa a atopic dermatitis amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi timawu tapamwamba ta glucocorticoids, zomwe zimapezeka papepala. Milandu yowopsa kwambiri imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi tacrolimus ndi pimecrolimus, zomwe zimadziwika ndi dokotala. Anthu omwe ali ndi atopic dermatitis ayenera kupewa zozizwitsa zomwe zimayambitsa mikhalidwe, monga zotupa ndi nyama.
Bullous Pemphigoid
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Bullae
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Okalamba
Chifukwa : Yongolani nokha
Zoona : Waxes kapena wanes, kukhululukidwa kwa ambiri
Bullous pemphigoid ndi matenda osadziwika, omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azikulira pakhungu komanso pakhungu. Chithandizo cha bullous pemphigoid ndi chovuta ndipo chimafuna kuwonjezera kuchokera kwa akatswiri osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo dermatologists, ophthalmologists, ndi madokotala oyang'anira chisamaliro. Chithandizo chimadalira kufalikira kwake, ndipo ma steroids amatha kukhala othandiza. Milandu yovuta kwambiri ingafunike chithandizo ndi ma immunomodulator monga tacrolimus.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Kachitidwe kachipatala : Papules ndi vesicles kumalo otsetsereka a mikono ndi miyendo
Gulu lalikulu (zaka) : Pakati pa zaka 30 ndi 40
Zoona : Zakale koma zimatha kukhululukidwa, kukhululukidwa kumatanthauzidwa kukhala zaka ziwiri zowonjezera
Dermatitis herpetiformis ndi kupweteketsa kwakukulu komwe kumawonekera pazithunzi zozungulira za thupi. Ziphuphu ndi zotupa za matendawa zikufanana ndi matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka herpes. Anthu omwe ali ndi dermatitis herpetiformis amakhalanso ndi kusagwirizana kwa gluten, ndipo kutukukaku kumawonekera pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a celiac. Amakonda kwambiri amuna ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu a kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Zizindikiro za matenda a dermatitis herpetiformis nthawi zambiri amamveka pambuyo pa kudya zakudya zopanda thanzi.
Erythema Multiforme
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Target zilonda
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Achinyamata akuluakulu
Chifukwa : Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda
Zoona : Zachitali, masabata 1 mpaka 2
Erythema multiforme ndi khungu lachikopa chokhalitsa. Kuthamanga kumawonekera ngati kufiira kofiira ndipo kumakhudza maso, pakamwa, ndi malo ena amkati. Kuthamanga kwa erythema mutliforme kumatenga mawonekedwe ozungulira kapena zilonda zamatenda.
Matendawa ndi mtundu wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo amatha kuoneka ngati wachiwiri ku matenda a herpes, matenda a fungal, matenda a streptococcal, kapena chifuwa chachikulu cha TB. Erythema multiforme ingakhalenso ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala, monga NSAIDs, allopurinol, ndi mankhwala enaake opha tizilombo . Potsirizira pake, erythema multiforme ikhoza kumaphatikizapo matenda opatsirana ndi matumbo ndi lupus.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya erythema multiforme. Choyamba, erythema multiform ang'onoang'ono amachititsa matenda ochepa omwe amakhudza khungu kokha ndipo nthawi zina amachititsa zilonda zakamwa. Erythema multiforme yaikulu imayambira ndi zizindikiro zamagetsi zomwe zimakhudza thupi lonse, monga kupweteka m'maganizo ndi malungo. Zilonda zingakhale zoopsa kwambiri ndipo zimakhudza zoberekera, mafunde, mazira, kapena maso.
Pano pali zizindikiro zina zomwe zingaperekedwe ndi kutukuka kwa erythema multiforme kwakukulu:
- Fever
- Sungani
- Achiness
- Khungu lachitsulo
- Achy ziwalo
Kawirikawiri, erythema multiforme amapita yekha popanda mankhwala. Mankhwala ena angathe kuperekedwa kuphatikizapo steroids, antihistamines, antibiotics, compresses yonyowa, ndi mankhwala opweteka. Ndikofunika kusunga zilonda kuti zikhale zoyera ndikusunga ukhondo wabwino kuti zipepetse chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV.
Erythema Nodosum
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Mabala osavuta kwambiri, opweteka, omwe amawombedwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamtunda wa zikopa, ng'ombe, mikono, ndi mapafu; Pakapita milungu ingapo, mapulogalamuwo amawonekera ndipo amaoneka ngati mavunda
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Mibadwo yonse
Chifukwa : Pa theka la milandu, chifukwa chake sichidziwika. Zina mwazi zimaphatikizapo matenda ndi mankhwala, monga antibiotic. Erythema nodosum ikhozanso kupezeka pa nthawi ya mimba, khansa ya m'magazi, sarcoidosis, ndi rheumatic fever.
