Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osapitirira, omwe ayenera kuyendetsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mankhwala abwino, zowonjezera zowonjezera, maphunziro owonjezereka, ndi zipangizo zowonjezereka zathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi shuga kukhala moyo wautali. Komabe, miyoyo yautali imatha kusiya nthawi yambiri kuti ikhale ndi mavuto. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amayenera kukhala ndi mavuto.
M'malo mwake, anthu ayenera kupitiriza kusamalira matenda awo a shuga kuti asamayende pamsewu.
Njira yabwino yothetsera vuto la shuga ndi kuyesa kusunga shuga, magazi, ndi kulemera kwabwino. Mazira a m'magazi ambiri amatha kuwononga ziwalo zambiri za thupi. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa magazi ndi kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa mtima ndi kupangitsa kuti matenda a shuga akhale ovuta kwambiri.
Komanso, kuonetsetsa kuti mukusunga maina ndi madokotala anu-dokotala wamkulu, dokotala wa maso, katswiri wamagetsi, katswiri wa cardi-komanso kuzindikira zizindikiro zatsopano zingakuthandizeni kuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi mavuto mofulumira. Kuwonjezera apo, kusunga dzuwa lanu mwa magazi ndikutengera kusintha kwa moyo kumatha kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa mavuto a shuga.
Kumvetsetsa mitundu iyi ya mavuto kumalimbikitsa kuzindikira ndi kukulimbikitsani kuti muzisamalira nokha.
Kodi Ndi Mavuto Atani Amene Alipo?
Matenda a shuga amadziwika ngati macrovascular (lalikulu chotengera chotengera) kapena microvascular (zing'onozing'ono zotengera zipangizo).
Mavuto a mitsempha ya mitsempha imaphatikizapo matenda a mtima monga matenda a mtima, sitiroko, ndi kusakwanira m'magazi kupita ku miyendo (peripheral arterial disease). Mitundu iyi ya zovuta zimapangidwa ndi atherosclerosis (kuuma kwa mitsempha). Mankhwala osapsa magazi, zakudya zopanda thanzi, kukhala olemera kwambiri kapena olemera kwambiri, osati kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi kungapangitse zizindikiro izi.
Kuwonjezera pa kuyang'anira shuga lanu la magazi, muyenera kuthana ndi mavuto onsewa kuti muthe kupewa zikwapu ndi matenda a mtima.
Zovuta zazing'onozing'ono zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa maso (retinopathy), kuwonongeka kwa impso (nephropathy), ndi kuwononga mitsempha (neuropathy). Matendawa amatha kuchepetsa kapena kutetezedwa mwa kusunga dzuwa lanu. Kambiranani ndi zovuta zanu za shuga ndi dokotala wanu ndipo mukufuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kodi Ndiyenera Kudziwa Chiyani Zokhudza Matendawa?
Matenda a impso: Nthenda ya shuga ndi yaikulu yaikulu ya matenda a impso. Ndipotu, munthu mmodzi mwa anthu atatu ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi matenda a impso, ndipo matenda a shuga ndi omwe amachititsa kuti impso zilephereke. Matenda a shuga angayambitse chotchinga chomwe chimateteza impso ndi thumba la pansi pomwe kudula kumayambira. Impso zimapangidwa ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha yomwe imayambitsa kusamba magazi. Mitsempha yamagazi ikawonongeka, poizoni amatha kumanga m'magazi. Dokotala wanu ayenera kuyang'ana ntchito yanu impso nthawi iliyonse yomwe mumagwira ntchito ya magazi. Kuonjezerapo, kukonzanso mankhwala kwachitika kuti muwone matenda a impso mumkodzo.
Pofuna kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa impso akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa magazi, otchedwa ACE inhibitor.
Ndikofunika kuyesetsa kuti magazi anu asamayende bwino. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumapangitsa kuti mtima wanu ndi impso zanu, zinthu zovuta ziwonjezere. Ngati mwauzidwa mankhwala, onetsetsani kuti mutenga. Ngati mumasuta, yesani kusiya. Ndipo ngati muli ndi mchere, ndi bwino kuyesetsa kupewa zakudya zapamwamba zowonjezera, monga zakudya zamzitini, zakudya zopatsa zakudya, zakudya zowonongeka, ndi zakudya zowonongeka. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi sodium, zomwe zingayambitse kuponderezedwa kwa magazi mwa kukanikiza ziwiya zanu.
