Matendawa amapitirira kukula ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo akukula
Gonorrhea, yomwe imatchedwanso "chikwapu," ndiyo matenda opatsirana pogonana (STD) omwe amachititsidwa ndi mabakiteriya a Neisseria gonorrhoeae . Ngakhale matendawa amatha kupangitsa zizindikiro, kuphatikizapo kumaliseche kapena kupweteka kwa penile ndi kupweteka pamene mukukodza kapena pa nthawi yogonana, nthawi zambiri zimabwera popanda umboni wotere. Kwazaka zambiri, mabakiteriyawa akhala akulimbana kwambiri ndi maantibayotiki ambiri.
Ngakhale mlingo umodzi wa azithromycin ndi ceftriaxone ukhoza kusokoneza matenda ambiri, kubwezeretsedwa kumakhala kofala. Ngati simunasamalidwe, matendawa amatha kupweteka kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kutaya pathupi, kusabereka, nyamakazi, komanso ngakhale khungu.
Gonorrhea imakhudza amuna ndi akazi ndipo imafalitsidwa kwa ana akhanda atabadwa. Anthu opitirira 800,000 amalembedwa ku United States chaka chilichonse-ndipo mlingo ukukwera.
Zizindikiro
Malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), amayi 90 pa 100 alionse komanso 40 peresenti ya amuna omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi zizindikiro . Ngati zizindikiro zikuwonekera, nthawi zambiri amakhala ofatsa komanso osalongosoka ndipo amangolakwitsa chifukwa cha matenda ena, kuphatikizapo matenda a mkodzo, strep throat, matenda a yisiti, kapena mafinya.
Zizindikiro zofala kwa amayi ndizo:
- Vaginal kumwa
- Ululu mukakodza
- Kusuntha pakati pa nthawi
- Mimba yapansi kapena ululu wa m'mimba
Zizindikiro zowoneka mwa amuna ndizo:
- Kutuluka kwa chikasu cha chikasu kuchokera ku mbolo
- Ululu mukakodza
- Kupweteka kapena kutupa mu khungu kapena mapulogalamu
Pharyngeal (throat) (gonorrhea) imayambitsa kupweteka kobaya pakhosi, pamene mphutsi yamtunduwu imapezeka kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za kutentha, zovuta, ndi kupweteka panthawi ya mimba.
Matenda a diso amathakanso, chifukwa cha zizindikiro za conjunctivitis (diso la pinki).
Ngati simunalandidwe, gonorrhea ingayambitse matenda opweteka kwambiri (PID) mwa amayi ndi epididymitis mwa amuna, zonsezi zomwe zingayambitse kusabereka. Kawirikawiri, kufalitsa matenda a gonococcal (DGI) , meningitis , ndi zina zowopsa zikhoza kuchitika.
Gonorrhea ingathenso kuonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV monga matenda omwe amamera mucosal amachititsa kachilomboka kukhala kovuta kulowa mu thupi.
Ana obadwa kumene amapezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV pamene akubereka nthawi zina amakhala ndi matenda opatsirana maso omwe amatchedwa ophthalmia neonatorum , omwe, ngati osatulutsidwa, amachititsa khungu ndi mavuto ena.
Zimayambitsa
Matenda a Neisseria gonorrhoeae amaperekedwa makamaka pakamwa, m'mimba, kapena pachiwerewere. Kutumiza kwa amayi kupita kwa mwana sikuchitika makamaka pamene mwana ali m'mimba. M'malo mwake, zimachitika pamene mwana akudutsa mumtsinje wobadwa.
Zimbudzi, zobisika za m'mimba, zobisika zapakati, ndipo, pamtunda, saliva akhoza kukhala ndi udindo wofalitsa. Gonorrhea sangathe kudutsa mwazi kapena mkaka wa m'mawere.
Zowopsa za matendawa ndi:
- Achinyamata (anthu opitirira zaka 25 ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu)
- Ambiri ogonana nawo
- Kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu kosagwirizana
- Atakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa gonorrheal
- Atakhala ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana m'mbuyomo
Kuperewera kwa thupi kumakhala kofala kwa anthu omwe poyamba ankachiritsidwa kuti akhale ndi gonorrhea. Kafukufuku wa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri omwe a US Army anapeza, akuti, pakati pa 17,602 ogwira ntchito, amuna 13,4 peresenti ndi akazi okwana 14.4 peresenti amakhala ndi kachilombo kamodzi kowonongeka. Mosiyana ndi matenda ena othandizira, atapatsidwa chithandizo cha gonorrhea sungathe kuteteza chitetezo cha mthupi.
Kudziwa
Pali mayesero atatu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito matendawa , omwe ali nawo ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zofooka zawo:
- Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) imayesedwa m "mzere woyamba wa mzere woyamba wa mimba ya chiberekero / umuna kapena mbolo. Ngakhale kuti NAAT imakhala yofulumira komanso yowona bwino, sivomerezedwa kuti muzindikire kuti matendawa ndi ochepa kwambiri.