Zoona : Osamvetsetseka, kawirikawiri amakonza pambuyo pa masabata asanu ndi limodzi
Erythema nodosum ndi mawonekedwe a panniculitis, kapena kutupa kwa mafuta osanjikiza pansi pa khungu. Zilonda za khungu zimayamba choyamba, zokhazikika, zowonongeka, pafupifupi mamita awiri. Zilonda zopwetekazi zingakhale zopanda pake patatha masiku angapo. Patapita milungu ingapo, zilonda izi zimakhala zofiira, zofiira. Kuwonjezera pa zotupa za khungu, erythema nodosum ingayambitsenso zizindikiro zambiri, kuphatikizapo malungo, malaise ambiri, kupweteka, ndi kutupa. Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa komanso chimakhala ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa matendawa kapena matenda osokoneza bongo. Mankhwala ena amaphatikizapo steroids, NSAIDs, kutentha kapena kuzizira compresses, kapena mankhwala opweteka.
Folliculitis
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Pustules odwala matendawa omwe amakhudza kwambiri nkhope, matako, mapeto, ndi thunthu.
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Mibadwo yonse
Chifukwa : bakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena fungal
Zoona : Zambiri zimatsimikiza
Folliculitis ndi matenda a mtundu wa tsitsi. Zikhoza kukhala pamwamba ndipo zimakhudza zokongoletsera tsitsi. Kapena, folliculitis ikhoza kuthamanga kwambiri ndi kutupa kungakhudzire kutalika kwa follicle. Matenda ozama angapangitse zithupsa. Folliculitis ingakhale ya bakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena fungal. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, folliculitis ikhozanso kuyambitsidwa ndi osagwira ntchito monga zovala zobvala zolimba, topical steroids, mafuta odzola, zodzoladzola, ndi zokonda. Chithandizo chimatsimikiziridwa ndi chifukwa cha folliculitis ndipo chimaphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, antibiotic, kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Herpes
Kufotokozera zachipatala : " Zilonda zozizira," zilonda zam'mimba, ndi zilonda zam'mimba; mwa ana, kutupa kwa chikhomo cha pakamwa ndi m'mafupa (mwachitsanzo, gingivostomatitis)
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Mibadwo yonse
Chifukwa : Viral
Zoona : Zambiri zimatsimikiza
Bungwe la WHO likuyesa kuti anthu 3.7 biliyoni osapitirira 50 ali ndi kachilombo ka herpes simplex (HSV-1) mu 2012. HSV-1 tizilombo timafalikira kudzera mwachinsinsi. Ngakhale zilonda zozizira zingakhale zosasamala komanso zosasangalatsa, sizichititsa zizindikiro zina. Mankhwala opangira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kuchepetsa kutentha, kuyabwa, ndi kusokonezeka ndi zilonda zozizira.
Pazifukwa zina, matenda a herpes simplex kachilombo ka 2 (HSV-2) amachititsa kuti ziwalo za m'mimba zibereke . Matenda a chiberekero ndi opatsirana pogonana. Komabe, HSV-2 ikhoza kuyambitsa zilonda zozizira. A WHO akuganiza kuti 11 peresenti ya anthu padziko lapansi ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda.
Herpes Zoster (Mphuno)
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Redness, vesicles
Chifukwa : Varicella zoster virus kukonzanso
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Okalamba
Zoona : Masabata awiri kapena atatu
Herpes zoster, kapena shingles , ndi kupweteka kwa khungu komwe kumachitika ndi varicella zoster virus. Vutoli limayambitsanso nkhuku. Makamaka makamaka, matenda oyamba ndi varicella zoster HIV amachititsa nkhukupo mu ubwana. Pambuyo pa nkhukuyi, kachilomboka kamakhalabe m'maselo a mitsempha kwa zaka zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kachilombo ka HIV kumabweretsa mavuto.
Ndi herpes zoster, kupweteka kumayambitsa chiphuphu. Kuthamanga kumagawidwa pambali pamsana, nkhope, maso, khosi, kapena pakamwa. Zizindikiro zina za herpes zoster zimaphatikizapo kufooka, malungo, kupweteka pamodzi, ndi zilonda zotupa. Palibe mankhwala a herpes zoster. Mankhwala amaphatikizapo mankhwala opweteka, steroids, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi antihistamines. Pali katemera wa herpes zoster, yosiyana ndi katemera wa nkhuku, ndipo amatchedwa katemera wa shingles. Katemera wa shingles amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matendawa.
