Kuchuluka kwa shuga wowonjezera kwapezeka kuti ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za mliri wamenepa kwambiri. Njira imodzi yomwe yapangidwa kuti ichepetse kumwa izi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito "msonkho wa shuga."
Ndiye kodi "msonkho wa shuga," ndipo kodi umagwira ntchito kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri?
Malangizo pa Zowonjezera Zowonjezera
American Heart Association (AHA) imalimbikitsa kuti kudya kwa shuga kusapitirire supuni 6 (pafupifupi 24g) tsiku ndi tsiku kwa amayi ndi masupuni 9 (pafupifupi 36g) tsiku lililonse kwa amuna.
Pakalipano, malinga ndi Dipatimenti ya Ulimi ya United States (USDA), pafupifupi 12 ounce iliyonse ya cola imakhala ndi supuni 8 za shuga. Choncho, pomwa chakumwa chochepa chaching'ono, mayi akadakhala kutali kwambiri kuposa shuga yake yochulukirapo tsiku lililonse, ndipo munthu angakhale pafupi naye. Ndi nambala ngati izi, n'zosavuta kuona momwe amwenye ambiri amatha kudya supuni 22 za shuga wowonjezera patsiku, kupitirira kupambana kwa AHA. Ndipo, pofufuza kuchokera pamenepo, zimakhala zosavuta kuona momwe msinkhu wa zakudya zamtundu wambiri wambiri umathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa mliri wa kunenepa kwambiri pakapita nthawi.
Kutuluka kwa msonkho wa shuga
Mizinda yambiri ya ku America yanena-ndipo ena apitanso patsogolo-msonkho wowonjezera shuga wambiri, kawirikawiri ngati msonkho wa zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa New York unapereka msonkho wapadera kwa Mayor Michael Bloomberg, ndipo mu 2016, bungwe la City of Philadelphia linapereka msonkho pa zakumwa zotsekemera.
Kuonjezera apo, mayiko ena apereka msonkho pa zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Ku Mexico, msonkho wa zakumwa zotsekemera unayambitsa kugulitsa zakumwazi. Chimodzimodzinso chinachitika pamene dziko la France linayambitsa msonkho wa zakumwa zotsekemera (kuphatikizapo zomwe zili ndi zotsekemera zowonjezera ) mu 2012.
Norway ili ndi msonkho wa shuga wambiri pa mankhwala onse omwe ali ndi shuga yowonjezera, kuphatikizapo zakumwa za shuga.
Ndipo South Africa ili ndi ndondomeko ya msonkho wa shuga mu bajeti yake ya 2017, ndikuipanga dziko loyamba la ku Africa kuti lichite.
Zotsatira za msonkho wa Berkeley
Mu nkhani yotulutsidwa mu American Journal of Public Health mu October 2016, Falbe ndi anzake adaganizira momwe zingakhalire, ngati zilipo, msonkho wa Berkeley unkagwiritsidwa ntchito mowa.
Monga momwe olembawo amanenera, mu March 2015 Berkeley, Calif., Anakhala ulamuliro woyamba ku United States kuti agwiritse ntchito msonkho wotere, pa $ 0.01 panthawi iliyonse ya zakumwa zakumwa. Kotero, iwo ankakhoza kuyang'ana kusintha kwa chisanafike ndi kumbuyo kwa misonkho yogwiritsiridwa ntchito, ndipo iwo anasankha kuyang'ana makamaka pa malo ochepetsetsa ku Berkeley motsatira mizinda ya San Francisco ndi Oakland.
Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti zakumwa zoledzeretsa zinachepera ndi 21 peresenti ku Berkeley, pamene zikuwonjezeka ndi 4 peresenti ku San Francisco ndi Oakland. Kuwonjezera apo, kumwa madzi kunakula ndi 63 peresenti ku Berkeley, poyerekeza ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 19 peresenti m'midzi ina.
Kufufuza kwa kanthawi kochepa kukuwonetsa kuti, m'madera osungiramo ndalama zochepa, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kungachepetsedwe ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa msonkho wamtengo wapatali. Kaya kapena ayi, izi zidzakhala zosalekeza, zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri .
Yothandizidwa ndi bungwe la World Health Organization
Mu October 2016, World Health Organisation (WHO) idatuluka popereka msonkho wa shuga pa zakumwa zofewa.
Bungwe la WHO linatulutsa kale chitsogozo mu 2015 chomwe chinalimbikitsa kuti "akulu ndi ana amachepetsa kudya kwawo kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa shuga waulere osachepera 10 peresenti ya chakudya chawo chonse." Izi zinapitiriza kunena kuti "kuchepa kwina kumapitirira 5 peresenti kapena pafupifupi magalamu 25 (masupuni 6) tsiku lililonse angapereke zowonjezera zowonjezera thanzi. "
Komanso, mu lipoti la WHO lomwe lili ndi mutu wakuti "Malamulo a Ndalama Zakudya Zakudya Zosatetezedwa (NCDs)," WHO inanena kuti "zakumwa zakumwa zakumwa za shuga zimachepa ndi kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri, mtundu wa shuga 2, ndi kuwonongeka kwa dzino."
