Phunzirani chifukwa chake CDC imayamikira iwo, pamene apatsidwa, ndi zina
Katemera akhoza kukhala imodzi mwa njira zabwino zomwe kholo lingatenge kuti ateteze mwana wakhanda, mwana, kapena wachinyamata ku matenda opatsirana. Katemera wina akhoza kuteteza matenda akuluakulu. Katemera amatithandiza kupewa mavuto aakulu a thanzi monga ululu, kuchipatala, komanso imfa. Ndikofunika kuti aliyense atenge katemera monga momwe akulimbikitsidwira-osati za thanzi lawo okha komanso thanzi la ena, nawonso.
Katemera akulimbikitsidwa malinga ndi msinkhu, chikhalidwe, komanso ngakhale malo oyendayenda. Tisanayambe kufotokozera mwachindunji cha aliyense, kufotokozera mwachidule ubwino wa aliyense kungakhale kothandiza.
- Chitetezo cha Hepatitis B chimateteza matenda a chiwindi operekedwa kudzera mwazi.
- Katemera wa DTaP amateteza d phtheria, t etanus, ndi p ertussis. Diphteria imaphimba mmero pamutu wandiweyani, wakuda, motero kumapangitsa kuti kukhale kovuta kupuma. Tetanus imatha kuyambitsa minofu yolimba komanso imatchedwanso "lockjaw." Pertussis ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
- Katemera wa Hib amateteza Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b, umene ungayambitse chibayo , meningitis, ndi epiglottitis (kutupa kwa epiglottis).
- PCV13 imateteza matenda a pneumococcal. Ana aang'ono, matenda a pneumococcal angayambitse matenda a pneumococcal meningitis. Kwa okalamba, amachititsa chibayo.
- Katemera wotsekemera wa poliovirus umateteza poliomyelitis, zomwe zingayambitse matenda otupa.
- Katemera wa Rotavirus amateteza rotavirus, chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha kutsegula m'mimba.
- Katemera wa MMR amateteza m easles, m mps, ndi ubella. Mafinya ndi mazira amatha kuwononga ubongo. Rubella angayambitse zilema zoberekera.
- Chithandizo cha Varicella chimateteza nkhuku, zomwe ngakhale zimakhala zonyansa kwa anthu ambiri, zingayambitse chipatala-makamaka pakati pa ana aang'ono.
- Katemera wa Hepatitis A amapewa matenda aakulu (ie, aifupi) matenda a chiwindi, omwe amawononga. Hepatitis A imafalikira ndi chakudya ndi madzi owonongeka ndipo nthawi zambiri imayambitsa miliri, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto aakulu azachuma.
- Katemera wa matenda a chiwindi amateteza ku chimfine cha nyengo.
- Tdap imateteza t etanus, d iphtheria, ndi pertertis. Ziri zofanana ndi chilimbikitso cha DTaP.
- Katemera wa meningococcal amatetezera ku meningococcal matenda, omwe amachititsa meningitis ndi matenda a magazi.
- Katemera wa papillomavirus umateteza khansa chifukwa cha papillomavirus yaumunthu. Zindikirani, papillomavirus yaumunthu imayambitsa ziwalo zogonana . Katemera uwu umalimbikitsidwa kwa anyamata ndi atsikana.
- PPSV23 imateteza pneumococcal chibayo ndipo nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa kwa anthu okalamba.
- Katemera wa chiwindi wamtunduwu umateteza yellow fever, matenda otentha. Ambiri ndi anthu ochokera m'mayiko ena otentha amapezeka katemera.
- Katemera wa nkhonya amachepetsa chiopsezo chakuti akuluakulu amakula msinkhu. Mphuno imayambitsa kupweteka kwambiri.
- Katemera wa kolera umaperekedwa kwa apaulendo kupita kumadera otentha. Cholera imayambitsa kutsekula m'madzi.
- Katemera wa encephalitis wa Japan umateteza chitetezo cha ku Japan. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a jeremusi alibe chizindikilo, encephalitis ya ku Japan ingayambitse matenda a ubongo. Katemerayu akulimbikitsidwa kuti apite kumidzi yaku Asia.
