Kuwonongeka kwa gram ndi ndondomeko ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yomwe imagwiritsira ntchito mabakiteriya pogwiritsa ntchito thupi ndi mankhwala omwe ali kunja kwake. Izi zimachitidwa pokhapokha ndi chojambula, microscope, ndi madontho. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pofuna kudziwa ndi kudziwika kwa mabakiteriya onse mu kafukufuku ndi ma laboratories ochipatala.
Gram-Positive ndi Gram-Zoipa
Mabakiteriya amagawidwa mwa mitundu iwiri, gram-positive ndi gram-negative.
- Mabakiteriya abwino a gram ali ndi mizere yambiri ya mapuloteni a mapuloteni otchedwa peptidoglycan. Kujambula kwa gram yachitsulo cha peptidoglycan (chomwe ndi khoma la selo) ndi mankhwala otchedwa crystal violet amachititsa mavitamini a gram-positive. Kuonjezerapo kwa acetone kapena mowa wa madzi owononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuti tizisunga mtundu wofiirira.
- Mabakiteriya a gram ali ndi nembanemba yowonjezerapo yomwe imayimitsa acetone / mowa-kutaya madzi ndipo amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa banga la crystal violet. A counterstain, opangidwa ndi fuchsin, amachititsa mabakiteriyawa kukhala ofiira kapena obiriwira.
Chiyesochi chimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana mabakiteriya omwe ali pansi pa microscope. Mabakiteriya amatha kuwona pansi pa microscope ngati atadetsedwa. Mabakiteriyawa akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa mu zitsanzo - monga mkodzo, sputa, ndi magazi. Zitsanzozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa ngati mabakiteriya ali mbali ina ya thupi. Matendawa amapezeka kumbali imodzi ya thupi - monga chikhodzodzo, mapapo, kapena fupa, gallbladder, khungu.
Matenda ena ndi ofala kwambiri ndipo amafalitsidwa m'magazi onse.
Mabakiteriya omwe amavala zofiirira ndi galamukani; Zomwe zimaipitsa pinkish zilibe gram. Ndi njira yosavuta kudziwa zinthu zofunika. Zimatiuza mtundu wotetezera wotetezera umene mabakiteriya ali nawo. Izi zimathandiza madokotala kusankha momwe mankhwalawa angagwiritsire ntchito ndi mabakiteriya omwe ali ndi mlandu pa matenda - monga mabakiteriya ena amayenera kuchita mosiyana ndi ena.
Mabakiteriya ena ndi galamukani, monga Staph Aureus (kuphatikizapo MRSA ) ndi mabakiteriya a Strep . Mabakiteriya ena ndi galamukani - monga Salmonella , Shigella , ndi mabakiteriya ena ambiri. (Genus) mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa khonorrhea ndi mawonekedwe owopsya a bacterial meningitis, Meninogococcus, ndi galamukani. Mabakiteriya ena samadziwika bwino ndi ma gram, koma amathandiza mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya.
Mitundu ya matendawa ingayambidwe chifukwa cha matenda a gram kapena gram, koma mwina amatha chifukwa cha mtundu umodzi kapena wina. Chibayo chingayambitsidwe ndi ena, koma ambiri amadwala matenda a gram omwe amachititsidwa ndi mabakiteriya a Strep. Matenda a Urinary Tract nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matendawa. Pali mitundu yambiri ya matenda omwe angakhale ndi gramu yabwino kapena galamukani.
Kudziwa ngati mabakiteriya osadziwika ndi galamukani kapena zabwino zingathandize kudziwa mabakiteriya. Madokotala nthawi zambiri ayenera kuganiza kuti ndi matenda ati wodwala ali nawo. Kawirikawiri amayenera kuchita mwachidwi, monga momwe timanenera, osadziŵa bwinobwino zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi ma antibiotic omwe ali abwino. Kudziwa malo owonongera magalamu kumathandiza.
Mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana amatsatira mankhwala osiyana siyana.
Mabakiteriya oterewa a Gram ndi a gram makamaka amagwira mosiyana ma antibayotiki. Kudziwa ngati mabakiteriya ali gram kapena pos akhoza kuthandizira kusankha mankhwala omwe angagwire ntchito.
Kuwonongeka kwa gram kungatheke m'ma laboratories opanda zinthu zambiri. Zimaphatikizapo microscope, slide, madontho, ndi wina yemwe amadziwa kupanga banga la magalamu.