Impetigo
Kulankhulana kwachipatala : Pustules, vesicles, zokongoletsera za uchi, zofiira m'mutu wa kutuluka kwa khungu
Gulu lalikulu (zaka) : Ana oposa zaka ziwiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi
Chifukwa : Bakiteriya
Zoona : Kuthetsa pambuyo pa masiku angapo
Impetigo ndi mtundu wambiri wodwala wa khungu. Impetigo imayambitsidwa ndi S. aureus kapena mabakiteriya a stretptococcus . Impetigo imafalitsa ndipo ikufalikira pakati pa mamembala amodzi. Impetigo imapezeka m'madera omwe anthu alibe mwayi wopezeka sopo ndi madzi oyera, monga m'mayiko omwe akutukuka. Impetigo imakhalanso yofala pakati pa anthu opanda pokhala. Ma antibayotiki onse amtundu ndi amlomo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza impetigo. Ngati impetigo imayambitsidwa ndi MRSA, mabakiteriya osagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala, ndiye kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo am'thupi amafunikira. Njira yabwino yopezera MRSA ndiyo kuchita ukhondo wabwino ndikupewa kugawa zovala ndi tilu.
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Plaques, lichenification
Gulu lalikulu (zaka) : Anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 30 ndi 50
Chifukwa : chosadziwika
Zoona : Kwanthawi yayitali, amapereka mankhwala
Lichen simplex chronicus ndi matenda achilendo aakulu chifukwa cha kuyabwa ndi kukukuta. Kusokonezeka maganizo, nkhaŵa, matenda osokoneza maganizo, ndi kusokonezeka kwagona m'thupi zimatha kukhala ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pazitsamba ndikupitirizabe kukhala ndi lichen simplex chronicus. Anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa choyambitsa matendawa amapangidwira kuti akhale ndi chronicus yosavuta. Kuwongolera mosalekeza kumatha kumabweretsa malo otupa a khungu. Antihistamines ndi steroids zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa kutaya kwa lichen simplex chronicus. Katemera akalamulidwa, lichen simplex chronicus akhoza kuchoka.
Pityriasis Rosea
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Herald patch, papules ndi mamba (ie, papulosquamous)
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Zaka zilizonse koma zambiri zimawoneka mwa anthu pakati pa 10 ndi 35
Chifukwa : chosadziwika
Zoona : Mu 80 peresenti ya anthu, kutukwana kumatsimikizira masabata asanu ndi atatu. Kawirikawiri, kupweteka kumatha kupitirira miyezi itatu ndi isanu.
Chigoba cha herald ndicho chizindikiro cha pityriasis rosea ndipo chimapezeka pa thunthu. Chigamba cha herald ndi chokhachokha, chowulungika, chamtundu-kapena chimbudzi cha mtundu wa salimoni chokhazikika pamalire. Ili pakati pa mainchesi 0,8 ndi 4 m'mimba mwake. Pakatha masabata awiri kapena awiri mutatuluka chidutswa cha mtengo wake, zilonda zapulosquamous zing'onozing'ono zimakwera pambali pa mtengo wa Khirisimasi. Kuwonjezera pa maonekedwe a khungu, palibe zizindikiro zina za pityriasis rosea. Pafupifupi kotala la anthu, vutoli ndi lovuta. Pityriasis rosea amasankha yekha ndipo samafuna chithandizo. Komabe, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi antihistamines zingathandize kuchepetsa kuyabwa.
Psoriasis
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Papules kapena plaques okhala ndi sikelo (ie, papulosquamous)
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Ambiri akuluakulu koma angathe kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse
Chifukwa : Yongolani nokha
Zoona : Zakale
Psoriasis ndi matenda akuluakulu, omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lizizira, zomwe zimayambitsa, zilonda zofiira zomwe zimakhala ndi mamba. Phala psoriasis ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa psoriasis, womwe umawerengetsa pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya matenda onsewa. Mipata imakonda kukulitsa pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi ndi kuwonetsera mozungulira pamakona, mawondo, scalp, mabowo, ndi zina zotero.
Matendawa amakhudza pafupifupi 3 peresenti ya Achimereka. Psoriasis ingasokonezenso manjenje, omwe amachititsa chiwalo cha psoriatic nyamakazi . Kafukufuku watsopano akusonyeza kuti psoriasis ndi matenda omwe amabweretsa kutupa mtima, kuphatikizapo kupwetekedwa mtima, matenda a mtima, ndi imfa.
