Zoonadi, Zika kachilombo kamveketsa zosowa. Zika kachilombo ndizovuta kwambiri: Ndi kachilombo komwe kanali koyamba ku Africa mu 1940 ndikufalikira padziko lonse ndi Aedes aegypti , mitundu yosautsa ya udzudzu wochokera ku Africa. (Zika kachilombo kawirikawiri imafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu wa Aedes albopictus kapena Asian tiger ndipo mwina mitundu ina ya Aedes.) Komabe, Zika kachilombo kamakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda omwe timadziwa bwino bwino. HIV .
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Zonsezi N'zotheka KutenthaChoyamba, pali zizindikiro zovuta kuti mazira ndi Zika ndi mavitamini . Mtundu wotchedwa teratogen ndi chilengedwe kapena chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa vuto kapena imfa kwa mwana wosabadwa kapena fetus. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi varicella (yomwe imayambitsa nkhuku ndi herpes zoster), heavy metal lead, ndi radiation.
Mitsempha ndi yotchedwa treatogen yomwe imakhulupirira kuti imayambitsa imfa ya fetus. Palinso umboni wosakanikirana womwe umagwirizanitsa kachilombo kameneka ndi endocardial fibroelastosis, matenda a mtima obadwa m'mimba omwe angayambitse mtima.
Zika kachilombo kamene kanalandira makina ambiri chifukwa ana okwana 4000 ku Brazil, komwe katswiri wa udzudzu Aedes aegypti akufalikira, wabadwa ndi microcephaly . Microcephaly imatanthawuza pamene mwana wabadwa ali ndi mutu waung'ono, kapena mutu wachizungu pafupifupi 20 peresenti yocheperapo. Malingana ndi kuuma kwake, microcephaly angatanthauze kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kwanthawi zonse kapena kufa msanga. Boma la Brazil lapeza kachilombo ka Zika mu ubongo wa ana ena obadwa ndi microcephaly.
Pofuna kuwona zotsatirazi, chiwerengero cha microcephaly ku Brazil chawonjezeka makumi atatu panthawi ya 2016. Kufalikira kwa Zika kachilomboko kumagwirizana ndi Kombe la World 2014, pamene anthu ankapita ku Brazil kuchokera kudziko lonse lapansi .
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Zonsezi ndi ma ARVs a RNAPalibe zodabwitsa apa ... Zika kachirombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi mavairasi. Ngakhale zili choncho, ngakhale zida zawo, mavairasiwa amafanana.
Mwachindunji, mavenda am'mimba, kapena paramyxovirus, masewera omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito, osasokonezeka kwambiri a RNA. Mofananamo, Zika kachilombo ndi flavivirus yomwe ili ndi chingwe chimodzi cha RNA.
Mavairasi awa amawonekera kufalikira mosiyana. Mitsempha imafalikira pamlengalenga pogwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi opuma komanso kusinthanitsa kwa mpeni ndi kufotokoza mafomu (zinthu zopanda moyo monga zogona kapena ziwiya).
Ngakhale kuti Zika kachilombo ingathe kufalikira ndi kugonana kapena kuikidwa magazi, njira zazikulu zomwe kachilomboka amafalikira ndi kupyolera kwa udzudzu kapena kutuluka kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana wosabadwa.
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Zimakhala ndi zotsatira muzizindikiro zofananaZizindikiro zonse zogonana ndi Zika kachilombo ndi mavitenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV zimakhala zozizwitsa mwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Zikavuta, Zika kachirombo kamayambitsa zizindikiro mwa anthu mmodzi mwa anthu asanu aliwonse omwe ali ndi HIV. Matenda a mitsempha amachititsa kuti zizindikiro zowoneka bwino za anthu pafupifupi theka la anthu zikutheka.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ngakhale kuti mimba yamatenda imatha kukhala yonyansa kwambiri ndipo imagunda ziwalo pakati pa ziwalo zina zowopsya, mwa anthu ambiri, mavairasi onsewa amachititsa kuti zizindikiro zikhale zovuta kwambiri, kapena zizindikiro zochepa zodzipiritsa.
