Osteoporosis , kutanthauza "porous bone", ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti mafupa apite patsogolo. Kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya mafupa kungachititse kuti fupa likhale lopunduka komanso lathyoka, makamaka m'chiuno, msana, ndi mkono.
Osteoporosis amaonedwa ngati mtundu wa nyamakazi. Kawirikawiri, matenda a osteoporosis akusokonezeka ndi osteoarthritis (mtundu wambiri wa nyamakazi), koma ndi matenda awiri osiyana.
Zizindikiro
Matenda a mitsempha imatengedwa ngati "matenda osalimba" chifukwa kupuma kwa mafupa kumatayika kwa zaka zambiri popanda zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro. Matendawa amakhalabe osadziwika mpaka atakula kwambiri moti mafupa ofookawo amathyoka mosavuta. Matenda a osteoporosis ndi omwe amachititsa anthu mamiliyoni 1.5 kuphulika chaka chilichonse.
Ndani Amapewa Kufooka Kwambiri?
Osteoporosis ndizofunika kwambiri pa umoyo ndi anthu oposa 25 miliyoni a ku America, 80% mwa iwo ndi akazi. Akuti amayi amodzi mwa amayi awiri ndi amodzi mwa amuna asanu ali ndi vuto lopweteka m'mimba pa nthawi ina pamoyo wawo. Pofika zaka 75, mmodzi mwa atatu mwa anthu onse adzakhudzidwa ndi matenda a mitsempha. Ngakhale kutsekula m'mimba kumaganiziridwa ngati matenda a munthu akale, kumakhala kovuta pa msinkhu uliwonse.
Zowopsa
Pali zifukwa zina zomwe zingapangitse anthu ena kukhala ndi matenda otupa mimba kuposa ena:
- ukalamba
- kukhala wamkazi
- mbiri ya banja ya matenda otupa mafupa
- woonda kapena waung'ono
- kusamba kwa nthawi yoyamba , kaya mwachibadwa kapena opaleshoni
- amuna okhala ndi testosterone otsika
- amanda
- anorexia kapena bulimia
- matenda oopsa
- nyamakazi ya nyamakazi
- Matenda omwe amaletsa m'mimba kutsegula kalisiyamu
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a corticosteroid (gwiritsani ntchito mlingo wotsika kwambiri kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha osteoporosis ndi zotsatira zina)
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
- chakudya chokhala ndi calcium
- kusowa zolimbitsa thupi
- kusuta fodya
- kumwa kwambiri mowa wa khofi
Kudziwa
Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa matenda a mitsempha ndikofunika kwambiri. Pali mayesero omwe amatha kuzindikira mavuto a mafupa a mafupa:
- Mlingo wotsika x-ray pa chala kapena wrist
- Ultrasound ya chidendene
- CT yothetsera msana
- Matenda osokoneza mafupa otchedwa DEXA (Dual Energy X-Ray Absorption Test
Ma x-rays sakuzindikira kuti matendawa amatha mpaka mphindi imodzi ya mafupa atha kale. Pomwepo zowoneka kuti zowonongeka zilipo kale. DEXA ndi chida choyambirira chodziwiratu ndipo amatha kuona ngati limodzi la magawo atatu a mafupa.
DEXA amagwiritsira ntchito mlingo wochepa wa ma radiation, umagwiritsa ntchito mchiuno ndi msana womwe ndi malo omwe anthu ambiri amagwidwa, ndipo amawoneka kuti ndi otetezeka komanso omasuka kwa wodwalayo. Komabe, DEXA yomwe imatchedwa "standard gold" ya mafupa osakanikirana mayeso sangayende ndi mapulani a inshuwalansi. Zikatero, anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo cha osteoporosis ayenera kupeza imodzi yosakayikitsa ndalama zochepetsedwa zomwe zayamba. Ngati pali umboni wa mafupa omwe kampani ya inshuwalansi ikhoza kulipira mayeso a DEXA pomwe akusonyezedwa.