Pali magawo asanu a matenda a impso. Gawo loyambalo limaonedwa kuti ndilobwino komanso gawo lomalizira ndi matenda a impso, omwe amachiza matenda a dialysis kapena kupatsirana kwa impso.
Nthaŵi zambiri, anthu samamva zizindikiro za matenda a impso mpaka apita patsogolo mpaka kumapeto. Choncho, ndikofunika kukhala paubwenzi wabwino ndi dokotala. Khalani wodwala wodalirika ndipo funsani mafunso, kuti muzindikire komwe impso yanu imagwirira ntchito ndi kumene iyenera kukhala.
Nkhani yabwino ndikuti kusunga shuga, magazi, ndi kulemera kungathandize kupewa matenda a impso. Kuwonjezera apo, kupeza impso zanu kuyesedwa nthawi zonse ndi njira yofunika yodziwira thanzi lanu impso.
Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (nthenda ya ubongo): Kutsekula kwa m'mimba kumakhala kofala kwambiri pamapazi ndi manja, koma kukhozanso kuyambitsa mitsempha m'madera ena a thupi. Kutsegula m'mimba kumatulutsa chikhodzodzo, kapangidwe ka zakudya, ndi ziwalo zoberekera . Matenda a m'mimba amakhudza manja, mapazi, ndi miyendo. Kupweteka kwa mitsempha kungapweteke. Ikhozanso kuyambitsa zizindikiro zodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha m'mimba kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa satiety ndi zosakaniza zamagazi. Mphuno ya ubongo nthawi zambiri imafotokozedwa ngati kutentha kotentha kapena kupweteka. Anthu omwe amamva kupweteka kwa mitsempha pamapeto awo akhoza kukhala ovuta kuwona zovulala pamapazi, monga kupita pamtunda, kapena kuponyera mwala pa chala chanu. Kuvulala mwendo kosatetezeka kungayambitse matenda aakulu. Kuphatikiza ndi shuga wokwera kwambiri wa magazi, kuvulala kwa miyendo kungachedwetse kuchiza ndipo kungapangitse kuti amudule.
Mukhoza kukhala ndi matenda a ubongo ngati mukudwala matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yaitali, makamaka ngati mankhwala anu a shuga amakhala aakulu kwambiri. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite kuti mupewe matenda a ubongo ndi kusunga shuga lanu la magazi bwino. Ngati mukuganiza kuti chinachake chili cholakwika, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala wanu.
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi ubongo wodwalayo, mungafunike kutsata mankhwala ena monga kudya zakudya zapadera, kufuna uphungu, kapena kumwa mankhwala ena.
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda a ubongo kapena mukuganiza kuti mungakhale nawo, muyenera dokotala wanu kuti aziyesa kupenda mwendo kuti azindikire kuti mumamva bwanji ndi ma foloko kapena monofilament. Ngati mwataya mtima, phazi lopweteka, monga matenda a fungal kapena misomali, opunduka, khungu lophwanyika, mabala kapena kudula, mwinamwake mudzatumizidwa kwa katswiri wamatenda kuti mupitirize kugwira ntchito. Ngati simukumuwona katswiri wa masewera olimbitsa thupi, onetsetsani kuti mukuchotsa masokosi ndi nsapato pa dokotala aliyense. Pamene muli panyumba ndikofunika kuyang'ana mapazi anu nthawi zonse ndikuchita mwatsanzi. Onetsetsani kuti:
- Sinthani masokosi anu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kuvala masokosi owuma, owuma.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mapuloteni otsekemera kuti asweke.
- Zouma bwino pakati pa zala zakumwa zazing'ono (chinyezi chochuluka kwambiri chingayambitse chitukuko cha matenda a fungal).
Ndikofunikira kuti musayende mozungulira opanda nsapato, nthawi zonse muzigwedeza nsapato zanu musanayambe kuvala, ndi kuvala nsapato zomwe zili zoyenera komanso zomasuka.