Bungwe la WHO linanenanso mu lipotili kuti "ndondomeko za ndalama zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonjezereka kwa 20 peresenti mu mtengo wa malonda a zakumwa za shuga zingayambitse kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa."
Bungwe la WHO linanenanso kuti kugwirizana pakati pa shuga wowonjezereka ndi nthendayi ya padziko lonse ndi matenda a shuga, omwe nthawi zambiri ndi mbali ziwiri za ndalama zomwezo.
Kumene Sug Sugongeza Akubisala
Kuwona kuti zowonjezera zowonjezera nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta, chifukwa muyenera kudziwa zomwe mungayang'ane pazolemba zosakaniza. Koma kudziwa izi ndizofunikira kukuthandizani kuthetsa shuga wowonjezera kuchokera ku zakudya zanu.
Choyamba, muyenera kukumbukira kuti mawu akuti "shuga wowonjezera" amatanthauza shuga onse omwe amawonjezeredwa ku chakudya, osati zomwe zimachitika mwachibadwa.
Chifukwa opanga chakudya adapeza njira zosiyanasiyana komanso zowonjezera zomwe zimaphatikizapo shuga ku zakudya kuchokera ku ketchup kupita ku zakumwa zakumwa zofewa, zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira shuga wambiri muzitsulo zolembedwa pa malemba odya.
Mukamafuna shuga wowonjezera pa chinthu chilichonse chimene mumagula-chakudya kapena chakumwa-kuwonjezera pa mawu alionse omwe ali ndi mawu akuti "shuga," yang'anani zotsatirazi: chophika chirichonse chomwe chimathera mu "-ose" (monga maltose, dextrose, sucrose, fructose, lactose), komanso mazira a chimanga cha fructose, nyamakazi, uchi, chimanga cha chimanga, madzi otulutsa madzi, madzi, ndi madzi a zipatso.
Zotsatira Zambiri Zowonjezera Zowonjezera
Ngakhale kuti zakumwa zoledzeretsa zikuwoneka ngati zikuwongolera mchitidwe wokhudzana ndi shuga wochulukirapo umene ungapezeke muchitumiki chimodzi, palinso zina zomwe zimapezeka kuti zidziwe.
Malingana ndi American Heart Association, magulu akuluakulu a shuga wambiri pa zakudya zathu ndi zakumwa zofewa, maswiti, mikate, cookies, pie, zakumwa za zipatso, zakumwa za mkaka ndi zakudya zamkaka (monga ayisikilimu ndi yogurt yotsekemera), ndi tirigu. Chakumwa chokoma kwambiri ndi zakumwa za zipatso zimakhala ndi shuga wochuluka kwambiri, makamaka, kuti amatchedwa "shuga wamadzi" ndi akatswiri ena.
Mwachitsanzo, mpata wokhala ndi zokolola, umakhala wotchuka kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga wowonjezereka womwe ungapezeke m'magulangidwe kumeneko. N'zosadabwitsa kupeza tirigu wochokera ku malonda odziwika omwe ali ndi shuga wambiri monga chinthu chokhacho chachikulu, kupanga 50 peresenti kapena zochuluka za zomwe zili mu bokosilo.
Komanso, musaiwale zoopsa za zakumwa zakumwa, zomwe zambiri zimakhala ndi supuni 20 kapena supuni ya shuga, yomwe ndi ndalama zochuluka, makamaka pamene akulingalira zomwe AHA akunena kuti amayi achikulire amadya supuni 6 zowonjezera shuga patsiku , komanso osapitirira 9 masipuniketi a amuna akuluakulu. Ndipo izi zimaphatikizapo zoopsa za mtima zomwe zimamwa ndi zakumwa zakumwa, kuphatikizapo kukweza magazi ndi kuthamanga kwa mtima.
Kupanga Madzi Anu Chakudya Chachikulu
Popeza zonsezi zili pamwamba, pali zambiri zomwe munganene kuti mupange madzi anu mowa. Khofi yakuda ndi tiyi yosatulutsidwa (onetsetsani kuti gawo la "unsweetened" komweko ndilofunika) ndilolondola ndipo ali ndi ubwino wawo wa thanzi.
Sikuti madzi ali ndi zero zokha, komanso amakhala ndi ubwino wambiri wathanzi, chifukwa chothandizira kuchepetsa kufooka ndi kuchepetsa kufooka kwa impso. Choncho nthawi yotsatira mukamwera chakumwa, perekani madzi akumwa. Thupi lanu lidzakuthokozani chifukwa cha izo.
> Zotsatira:
> Falbe J, Thompson HR, Becker CM, Rojas N, McCulloch CE, Madsen KA. Zotsatira za msonkho wa Berkeley wamtengo wapatali pa shuga-zotsekemera zakumwa zakumwa. Buku Lopatulika la Umoyo Wathanzi. 2016; 106: 1865-1871.
> Johnson R et al. Zakudya za shuga komanso moyo wa mtima: shuga kuchokera ku American Heart Association. Circulation 2009.
> Bungwe la Padziko Lonse la Umoyo. Ndondomeko za ndalama za zakudya ndi kupewa matenda osatetezedwa (NCDs). Lembani. 2016.
> Bungwe la Padziko Lonse la Umoyo. Zakudya zimadya anthu akuluakulu ndi ana. Malangizo. 2015.