- Katemera wamkuntho amateteza chitetezo cha typhoid, chimene anthu amapeza mwa kudya chakudya chodetsedwa ndi madzi. Mkuntho umayambitsa malungo, ululu m'mimba, kufooka, ndi zina zambiri. Oyendetsa m'mayiko osauka ayenera kuganizira za katemera.
- Katemera wa chideru amateteza matenda a chiwewe. Amayi amphawi amapha anthu ambiri omwe samalandira katemera mwamsanga pambuyo poonekera. Anthu omwe alumidwa ndi nyama zakutchire ayenera kulandira katemera.
Katemera wa Hepatitis B
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Ana
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: M'masiku obadwa 24
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 3
Nthawi:
- Pa kubadwa
- Pakati pa miyezi iwiri ndi iwiri
- Pakati pa miyezi 6 ndi 18
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna ndi akazi
Zolemba Zapadera: Kutupa kwa Chiwindi ndi matenda omwe amabweretsa kutupa kwa chiwindi. Zingayambitse matenda a chiwindi, chomwe chimachititsa kuti minofu ikhale yowononga minofu yowononga chiwindi ndi chiwindi cha chiwindi.
Vuto la hepatitis B limaperekedwa kudzera mwazi kapena madzi ena. Ku United States, anthu 1,25 miliyoni ali ndi kachilombo kosatha (kutanthauza, kwa nthawi yaitali) matenda a hepatitis B. Anthu makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi mmodzi mwa anthu 100 aliwonse ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Pafupifupi 25 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chiwindi ngati akuluakulu, chifukwa chake ndikofunika kwambiri kupewa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito katemera.
Katemera wa Diphtheria, Tetanus, Acellular Pertussis (DTaP)
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Ana ndi ana aang'ono
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: miyezi iwiri
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 5
Nthawi:
- Pa miyezi iwiri
- Pa miyezi inayi
- Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi
- Pakati pa miyezi 15 ndi 18
- Pakati pa zaka 4 ndi 6
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna ndi akazi
Zolemba zapadera: Pertussis amadziwika kuti ndi "chifuwa chowopsa." Ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri omwe amachititsa matenda okhwima omwe amatha milungu iwiri kapena yambiri ndipo akhoza kutsagana ndi kusanza. Pertussis ndi owopsa kwambiri pakati pa makanda ndipo angayambitse chibayo, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, kugwidwa, ndi imfa.
Pertussis ndi matenda omwe amalephera kwambiri omwe angathe kupewedwa kudzera mwa katemera. Kuchuluka kwa ziphuphu zosautsa zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu, ndipo chiwerengero cha milandu chimawonjezeka kuyambira m'ma 1980. Katemera wa DTaP ndi ogwira ntchito pakati pa 80 ndi 89 peresenti ya nthawiyo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngakhale munthu atemera katemera, n'zotheka kukhalabe ndi kachilombo ka pertussis.
Katemera wa DTaP umatetezeranso kudwala chifuwa ndi tetanus. Diphteria imaphimba mmero pamutu wandiweyani ndipo imabweretsa kufooka, kufooka mtima, ndi kupuma. Tetanus imayambitsa minofu imalimbitsa, makamaka mutu ndi khosi, chifukwa chake amatchedwa "lockjaw." Minofuyi imamangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsegula pakamwa, kumeza ndi kupuma. Ngakhale m'zaka zamakono zamakono, mmodzi mwa anthu khumi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amatha kufa, koma chiwopsezo chimachepetsedwa ngati mutapatsidwa chithandizo monga momwe mukufunira. Zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale zoyenera kuyambira kuyambira zaka 11 ndi zaka 10 zilizonse.
Tetanus, Diphtheria, ndi Acellular Pertussis (Tdap)
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Achinyamata
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Zaka za oyang'anira oyang'anira: Pakati pa zaka 11 ndi 12
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 1 pamodzi ndi chilimbikitso cha tetanasi zaka 10 zilizonse
Nthawi: Pakadutsa zaka 11 ndi 12; katemera wa tetanasi zaka 10 zilizonse
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Mankhwala apadera: Tdap ndi katemera wothandizira omwe amatetezeranso katemera wa tetanus, diphtheria, ndi pertussis. Achinyamata amayamba katemera katemera wa zaka 11 ndi 12 ndipo amalandira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (tetanasi ndi diphtheria koma osati pertussis) zaka 10 zilizonse. Azimayi ayenera kulandira katemera ndi mimba iliyonse chifukwa ana amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu. Zindikirani kuti ana amayamba katemera wa diphtheria, acellular pertussis, ndi tetanus (katemera wa DTaP) ali ndi miyezi iwiri.