Kuwonongeka kwa diso (kuwonongeka kwa diso): Kutentha kwambiri kwa magazi kungapangitse zitsulo zing'onozing'ono kumbuyo kwa diso, zomwe zingachititse kuti azitsuka kapena kutuluka madzi. Anthu omwe ali ndi shuga ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi vuto la maso, monga retinopathy, diabetic macular edema (DME), cataract, ndi glaucoma . Ngati sichiyendetsedwa bwinobwino, izi zimakhala zosawonetsa komanso ngakhale khungu. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ayenera kuyesedwa pamaso pa matenda a shuga. Kuwonongeka kwa diso kungayambe matenda asanatuluke. Choncho, kukhala okhudzidwa ndizofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe mavuto. Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri ngati mulibe umboni wosonyeza kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso kamodzi pachaka ngati muli ndi vuto la maso. Kulamulira matenda a shuga - mwa kumwa mankhwala monga momwe akufunira, kukhalabe olimbitsa thupi, ndi kudya zakudya zabwino-kumatha kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya. Kuonjezerapo, kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo choyenera chotsata chitha kuteteza masomphenya.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a mtima: Anthu omwe ali ndi shuga amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chokhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a mtima ndi zilonda kawiri kuposa omwe alibe matenda a shuga. Ndikofunika kuganizira za shuga, osati kokha ngati matenda a shuga wambiri koma monga matenda a mtima. Kuchita zimenezi kungathandize kupewa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda a mtima. Choncho, ndikofunikira kusunga shuga, magazi, cholesterol, ndi kulemera m'katikati. Komanso, ngati mumasuta, muyenera kuyima. Kusuta fodya kungachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana komanso kuchepetsa shuga ndi magazi.
Kawirikawiri, palibe zizindikiro za kukwera kwa magazi, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "wakupha wakupha." Anthu ena amayenda mozungulira ndi kukakamizidwa kwawo kukwera kapena kumalire kumtunda popanda kudziwa. Ngati mukumva zizindikiro, mukhoza kukhala ndi mutu kapena kumveka. Kuti mukhale ndi matenda ozunguza magazi, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kukuyendera pa ulendo uliwonse wa dokotala. Dziwani manambala anu komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Malingana ndi American Heart Association, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhala kosakwana kapena kofanana ndi 120/80 mm / Hg. Nambala yaikulu, systolic blood pressure, ndiyeso ya kupanikizika m'mitsempha pamene mtima ukugunda (kapena ukugwira ntchito). Ndipo chiwerengero chochepa, kuthamanga kwa diastolic, chimayambitsa kukakamizika pakati pa zizunguliro pamene mtima ukupumula. Ngati mwauzidwa mankhwala ozunguza magazi, onetsetsani kuti mutenga. Ngati mwapatsidwa makina oponderezedwa ndi magazi kuti muwone ngati mukupanikizika kunyumba, muyenera kutero. Adziwitseni dokotala ngati mavuto anu ali apamwamba kuposa momwe ayenera kukhalira. Pomalizira, kusintha zakudya zanu kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Zakudya zomwe zili ndi sodium zimatha kukweza mphamvu ya magazi. Peŵani kuwonjezera mchere ku zakudya zanu ndikuyesera kupewa zakudya zowonongeka-zakudya zomwe zili mu kankholo, thumba, kapena bokosi. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwambiri kwa magazi amapindula ndi kutsatira DASH chakudya.
Ngati muli ndi mbiri ya banja la matenda a mtima, muli ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka, makamaka ngati muli ndi shuga. Koma mukhoza kuyesa kuchepetsa chiopsezo mwa kusunga shuga ndi magazi m'magawo anu (HDL ndi LDL cholesterol ndi triglycerides), mchere wa thupi lanu pamtunda, chiuno chanu chozungulira, komanso kuwonjezera zochitika zanu.
Kambiranani zolinga zanu ndi dokotala wanu. Anthu ambiri amapindula ndi manambala awa:
- Hemoglobini A1c peresenti 7 kapena osachepera
- Cholesterol Wambiri: <200 mg / dL
- LDL <100 mg / dL
- HDL> 40 mg / dL kwa amuna ndi> 50 mg / dL kwa akazi
- Triglycerides <150 mg / dL
- Chiuno chozungulira: Amuna
- Misa ya Mthupi: 18.5-24.4kg / m2
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Mukhale ndi mphindi 150 pa sabata lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Kuteteza Mavuto Awa
Maselo apamwamba a shuga amatulutsa kusintha kwa mitsempha ya magazi okha, komanso m'maselo a magazi omwe amachititsa kuti magazi asapite ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Kupanga moyo waukali kusintha kungathandize kuchepetsa shuga wa magazi ndi kupewa matenda a shuga. Sichichedwa mochedwa kuti achitepo kanthu. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, mukhoza kusintha kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Sungani shuga lanu la magazi pazinthu zosiyana: Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi kumvetsetsa momveka bwino zomwe zimayambitsa shuga za magazi. Magazi a shuga omwe ali otsika kwambiri (hyperglycemia) ndi otsika kwambiri (hypoglycemia) akhoza kukhala owopsa. Kusunga shuga wanu pamagazi anu omwe mukufunayo kungakuthandizeni kuti mitsuko ikuluikulu ndi ing'onoing'ono iwonongeke. Musakhumudwe ngati muli ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi. Koma chitanipo kanthu mukawona pateni ya shuga yambiri yamagazi. Lumikizanani ndi dokotala ngati mukuchita zonse zomwezo ndi shuga lanu lapamwamba-mungathe kusintha kusintha kwa mankhwala. Chifukwa chakuti matenda a shuga ndi matenda opitirira, nthawi zina timayenera kusintha, ngakhale pamene tikuchita zonse bwino.