Ma psoriasis amatha kuchitidwa ndi hydrocortisone kapena zina zamtengo wapatali. Psoriasis yosavuta kwambiri imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi ma immunomodulators.
Fever yotchedwa Mountainy Spotted
Mutu wa chipatala : Petechiae pa mitengo ya palmu kapena pansi
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Zaka zilizonse
Chifukwa : Mabakiteriya otengedwa ndi tiketi otchedwa Rickettsia rickettsii
Zoona : Masabata amodzi kapena awiri
Phiri la Rocky limakhala ndi chimfine, chimutu, ndi malungo omwe amapezeka pakapita kake. Komabe, 30 mpaka 40 peresenti ya odwala onse sagwiritsanso ntchito nkhuku kuluma, ndipo odwala ambiri samawombera.
Ndili ndi mapiri a Rocky Mountain, ana achikulire ndi akuluakulu amayamba kukhala ndi mutu umene umatsatira ululu ndi zowawa m'misungo ndi ziwalo.
Ngakhale kuti mumzinda wa United States mumapezeka mapiri a Rocky, amafala kwambiri m'madera akumwera a Atlantic ndi kum'mwera. Amapezanso ku Oklahoma. Kawirikawiri, anthu ali ndi kachilombo ka Rocky Mountain pamasiku otentha a chaka pamene nkhupakupa zikugwira ntchito.
Pali masitepe angapo omwe angatengedwe pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa nkhuku kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- Kuvala zovala zazitali
- Kugwiritsa ntchito zovala ndi magalimoto omwe amachitidwa ndi premature
- Kupanga tiyizi teki pawekha ndi ziweto
- Kusamba mutangobwerera kunyumba kuchokera kudera lamapiri
Kuthamanga ndi koyamba maculopapular (kuphatikizapo zida za macules ndi mapulesulo) ndipo zimapezeka pamakona ndi pamapiko. Chiphuphucho chimafalikira ku thupi limene limawoneka ngati petechiae. Thrombocytopenia, kapena count low platelet, ndi yowoneka ndi chimfine cha Rocky Mountain ndipo imayambitsa petechiae.
Mankhwala a antibiotic doxycycline amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matendawa. Chithandizo ndi doxycycline chimakhala chogwira ntchito kwambiri pamene chinayambika mkati mwa masiku 3 kapena 5 oyambirira a matendawa. Odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za ubongo, kusanza, zizindikiro zosasunthika, kapena ntchito ya impso yokhazikika ayenera kupita kuchipatala.
Rosacea
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Kufiira kwa nkhope ndi pustules
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Anthu akuluakulu komanso okalamba
Chifukwa : chosadziwika
Zoona : Zakale; zolaula ndi kuchotsa
Rosacea ndi matenda aakulu omwe amabweretsa kufiira ndi kuphulika kwa nkhope ndi ziphuphu. Anthu okwana 14 miliyoni a ku America ali ndi rosacea. Ndi matenda otupa omwe amakhudza nkhope ndi maso ndipo nthawi zambiri amapita patsogolo. Rosacea ukhoza kusokoneza nkhope.
Patapita nthawi amatsogolera zotsatirazi:
- Kutupa mphuno
- Khungu lakuda nkhope
- Flushing
- Mzere wofiira pamaso
- Mitsempha yamagazi yooneka pamaso
- Maso ofiira, okongola
Rosacea imapezeka kwambiri pakati pa amai oyera. Malingana ndi mtundu ndi zovuta, rosacea ingachiritsidwe ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo, lasers, kapena opaleshoni.
Seborrhea
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Zowonongeka bwino, miyala yofiira ndi mafuta, mabala achikasu kawirikawiri pambali pa khungu, nsidya, pamphumi, masaya, ndi mphuno; akhoza kuthandizanso thupi
Magulu akuluakulu : Amuna omwe ali ndi pakati pa 20 ndi 50
Chifukwa : chosadziwika
Zoona : Nthawi yayitali, kubwereranso
Seborrhea ndi matenda aakulu, otupa omwe amakhudza ziwalo za nkhope zomwe zimabala sebum. Sebum ndi mpweya wambiri wophika mafuta womwe umatulutsidwa ndi zofiira zosautsa. Makanda angakhale ndi seborrhea ya scalp (chiwindi kapu) kapena seborrhea yomwe imakhudza malo otsegula. Anthu omwe ali ndi seborrhea akhoza kukhala ochiritsidwa ndi Malassezia , mtundu wa yisiti. Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV / AIDS nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi seborrhea, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi seborrhea amakhala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Seborrhea imaperekedwa makamaka ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Tinea
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Zofiira, zofiira zozungulira, ndi malire; kuchotsa pakati sikungakhale kofiira
Chifukwa : bowa
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Mibadwo yonse
Zoona : Kawirikawiri amatsimikiza pambuyo pa chithandizo cha antitifungal
Tinea imatchula gulu la matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bowa wotchedwa dermatophytes. Tinea ikhoza kufalikira ndi anthu atatha kulankhulana ndi talasi, chipinda chosindikizira, ndi zina zotero. Bowa ili limakhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi ndipo zimayambitsa zizindikiro za madera amenewa monga:
- Mphuno imene mphutsi imatenga mawonekedwe a mphete pamutu, mikono, miyendo, kapena thunthu
- Mphungu yamphepete
- Phazi la atetezi
- Yogwiritsanso ntchito
Mafuta ndi mavitamini owonjezera amatha kuchitira tinea nthawi yayitali. Mavuto aakulu kwambiri angafunikire kuchiza ndi mankhwala a mankhwala.