Haemophilus influenzae mtundu wa b (Hib) Katemera
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Ana
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: miyezi iwiri
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 3 kapena 4 (malinga ndi kupanga katemera wa Hib ntchito)
Nthawi (ngati ngatiyi):
- Miyezi iwiri
- Miyezi 4
- Miyezi 6
- Pakati pa miyezi 12 ndi 15
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna ndi akazi
Zolemba zapadera: Katemera wa Hib angaperekedwe yekha (Hib okha) kapena kuphatikizapo katemera wina. Katemera wa Hib amateteza mabakiteriya otchedwa Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b (Hib). Zindikirani, ngakhale kuti nthenda imayimira "I" Mu Hib, mabakiteriyawa samayambitsa "chimfine".
Mabakiteriya a Hib amafalikira mlengalenga. Kutenga ndi mabakiteriya a HIb kungayambitse matenda a mimba (matenda a madzi ndi ubweya wa ubongo ndi msana); epiglottitis (matenda a epiglottis, chotupa cha cartilage chomwe chimaphimba mphepo panthawi yammeza); ndi chibayo (matenda a mapapu).
Katemera wa Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV13)
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Ana
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: miyezi iwiri
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 4
Nthawi:
- Pa miyezi iwiri
- Pa miyezi inayi
- Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi
- Pakati pa miyezi 12 ndi 15
Mlingo wosakwatiwa ukuperekedwa kwa achikulire omwe ali ndi zaka 65 kapena kuposerapo.
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna ndi akazi
Mankhwala apadera: PCV13 imateteza mitundu 13 ya mabakiteriya a pneumococcal. Matenda a pneumococcal amachititsa chibayo; matenda a magazi (mwachitsanzo, bacactia); ndi meningitis. Pneumococcal chibayo chimakhudza kwambiri anthu akuluakulu.
Ana omwe ali osadetsedwa angathe kutenga pneumococcal meningitis, yomwe imapha ana 10 peresenti ya ana omwe akukhudzidwa, choncho ndikofunika kuti katemera akhale woyenera. Pneumococcal meningitis ingayambitsenso ubongo ndi wogontha.
Ngakhale aliyense atha kutenga matenda a pneumococcal, ana osapitirira zaka ziwiri, anthu omwe ali ndi zaka 65 kapena kuposerapo, osuta fodya, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu. Chifukwa cha kukana, maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a pneumococcal sagwira ntchito momwemo, chifukwa chake katemera ndi wofunika kwambiri.
Katemera wotsekemera wa Poliovirus
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Ana ndi ana ang'onoang'ono
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: miyezi iwiri
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 4
Nthawi:
- Pa miyezi iwiri
- Pa miyezi inayi
- Pakati pa miyezi 6 ndi 18
- Pakati pa zaka 4 ndi 6
Njira yoyendetsera: Kupweteka mu US; pakamwa (pakamwa) kupezeka m'mayiko onse (osagwiritsidwa ntchito ku US kuyambira 2000)
Chiwerewere: Amuna ndi akazi
Mfundo zapadera: Ambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka polio alibe zizindikiro. Anthu osachepera 2 peresenti ya anthu amavutika ndi poliomyelitis, kapena matenda a pakatikati a mitsempha, zomwe zingachititse kuti ziwalo zikhale zowonongeka.
Panalibe vuto lililonse la poliomyelitis ku United States kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, akulimbikitsidwa kuti ana onse atenge katemera chifukwa pali ziphuphu za poliovirus m'mayiko ena.
Katemera wa Rotavirus
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Ana
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: miyezi iwiri
Chiwerengero cha mlingo: 2 kapena 3 malingana ndi kupanga
Nthawi (ngati ma 3):
- Pa miyezi iwiri
- Pa miyezi inayi
- Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi
Njira yoyendetsera: Pakamwa
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Ndemanga yapadera: Katemera wosiyana wa rotavirus anakhazikitsidwa chifukwa zinali zoonekeratu kuti kusintha kwa ukhondo ndi ukhondo sikuthetsa matendawa. Rotavirus ndi omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a m'mimba asatuluke m'mimba ndipo amatha kukhala pakati pa 2 ndi 3 million milandu ku United States, 60,000 hospitalizations, ndi pakati pa 20 ndi 60 omwe afa.