Kutaya thupi: Kutaya thupi ndi imodzi mwa njira zamphamvu zothetsera shuga. Kuwonjezera apo, kutaya thupi kumatengera nkhawa m'mtima ndipo kungachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Kukhazikitsa kulemera kwabwino kungathandize kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa insulini ndikulola thupi lanu kugwiritsa ntchito insulini likupanga. Izi zimapangitsa kupanikizika pamatenda ndipo zimatha kusunga maselo a beta (maselo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apange insulini). Kutaya 10 peresenti ya kulemera kwa thupi lanu kumatha kusintha kwambiri thanzi lanu lonse. Ngati mwakhala mukuyesera kuchepa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupitirizabe kulimbana kwanu, mukhoza kupindula ndi chakudya chamalowa . Chakudya chotsitsimutsa ndi khalori- komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'thupi. Zitha kuthandiza kuthetsa chakudya pamasana, zomwe zingakupangitseni kuchepetsa kuchepetsa kalori yanu. Kukhala ndi udindo pa zosankha zanu zakudya kungakuthandizeninso kumamatira ku dongosolo labwino la kudya. Lonjezerani kuyankha kwanu ndikupeza mphunzitsi pakukhazikitsa msonkhano ndi olemba zakudya ovomerezeka kapena odziwa za shuga.
Tsatirani zakudya zabwino: Zimene mumadya zimakhudza kwambiri matenda anu a shuga. Zakudya za m'thupi ndi zakudya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzuwa lizizira kwambiri. Zakudya monga mkate, mpunga, pasitala, nyemba, zipatso, mkaka, ndi yogurt zonse zili ndi chakudya. Anthu omwe ali ndi shuga amapindula ndi kudya zakudya zosinthika, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Anthu ambiri amapeza kuti shuga awo amagawidwa bwino akamadya zakudya za m'magazi . Ngati chakudya chanu chiri ndi zakudya zambiri, chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndi kuyesa kuchepetsa.
Chotsani zakumwa zotsekemera , kuchepetsa maswiti ndi kuchepetsa zakudya zanu m'zakudya zanu zosapitirira 1 chikho. Mukamaliza kuchita zimenezi, yesetsani kusankha mitundu yabwino ya chakudya: mbewu zonse, nyemba, ndi zamasamba ndi zosankha zabwino kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa kuchepetsa zakudya, ndibwino kuchepetsa kudya kwa zakudya zowonongeka ndi zokazinga, monga chakudya chochiritsidwa, zakudya zowonjezera, ndi zophika ku France, kutchula ochepa. Zakudya zamtunduwu ndizolemera kwambiri, zimakhuta, ndi mafuta, ndipo zimatha kuonjezera cholesterol choipa, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a atherosclerosis. Potsirizira pake, yonjezerani mavitamini anu. Zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, mbewu zonse , zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba , mtedza, ndi mbewu zingakuthandizeni kuti muzimva bwino, mutsimikizire shuga wa magazi ndi kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi. Ndizothandiza kudya pafupifupi 25-38g wa fiber tsiku lililonse.
Sungani zambiri: Zingakhale zosavuta kunena kuposa kuchita, koma kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuchepetsa shuga wa magazi pogwiritsa ntchito insulini. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandize kumanga minofu, kuwonjezera mphamvu, komanso kukonza kugona ndi maganizo. Pamapeto pake, muyenera kuyesetsa kugunda pafupi mphindi 150 pa sabata lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi (kufalikira kwa masiku osachepera atatu). Ngati n'kotheka, muyeneranso kuphatikiza masiku awiri pa sabata yotsutsa. Ngati simunayambe mwakhalapo kale, onetsetsani kuti mukupeza chithandizo chamankhwala musanayambe chizoloŵezi chatsopano.