Chithandizo
Panopa pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a m'mimba:
- estrogens
- mahomoni a parathyroid
- mafupa opanga mafupa
- bisphosphonates
- chisamaliro cha estrogen receptor modulators
Malingana ndi zomwe mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito mungathe kuchepetsa kuperewera kwa mafupa, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mafupa, ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha fractures. Mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a osteoporosis tsopano akuphatikizapo:
- Actonel (Risedronate)
- Boniva (Ibandronate)
- Didronel (Etidronate)
- Estrogens (Hormone Therapy)
- Evista (Raloxifene)
- Forteo (Teriparatide)
- Fosamax (Alendronate)
- Miacalcin (Calcitonin)
Kupewa
Kupewa matenda a mitsempha kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi zinthu zitatu:
- Zakudya zabwino, zokhala ndi calcium ndi vitamini D okwanira kudzera mu zakudya kapena supplementation
- Zochita zolimbitsa thupi
- Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu mwakumvetsera zovuta zomwe zingasinthe (mwachitsanzo, kusuta)
Osteoporosis ndi Zakudya Zabwino
Zakudya zabwino ndi zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mafupa. Calcium ndizowonjezera zakudya zamatenda. Kwenikweni, 99% ya kashiamu ya thupi lonse imapezeka mu fupa. Calcium imafunikanso kuti azigwira bwino ntchito ya mtima, minofu, mitsempha, komanso kuzimitsa magazi.
Palinso zakudya zina zofunika chifukwa zimakhudza calcium absorption ndi calcium excretion. Vitamini D imapangitsa kuti calcium isakanike m'mimba mwa m'mimba kotero kuti imakhudza kwambiri calcium. Zakudya za vitamini D zikuphatikizapo kuwala kwa dzuwa, nsomba zamtundu, mazira, chiwindi, ndi zakudya zokhala ndi mpanda (kuphatikizapo mkaka ndi multivitamins).
Mapuloteni ndi ofunika pa chakudya chathu chifukwa amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lokula, komanso kukonzanso minofu. Mapuloteni amafunikanso kukonzanso mapuloteni ndi ntchito yoyenera chitetezo cha mthupi. Komabe, mapuloteni amachititsa kuti calcium excretion ikhale yowonjezera kuti mukhale ndi kashiamu wambiri kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zoyenera m'thupi.
Sodium, pamodzi ndi kloride monga zigawo za mchere, imathandizanso kuti calcium iyambe. Anthu omwe ali ndi mchere wochuluka amafunika calcium yambiri.
Oxalate imapezeka mu zakudya zina, monga sipinachi, rhubarb, ndi mbatata. Oxalate imalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa kashiamu kuchokera ku chakudya chomwecho.
Phosphorous ndi mchere wofunikira mu zakudya zathu. Ambiri mwa phosphorous m'matupi athu amasungidwa m'mafupa, ndi mano ochepa, DNA, ndi maselo. Kudya kwambiri phosphorous (mwachitsanzo, cola kapena zakudya zowonongeka) kungapangitse kuyamwa kwa calcium. Kawirikawiri, izi sizingaganizidwe kuti ndizovuta kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito zapsoyo.
Zakudya zomwe zili ndi caffeine zingachepetse kuyamwa kwa calcium, koma osati kwambiri. Ndipotu, kuchepetsa kuchepa kungapangitse mkaka wanu zakudya. Dziwani kuti caffeine imachepetsanso kuchepetsa mphamvu ya calcium ndipo zimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke.
Ndikofunika kumvetsera zakudya. Kudya mokwanira kwa zakudya kumathandiza kusunga thanzi labwino ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu choyamba kufooka kwa mitsempha.
Zotsatira:
Malangizo a Glucocorticoid-Amathandiza Osteoporosis Guide, mwachidule, American College of Rheumatology. Idasinthidwa June 2015.
Zolemba Zenizeni za Kutsekula kwa Mitsempha. American College of Rheumatology. Sinthani May May 2015.
Kuchepa kwa Mitsempha Yambiri. NIH Osteoporosis ndi Matenda Okhudza Matenda Ogwirizana.
Chakudya ndi Mipono Yanu. National Osteoporosis Foundation.