Katemera wa M'madzi, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Ana ndi ana ang'onoang'ono
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: miyezi 12
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 2
Nthawi:
- Pakati pa miyezi 12 ndi 15
- Pakati pa zaka 4 ndi 6
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Zolemba zapadera: Katemera wa MMR ndi katemera wothandizira omwe amateteza chitetezo ku shuga, mapira, ndi rubella.
Zakudya zimagwirizananso ndi kusintha kwa khungu (malo a Koplik) ndi kuthamanga. Zimayambitsanso matenda osokoneza ubongo, kapena kuwonongeka kwa ubongo. Zimayambitsa zowawa kwambiri zopweteka za glands za salivary (parotid). Zingathe kuyambitsanso ziphuphu komanso mapepala komanso kuwonongeka kwa ubongo ndi imfa. Rubella imayambitsa kulitsa kwa ma lymph nodes, kutupa kwa khungu, ndi ululu wamodzi. Zingayambitse zolepheretsa kubadwa kwakukulu kwa ana akhanda.
Mlingo woyamba wa katemera wa MMR umateteza 95 peresenti ya anthu omwe amapezeka katemera, chifukwa chake mlingo wachiwiri umafunika. Posachedwa, pakhala pali chimfine pakati pa anthu omwe samalandira katemera, kuphatikizapo ku Disneyland.
Katemera wa Varicella
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Ana ndi ana ang'onoang'ono
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: miyezi 12
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 2
Nthawi:
- Pakati pa miyezi 12 ndi 15
- Pakati pa zaka 4 ndi 6
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Zolemba zapadera: Varicella-zoster virus imayambitsa nkhuku (ndipo kubwezeretsanso kumayambitsa ming'alu kwa akuluakulu). Matendawa ndi othandiza kwambiri. Vuto la varicella-zoster virus zisanu ndi zisanu (1000) limabweretsa chipatala.
Ambiri mwa anthu omwe ali m'chipatala ali pakati pa zaka chimodzi ndi zinayi, choncho chifukwa chake katemera ndi wofunikira. Kuwonjezera pa matenda a khungu, varicella-zoster HIV ingayambitsenso chibayo.
Katemera wa Varicella-zoster angaperekedwe kwa anthu atatha kutenga kachilombo ka HIV kuti athe kuchepetsa matenda. Zindikirani, kulamulira kwa chilengedwe chonse cha katemera wa varicella kumachepetsa kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirizana. Mwachindunji, pa $ 1 iliyonse yogwiritsidwa ntchito katemera, $ 5 amasungidwa.
Katemera wa Hepatitis A
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Ana ndi ana ang'onoang'ono
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: miyezi 12
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 2
Nthawi: Pa CDC, "Yambani mankhwala a 2 a HepA mlingo wa zaka 12 mpaka miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, musiye mlingo wa 2 pa miyezi 6 mpaka 18."
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Mankhwala apadera: Hepatitis A imayambitsa matenda a chiwindi (makamaka, aifupi). Amafalitsidwa ndi chakudya ndi madzi owonongeka. Kusayera bwino komanso kusungika bwino kwa ukhondo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a hepatitis A.
Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke, matenda a hepatitis A angathe kuchititsa matenda, omwe ndi oopsa kwambiri kwa thanzi labwino, ndipo munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo amatha kuphonya masabata a ntchito kapena sukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phindu lalikulu lachuma likhalepo kwa anthu. Zindikirani, hepatitis A ingathe kupirira njira zomwe zimadya zakudya, zomwe zimachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ku Shanghai mu 1988, anthu 300,000 anadwala ndi matenda a hepatitis A panthawi ya mliri.
Katemera wa chiwindi
Gulu la zaka zapakati: Achinyamata, ana aang'ono, achinyamata, akuluakulu, ndi achikulire
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: miyezi isanu ndi umodzi
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 1 kapena 2 (malingana ndi zaka)
Nthawi: Pakati pa miyezi 6 ndi zaka 9, mlingo umodzi kapena 2; pambuyo pa zaka 9, pachaka
Njira yoyang'anira: Kupweteka kapena intraasal spray (malingana ndi mtundu wa katemera)
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Zolemba zapadera: Katemera wa chimfine amateteza matenda a chimfine. Kwa ambiri, chimfine chimakhala chokhumudwitsa. Komabe kwa ena, chimfine chimapha.