Landirani matenda a shuga kudzikonda: Aliyense amene ali ndi shuga ayenera kulandira chithandizo cha shuga kudzikonda payekha ndipo ayenera kupitiliza kulandira maphunziro pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za shuga. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali, mungapindule mwa kupeza njira yotsitsimutsa. Matenda a shuga odzimanga okha akuwongolera khalidwe lodzikonda, monga kudya zakudya zathanzi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuyang'anira shuga, kuthetsa mavuto, kuchepetsa mavuto, ndi kupirira bwino. Mungasankhe kuchita magawo awiri kapena magawo awiri . Funsani dokotala wanu za kuyamba.
Sonkhanitsani gulu la madokotala: Njira yabwino yochepetsera chiopsezo ndi mavuto ndi kukhazikitsa ubale wabwino ndi dokotala wanu wamkulu. Kawirikawiri, iye adzakuuzani kwa madokotala ena: dokotala wa diso, dokotala wa mapazi, katswiri wa cardiologist, katswiri wamaphunziro a sayansi yamakono, etc. Kupeza kufufuza kwabwino kungathandize kutenga chithandizo choletsa kuchepetsa matenda a shuga. Kukhala ndi kafukufuku woyambirira kungakuthandizeni kuzindikira kusintha. Kufulumira komwe mumadziwira kumasintha bwino mwayi wanu wothetsera vuto mwamsanga ndikuletsa mavuto ena.
Ganizirani mozama za matenda a shuga: Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi shuga amanena kuti samva ngati dzuwa limatuluka. Zotsatira zake, zimasankha kusamalitsa matenda awo a shuga. Izi ndizoopsa kwambiri. Matenda a shuga omwe satsatiridwa angapangitse shuga yambiri yapamwamba, yomwe ingabweretse mavuto omwe sangasinthe. Ndikofunika kwambiri kutenga shuga kuyambira pachiyambi . Nthawi zina moyo wamanyazi kusintha, kuchepa, zakudya, ndi masewero olimbitsa thupi zingathandize kuchepetsa shuga wambiri mwa magazi moti sali m'gulu la shuga . N'zotheka kuchita izi ngati mutasintha khalidwe lanu mutangodziwa za matenda anu ashuga. Chitanipo lero-mukhoza kuchita.
Mawu Ochokera
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe angabweretse mavuto osiyanasiyana. Koma, uthenga wabwino ndi wakuti ngati mutasintha moyo wamanyazi mukhoza kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi mavutowa. Njira yabwino yochepetsera chiopsezo chanu ndi kusunga shuga, magazi, kulemera, ndi cholesterol monga momwe mungathere. Musati dikirani. Onetsetsani kuti mukukumana ndi madokotala oyenera komanso kuti mukuchita bwino mu chisamaliro chanu cha shuga. Mukhoza kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, wautali ndi matenda a shuga, koma muyenera kugwira ntchito.
> Zotsatira:
> Chigwirizano cha ku America cha shuga. Miyezo ya Chisamaliro 2016.http: //care.diabetesjournals.org/content/39/Supplement_1
> American Heart Association. Kumvetsetsa Kuwerenga kwa Magazi.http: //www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/AboutHighBloodPressure/Understanding-Blood-Pressure-Readings_UCM_301764_Article.jsp#.V-xqU_ArK00
> National Eye Institute. Zoona Zokhudza Matenda Aakulu Odwala Matenda a Diso.https: //nei.nih.gov/health/diabetic/retinopathy
> National Kidney Foundation. Matenda a shuga.https: //www.kidney.org/atoz/atozTopic_Diabetes
> Mphamvu, ndi. al. Matenda a shuga odziletsa okhazikika komanso othandizira pa matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2: mawu ovomerezeka a bungwe la American diabetes, a American association of aphunzitsi a shuga, ndi sukulu yopatsa thanzi komanso odwala matenda a shuga. Chisamaliro cha shuga. http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2015/06/02/dc15-0730.full.pdf+html?sid=edddb5d0-7234-4c1c-ba68-a00342c0bb7b