Pano pali zizindikiro zina zomwe zimayambira:
- malungo
- malaise
- kutopa
- anorexia
- Kutupa kwa glands za parotid (parotitis) ndi glands zonyansa
Nazi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimayambitsa kachilombo ka Zika:
- malungo
- mutu
- chikhure
- Lymphadenopathy
- ululu wa minofu
- ululu wophatikizapo
- kuthamanga
- conjunctivitis (pinkeye)
Zindikirani, zonsezi ndi Zika zimasowa zizindikiro za kupuma.
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Kuyerekeza MankhwalaPali mankhwala enaake omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV kapena mavitamini. M'malomwake, matenda onsewa amachiritsidwa, zomwe zimatanthauza kuti tili ndi njira zothandizira matenda okha chifukwa cha matendawa.
Matumbo amatha kupatsidwa mankhwala opuma, ozizira kapena ofunda komanso mankhwala opumula monga acetaminophen komanso kuyang'anira zakudya zofewa ndi madzi. Bulu nthawi imodzi yopanga sequelae, kapena zotsatira zake, zotsatira za mitsempha yachangu imadziwika okha patapita masiku angapo.
Zowawa ndi zowawa za Zika kachilombo zimathandizidwanso ndi madzi, mpumulo wa bedi, ndi mankhwala a analgesic monga acetaminophen (Tylenol). Dziwani kuti anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Zika sayenera kutenga NSAID monga aspirin ndi ibuprofen chifukwa mankhwalawa amachulukitsa ngozi.
Monga mitsempha, zizindikiro za Zika kachilombo kawirikawiri zimachoka paokha-kutenga masiku angapo kwa milungu kuti achite zimenezo. Pomalizira pake, anthu ena omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Zika akupitiriza kukhala ndi matenda a Guillain-Barre , omwe amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyenda ndi kuyenda.
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KupewaPamodzi ndi katemera wambiri, mwana aliyense kunja uko akuyenera kutenga katemera wa MMR ( chimfine , mapiko, ndi rubella). Kawirikawiri, katemera watseketsa mitsempha. Tsoka, choopsya chachikulu choteteza khunyu ndi gulu la antivaccination.
Komabe, ngakhale tili ndi katemera watsopano wa dengue-matenda ofanana ndi kachilombo ka ZIka-tilibe katemera wa Zika. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, pangakhale nthawi yochepa kuti tipeze katemera wa Zika kachilomboka. Kupanga katemera kumatenga ndalama zambiri, kuyesetsa zambiri ndi nthawi yochuluka. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo cha Zika chiteteze nkhondo.
Ngakhale zili choncho, pali chifukwa chokhalira ndi magazi chifukwa chakuti Zika kachilombo ka HIV kamakhudzidwa ndi ntchito zothandiza anthu. Chiyembekezo cha ana obadwa ndi microcephaly kudera la South ndi Central America ndi chowopsya.
Pakalipano, njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera zitha zowononga tizilombo zimaphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo (kwa azungu) timapewa kuyenda ndi amayi oyembekezera ku mayiko kumene udzudzu umafalitsa kachilombo ka Zika. (Mwatsoka, ku Brazil mtengo wa botolo la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi $ 8, zomwe zimapangitsa mtengo wokwera kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amachita pafupifupi $ 160 pamwezi. Mwachidziŵikire, boma la Brazil linalonjeza kuti lizipereka kwaulere kwa anthu osauka. Boma la Brazil lagwiritsanso ntchito asilikali 200,000 pofuna kuthetseratu udzudzu wa Aedes.)
Potsirizira pake, kachilombo ka Zika imagawana zofanana ndi mavairasi omwe sali mitsempha. Mwachitsanzo, Zika kachilombo ndi CMV zonse zimabereka zolepheretsa ana ndi zizindikiro zozizira za akuluakulu. Komanso, malungo ndi kachilombo koyambitsa udzudzu komwe kumayambitsa zotsatira za mimba zosauka. Komabe, ndinapita ndi mitsempha chifukwa muli ndi katemera wothandizira, ndipo ndikuyembekezera, zingakhale zabwino ngati titagwira katemera wa Zika katemera.
Zotsatira:
"Mavuto a Teratogenic of Malformation" a E. Gilbert-Barness mu Annals of Laborratory & Clinical Sciences mu 2010.
Rubin SA, Carbone KM. Amagwedeza. Mu: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Mfundo za Harrison za Internal Medicine, 19e . New York, NY: Hill ya McGraw; 2015.