Malinga ndi CDC: "Matenda opatsirana pogonana angakhudze anthu mosiyana, koma anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amatenga chimfine chaka chilichonse, zikwi mazana ambiri za anthu ali kuchipatala ndipo zikwi zikwi zikwi zimafa chifukwa cha chimfine chaka chilichonse. Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi akhoza kudwala kwambiri ndi chimfine ndikuchifalitsa kwa ena. "Ndikofunika kuti katemera, osati kwa iwe wekha, koma kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu, monga okalamba kapena omwe ali ndi machitidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi, .
Maningococcal Vaccines
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Achinyamata
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: zaka 11 mpaka 12 (poyamba kwa ana omwe ali pangozi yaikulu)
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: Kawirikawiri 2 (chilimbikitso pa 16) koma chingasinthe
Nthawi:
- Pakati pa zaka 11 ndi 12
- Pazaka 16 (chilimbikitso)
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Zolemba zapadera: Katemera wa meningococcal amatetezera ku meningococcal matenda opangidwa ndi Neisseria meningitides . Mabakiteriya amenewa amachititsa meningitis (matenda a chigawo cha ubongo ndi msana) komanso matenda a magazi (baceremia kapena septicemia). Mabakiteriyawa amafalikira ndi kupuma kapena thupi la madzi (mwalavu).
Kwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga ndi mankhwala oletsa kupewa zotsatira zoipa. Achinyamata ena omwe ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 16 ndi 23 angathenso katemera ndi katemera wachiwiri wa katemera wotchedwa serogroup B meningococcal vaccine. Katemera wa meningococcal wa serogroup B umaperekedwanso kwa ana a zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo panthawi yomwe akuphulika ndi omwe ali ndi immunodeficiency.
Katemera wa papillomavirus (HPV)
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Achinyamata
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: zaka 11 mpaka 12
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 2
Nthawi: Miyezi yonseyi yoperekedwa pakati pa zaka 11 ndi 12 pa miyezi 6 kapena 12 yosiyana
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Zolemba zapadera: papillomavirus yaumunthu imayambitsa ziwalo zogonana. Katemera wa HPV amateteza khansa chifukwa cha papillomavirus yaumunthu. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV samapanga zizindikiro. Komabe, HPV ikhoza kuyambitsa mitundu yambiri ya khansa, kuphatikizapo khansara ya chiberekero, kansa ya penile, khansara ya ana, ndi khansa ya mmero. Ngakhale katemera wa HPV kamodzi kamakonzedwanso kwa atsikana, tsopano akulimbikitsidwa kwa anyamata ndi atsikana.
Katemera wa pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPSV23)
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Okalamba
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Zaka za oyang'anira oyang'anira: zaka 65 (zocheperapo m'magulu ena oopsa)
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: Kawirikawiri imodzi
Nthawi: Mlingo wosakwatiwa ukuperekedwa kwa anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi zaka 65 kapena kuposerapo.
Njira ya jekeseni: Kupweteka
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Mankhwala apadera: PPSV23 imateteza mitundu 23 ya mabakiteriya a pneumococcal. Kaŵirikaŵiri amaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu oposa 65 omwe ali pangozi yaikulu ya chibayo cha pneumococcal. Magulu ena omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu angathenso katemera, monga anthu okalamba kuposa awiri omwe ali ndi immunodeficiency ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo komanso anthu omwe ali oposa 19 omwe ali ndi mphumu kapena utsi.
Katemera wa Shingles
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Anthu okalamba
Adzakonzedwa kwa aliyense: Inde
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: zaka 65 (wamng'ono kwa magulu akuluakulu oopsa)
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: Mmodzi
Nthawi: Mlingo umodzi woperekedwa pambuyo pa 65
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Zolemba zapadera: Katemera wa shingles amateteza shingles, zomwe zimabweretsa vuto lopweteka lotchedwa post-herpetic neuralgia. Mwapadera, katemera wa shingles amachepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi zibwenzi ndi 51 peresenti ndi post-herpetic neuralgia ndi 67 peresenti.