- Zikondwerero zabakiteriya zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira kuti matendawa ndi amtundu, ziwalo zam'mimba, maso ndi maso. Ngakhale zothandiza, chikhalidwe ndizodziwika bwino, zosayesedwa zokha zomwe zingasokonezedwe ndi zolakwika za labu ndi kusonkhanitsa kosayenera.
- Kujambula gram ndi njira yachizolowezi yofufuza momwe dyes amagwiritsira ntchito kusiyanitsa mabakiteriya pansi pa microscope. Pamene ndondomeko ikhoza kupereka zotsatira zomveka kwa amuna, sizingatheke kutero mwa amayi.
Pamene kuyesedwa kwapakhomo kuliponso, kulondola kwawo kuli kosiyana; Zolakwika za ogwiritsira ntchito ndizofala.
Chithandizo
Kwazaka 35 zapitazo, matenda a gonorrhea omwe akuyenda pakati pa anthu akutsutsana kwambiri ndi mankhwala ophera mankhwala. Kuchokera m'ma 1980 pamene penicillin sanagwire ntchito mpaka 2012 pamene tetracyclines sichiyambanso kugwira ntchito, zida zothandizira mankhwala zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala ochepa chabe omwe angathetsere matendawa mosavuta.
Kuti izi zitheke, mu 2015, CDC inalimbikitsa motsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana ammimba mu monotherapy kuti athetse khansa. Chimene iwo adachizindikira chinali chakuti anthu sanali kumaliza mankhwala awo monga momwe anauzidwa ndipo, m'malo mopha bakiteriya, iwo anali kulola kuti izo zisinthe ndikukhala molimba kwambiri-kukana kumene iwo angapereke kwa ena.
CDC imavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zochizira matenda opatsirana achiberekero a chiberekero, urethra, rectum, kapena mmero mwa akuluakulu: kuphatikiza kwa jekeseni la m'mimba mwa ceftriaxone ndi mlingo wa azithromycin . Mwa kuthetsa matendawa ndi mlingo umodzi, osati ochuluka, CDC ikuyembekeza kuchepetsa liwiro la kukana kumene kukukula.
Maantibayotiki ena amapezeka kwa iwo omwe amatsutsa mankhwala ovomerezeka. Mlingo waukulu kapena chithandizo chokwanira chingafunike pazochitika monga DGI ndi matenda a gonococcal a diso. Ana ambiri omwe angoyamba kubadwa amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mlingo umodzi, ngakhale kuti matendawa amafalitsidwa mpaka kukafika masiku 14 a antibiotic.
Mawu Ochokera
Pamene lingaliro lakutenga mimba limatha kusokoneza, siliyenera kukulepheretsani kuchita kanthu ngati mukuganiza kuti mwatenga kachilomboka. Kuyesera kungatheke mwachinsinsi ndipo zotsatira zitha kubwezedwa masiku awiri kapena atatu.
Poyambirira mumapeza kuti ndinu wotsimikiza ngati muli, poyamba mukhoza kuyamba mankhwala. Izi sizitha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha mavuto koma chiopsezo chanu ku HIV . Ngati zotsatira zake ziri zoipa, zingathandize kulimbikitsa njira zogonana zogwiritsira ntchito, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu komanso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu ogonana.
Kuti mupeze malo oyesa pafupi ndi inu, pitani ku malo ochezera a CDC. Makilomita ambiri omwe atchulidwawa amapereka zowona mtengo kapena zosagula mtengo kwa anthu oyenerera.
> Zotsatira:
> Bautista, C .; Wurapa, E .; Sateren, W. et al. Bweretsani kachilombo ka Neisseria gonorrhoeae pakati pa antchito ogwira ntchito ku US Army: kafukufuku wowerengera anthu. Int J STD AIDS. 2017; 28 (10): 962-68. DOI: 10.1177 / 0956462416681940.
> Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). 2015 Zokhudzana ndi Magonana Ogonana Zotsatira za Chithandizo: Matenda a Gonococcal. Atlanta, Georgia; inaperekedwa pa June 4, 2015; zasinthidwa pa January 4, 2018.
> CDC. Mndandanda wa CDC: Zolemba za STD ku United States, 2016 - Kulemetsa kwakukulu kwa matenda opatsirana pogonana omwe amaopseza mamiliyoni ambiri a ku America. Inatulutsidwa mu September 2017.
> CDC. "Deta zam'mbuyo pa Gonorrhea ya Antibiotic-Resistant." June 14, 2016.
> Lee, K .; Ngo-Metzger, Q .; Wolff, T. et al. Matenda opatsirana pogonana: Malangizo ochokera ku bungwe la US Preventive Services Task Force. Am Phys Physician. 2016; 94 (11): 907-915.