Urticaria (Hives)
Kufotokozera zachipatala : Magudumu
Gulu lalikulu la zaka : Mibadwo yonse
Chifukwa : Zowopsa kwa zakudya kapena mankhwala
Zochita : Kawirikawiri amasankha pambuyo pa masiku angapo kapena masabata angapo
Urticaria, kapena mng'oma , ndi angioedema zimachitika palimodzi. Angioedema amatanthauza kutupa kwa khungu. Njuchi zimapezeka 20 peresenti ya anthu nthawi ina. Pafupifupi 0,5 peresenti ya anthu ali ndi nthawi yaitali, kapena yaitali, urticaria, yomwe ndi vuto lokhalokha. Urticaria imachiritsidwa ndi steroids ndi antihistamines komanso kuchotsedwa kwa mankhwala kapena zakudya zomwe zikuyambitsa.
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Mitu yachipatala : Papules, vesicles, pustules ndi crusting, kufalikira kuchokera pakati (ie, centrifugal)
Gulu Lenikulu la Gulu : Ana
Chifukwa : Varicella zoster virus
Zoona : Zosintha, zimatenga milungu iwiri
Matenda oyambirira ndi varicella zoster HIV amapezeka mwa ana a pakati pa 1 ndi 9 ndipo amachititsa nkhuku . Kwa akuluakulu, kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo kawirikawiri ndi koopsa komanso kumakhala ndi chibayo. Chodziwika bwino cha matendawa ndi varicella kachilombo ndi mphutsi yambiri, yomwe imayambira monga mapepala kenako amasintha mu vesicles ndi pustules musanafike. Choyamba chiphuphu chimaphatikizapo nkhope, thunthu, ndi khungu. Pomalizira pake, mphutsi imapita kumapazi ndi miyendo. Zizindikiro zina za nkhuku zimaphatikizapo kumutu, kufooka, ndi kusowa kwa njala. Kuchiza kwa nkhuku ndi chizindikiro, ndi acetaminophen choperekedwa chifukwa cha malungo; mazimadzi omwe amaperekedwa kuti asungunuke; ndi antihistamines, lotion lotion, ndi colloidal oatmeal osambira ntchito khungu. Thandizo la antiviral ndi acyclovir lingachepetse nthawi ya malungo komanso kuopsa kwa zizindikiro. Katemera wotsutsana ndi nkhuku akulimbikitsidwa ndi CDC.
> Zotsatira:
> Mutu 116. Impetigo. Mu: Usatine RP, Smith MA, Chumley HS, Mayeaux EJ, Jr .. eds. The Atlas of Family Medicine, 2e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013.
> Culton DA, Liu Z, Diaz LA. Mutu 56. Nkhumba Zam'mimba. Mu: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, DJ Leffell, Wolff K. eds. Dermatology ya Fitzpatrick mu General Medicine, 8e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
> Jaffe J, Ratcliff T. Mutu 42. Matenda opatsirana. Mu: Stone C, Humphries RL. eds. Kufufuza Koyamba ndi Kuchiza Odwala Emergency Medicine, 7e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
> Leung DM, Eichenfield LF, Boguniewicz M. Mutu 14. Matenda a m'mimba (Atopic Eczema). Mu: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, DJ Leffell, Wolff K. eds. Dermatology ya Fitzpatrick mu General Medicine, 8e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
> Zaenglein AL, EM Graber, Thiboutot DM. Chaputala 80. Acne Vulgaris ndi Acneiform Eruptions. Mu: Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, DJ Leffell, Wolff K. eds. Dermatology ya Fitzpatrick mu General Medicine, 8e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.