Ndi nkhwangwa, kupweteka kumachitika kumalo amodzimodzi ndi kutukwana (mwachitsanzo, pambali pa dermatomes). Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo kofanana ndi nkhuku: varicella-zoster virus. Pamene anthu akula, chiopsezo chawo chokhala ndi zibwenzi chimakula. Anthu osapitirira zaka 40 sakhala ndi chikhalidwe cha neuralgia.
Katemera wa kolera
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Akuluakulu
Wokonzedwa kwa aliyense: Ayi, ndi anthu okha omwe amapita ku madera otentha kumene kolera imafalikira.
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: Pakati pa zaka 18 ndi 64.
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: Mmodzi
Nthawi: Masiku 10 musanayambe ulendo
Njira yoyendetsera: Pakamwa
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Mankhwala apadera: Kolera ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a Vibrio cholera . Cholera imayambitsa kutsekula m'madzi kumene kumatha kuthamanga kuchoka ku kufatsa mpaka kuopseza moyo. Matenda owopsa a kolera amatengera kutsekula m'mimba, kusanza, ndi kutaya madzi. Kwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo, chithandizo chofulumira ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi mavitamini ndizofunikira. Katemera wa kolera unavomerezedwa ndi FDA mu 2016.
Katemera wotchedwa Encephalitis Vaccine
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Ana, ana, achinyamata, akuluakulu, ndi okalamba
Ovomerezedwa kwa aliyense: Ayi, ndi anthu okha omwe amayenda kukhala mwezi umodzi kapena kuposerapo m'madera kumene Japan encephalitis imafalitsidwa (mwachitsanzo, kumidzi ya Asia).
Mbadwo wa oyang'anira oyang'anira: miyezi iwiri
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 2
Nthawi: Madzi awiri amafalitsa masiku 28 ndi mlingo wotsiriza kupereka sabata imodzi musanayambe kuyenda
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Zolemba zapadera: Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka enchephalitis ku Japan samakhala ndi zizindikiro. Pakadwala matenda, matenda amatha kukhala wofatsa (mwachitsanzo, mutu ndi malungo) mpaka zoopsa (ie, matenda a ubongo kapena encephalitis). Encephalitis ya Japan imafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu. Zimaganizidwa kuti matenda opatsirana pogonana a Japan panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba akhoza kuvulaza mwana wosabadwa.
Katemera wa Fever Yellow
Gulu la zaka zapakati: Achinyamata, ana aang'ono, achinyamata, akuluakulu, ndi achikulire
Analangizidwa kwa aliyense: Inde, koma m'mayiko ena okha.
Zaka za katemera woyamba: miyezi 9
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 1
Nthawi: Mlingo umodzi wosaperekedwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi miyezi 9 kapena kuposerapo
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Mankhwala apadera: Katemera wa chiwindi wam'chikasu (katemera wa 17D) akulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe amakhala kumalo komwe chimfine chimapezeka kapena anthu omwe amapita kumalo amenewa. Chiwombankhanga chimafalikira ndi udzudzu kummwera kwa Sahara ndi South America. Kugonjetsedwa ndi chikondwerero cha chikasu kungayambitse malungo, minofu ya minofu, jaundice, ndi zina zambiri. (Zimatchedwa chikasu chifukwa cha jaundice zimayambitsa chikasu, maso, ndi ntchentche). Ambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chikasu amakhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa ndipo amafa. Ngati mukuyenda, samalani ndi katemera.
Katemera wa Chitopa
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Ana, achinyamata, akuluakulu, ndi okalamba
Analangizidwa kwa aliyense: Ayi, ndi okhawo omwe amapita ku mayiko kumene typhoid imafalikira (ie, Asia, Asia, Latin America, ndi Eastern Europe).
Zaka za katemera woyamba: zaka 2 za jekeseni; Zaka 6 za katemera wa m'kamwa
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: Zimatengera mtundu wa katemera. Kupweteka kumene kamaperekedwa kamodzi kwa milungu iwiri musanayambe ulendo wopititsa patsogolo zaka ziwiri zilizonse kwa omwe amakhalabe pachiopsezo cha matenda a typhoid. Katemera wam'thupi amapatsidwa maulendo 4 kuphatikizapo kulimbitsa thupi zaka zisanu ndi zisanu kwa iwo omwe amakhalabe pangozi ya matenda a typhoid.
Katemera wa pakamwa (wotsegula pakamwa): Capsule imatenga tsiku lililonse kwa sabata, ndipo mlingo womaliza umatenga sabata imodzi musanayambe ulendo
Njira yoyendetsera: Pakamwa (katemera wodwala wodwala typhoid); jekeseni (katemera wotsekemera wa typhoid)
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Zolemba zapadera: Katemera wa mphutsi amathandiza kupewa matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya otchedwa Salmonella Typhi . Zizindikiro za matenda a typhoid zimaphatikizapo kutentha kwa thupi, kufooka, kutopa, kupweteka mutu, kusowa kwa njala, ululu m'mimba, komanso kuchepa nthawi zambiri.
Anthu amatenga typhoid pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya ndi madzi owonongeka. Matendawa ndi osowa ku United States, Canada, Western Europe, ndi mayiko ena olemera. Chodziwika, katemera wa typhoid ndi othandiza pamene mukuyenda, koma si 100% yotetezera ku matenda; Choncho, muyenera kusamala kuti muteteze chakudya ndi madzi.
Katemera wa Amayi
Gulu la zaka zoyambirira: Zimadalira zaka zowoneka.
Alimbikitsidwa kwa aliyense: Ayi, ndi okhawo omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a chiwewe (makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito nyama zakutchire) kapena kwa anthu omwe ali pangozi yaikulu yowonekera, monga azimayi, ogwira nyama, ndi antchito a laboratori. Oyendayenda kupita kumadera ena kunja kwa United States kumene chiwopsezo chimakhala chofala ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka kwa nyama ayenera kugwiranso ntchito katemera.
Zaka za katemera woyamba: Zimadalira zaka zowoneka.
Chiwerengero cha Mlingo: 4 kwa omwe amavumbulutsidwa ndipo sanawululidwepo kale. Dziwani kuti, omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu angathe kutsogolera katemera. Rabies Immune Globulin, mfuti ina, imayendetsedwa panthawi imodzimodzi monga mlingo woyamba wa katemera wa rabies.
Kusintha nthawi (kwa nthawi yoyamba)
- Posachedwa pomwe pangathekele
- Tsiku lachitatu
- Tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri
- Tsiku lachinayi
Njira yoyendetsera : Injection
Chiwerewere: Amuna kapena akazi
Ndemanga yapadera: Mbira ndi matenda aakulu. Zitha kutenga masabata kapena miyezi kuti zizindikiro zowononga chiwewe ziwonekere, koma akangochita, chiwewe nthawi zonse chimayambitsa zotsatira zoipa. Aliyense yemwe angathe kutululidwa (kawirikawiri ndi kuluma kwa nyama zakutchire) ayenera katemera katemera nthawi yomweyo.
Poyamba, matenda a chiwewe amatha kuyambitsa malungo, kutopa, kupweteka, kupweteka mutu, ndi kukwiya. Zizindikiro zoyambirirazo zimatsatiridwa ndi ziwonongeko, kugunda, kufooka, ndi imfa. Ngakhale kuti chiwopsezo cha chiwewe ndi chosowa ku United States, chimapezeka kwambiri m'mayiko ena. Maboti ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku matenda a chiwewe ku United States. Pakati pa 16,000 ndi 39,000 ku America amapezeka katemera chaka chilichonse ngati njira yodziletsa.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Malangizo a 2017 Kutetezedwa kwa Akuluakulu: Pa Age.
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Ndondomeko za Katemera: Ndandanda ya Ana ndi Achinyamata.
> Parashar UD, Glass RI. Viral Gastroenteritis. Mu: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Mfundo za Harrison za Internal Medicine, 19e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Ndondomeko Zodziwitsa Katemera: Pneumococcal Polysaccharide VIS.
> Bungwe la Padziko Lonse la Umoyo. Kutentha kwa dzuwa.
> Zimmerman R, Middleton DB. Mutu 7. Nthawi Zonse Zomwe Achinyamata Amapezeka Katemera. Mu: South-Paul JE, Matheny SC, Lewis EL. eds. Kufufuza Koyamba ndi Kuchiritsidwa mu Mankhwala a Banja, 3e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.