Pafupifupi 83 peresenti ya autism yomwe imayambitsa majini obadwa nawo
Ochita kafukufuku akhala akukhulupirira kuti chibadwa chimathandiza kwambiri ku autism, koma ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa matenda a autism kunayambitsidwa ndi zochitika zachilengedwe. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa amasonyeza kuti ma genetic akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la 90 peresenti ya odwala autism, ndi nkhani zachilengedwe zomwe zimawathandiza kwambiri.
Kodi Ofufuza a Autism Amatanthauza Chiyani ndi 'Genetics'?
Malingana ndi National Institutes of Health: "Geni ndilo gawo loyamba la thupi.
Zamoyo zamtunduwu, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi DNA, zimakhala ngati malangizo opanga ma molecule otchedwa mapuloteni. Kwa anthu, majini amasiyana mosiyana kuchokera ku mabungwe mazana angapo a DNA kwa mabungwe oposa mamiliyoni awiri. Buku la Human Genome Project linati anthu ali ndi majeremusi oposa 20,000 ndi 25,000. "Zamoyo za munthu zimakhala zofanana ndi munthu aliyense. Ndipotu, pafupifupi 1 peresenti ya DNA yathu imatanthauzira momwe munthu wina amasiyanirana ndi wina.
Zachibadwa zimakhudza kwambiri thupi lathu ndi maganizo athu. Koma ngakhale kuti majini amachokera kwa makolo athu, sikuti zonse zomwe zimayambitsa mitundu ina zimakhala zoyenera. Ndichifukwa chakuti kusintha kwa majeremusi (kutchedwa kusintha kwa thupi) kungachitike mwa munthu mmodzi, osagwirizana ndi cholowa. Zosintha zitha kusintha mosavuta (popanda chifukwa chilichonse) kapena chifukwa cha chilengedwe.
Ofufuza a autism akuyang'ana pa zamoyo, mwina akufufuza mafunso amodzi osiyanasiyana. Mwa iwo:
- Kodi ndi autenji imene autism imachokera kwa makolo?
- Kodi ndi yotani kuti autism imayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini omwe satengera?
- Kodi ndi majeremusi otani kapena maselo a majini amene amatsimikizira ngati munthu ali autistic?
- Kodi kusintha kotani kwa majeremusi paokha kumatanthauza autism?
- Kodi autism imakhudzana bwanji ndi matenda omwe amadziwika monga matenda a Fragile X?
- Kodi majeremusi osiyanasiyana amachititsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya autism?
- Kodi pali zovuta zachilengedwe zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa autism?
Kodi Timadziwa Chiyani za Autism ndi Genetics?
Ndi zochepa zochepa, ochita kafukufuku alephera kuyankha mafunso okhudza autism ndi ma genetic mosakayikira. Sitikudziwa, mwachitsanzo, kusintha komwe kumayambitsa mavitamini kumayambitsa autism. Sitikudziwa ngati kusintha kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumapangitsa kuti autism ikhale yotsika kapena yochepa. Sitikudziwa ngati n'zotheka kusintha mwayi wokhala autism. Sitikudziwa ngati chithandizo cha ma gene chingakhudze anthu omwe ali ndi autism.
Apa, komabe, ndi zina mwa zomwe timadziwa , malinga ndi NIH:
- ASD ali ndi chizolowezi choyendetsa mabanja, koma kachitidwe ka cholowa kamakhala kawirikawiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa majini omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ASD nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kukhala ndi chikhalidwe, osati chikhalidwe chomwecho.
- Kusintha kwa majeremusi oposa 1,000 kwakhala kuti akugwirizana ndi ASD, koma chiwerengero chachikulu cha mabungwe amenewa sichinavomerezedwe. Mitundu yambiri ya majini imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa chabe, ndipo kusiyana kwa majini ambiri kungaphatikizepo ndi zoopsa za chilengedwe, monga zaka za makolo, mavuto a kubadwa, ndi ena omwe sanazindikire, kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chokhala ndi vutoli.
- Pafupifupi 2 mpaka 4 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi ASD, kawirikawiri majini osinthika mthupi kapena ma chromosome amayamba kuganiza kuti ndi amene amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lachilombo, lomwe limakhala ndi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi.
- Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa, ambiri monga majini 2500 angagwirizane ndi autism. Nambala yaikuluyi inavumbulutsidwa kupyolera mu matekinoloje atsopano ndipo zikutanthauza kuti kuphunzira autism kwakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Genetics ndi Chilengedwe
Palibe kukayika kuti zinthu zachilengedwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi majini amachititsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya autism. Koma kafukufuku waposachedwapa akuwonekeratu kuti zowonongeka ndizo, mwazinthu zonse, zowoneka komanso zovuta.
Malingana ndi National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, zochitika zina zachilengedwe zingapangitse ngozi ya autism , koma sizidziwika kuti zimayambitsa autism. Zikuphatikizapo:
- Zaka zakubadwa zapamwamba pa nthawi ya pathupi
- Kusamalidwa kwa msinkhu wa pang'onopang'ono
- Matenda a mimba kapena shuga
- Kutaya thupi kwambiri komanso kulemera kochepa kwambiri
- Kuvutika kulikonse komwe kumabweretsa nthawi yoperewera kwa mpweya wokwanira kwa ubongo wa mwana
- Kupezeka kwa amayi asanakwane kumene kwa mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo
- Kupezeka kwa amayi asanabadwe kwa Valproate kapena Thalidomide
- Kuperewera kwa chakudya chokwanira
Kodi zina mwaziwonetserozi zimakhudza bwanji majini? Mayankho sakudziwikiratu, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku akupitirira. Tikudziwa kuti palibe chimodzi mwazimenezi ndi "Chinsinsi" cha autism; Ana ambiri amabadwa ndi makolo achikulire, kapena asanakwane, kapena m'madera oipitsidwa omwe si autistic. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti ana ena omwe ali ndi chiopsezo cha majeremusi ya autism anayamba matendawa atatha kuwonetsa zachilengedwe.
Kodi Chofunika Kwambiri: Genetics Kapena Chilengedwe?
Kafukufuku wa 2017 anafufuza funso ngati ma genetic kapena chilengedwe chobadwira ndizofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha autism. Zowononga, umboniwo umatsimikizira za majini. Ndipotu, malinga ndi kafukufuku wina:
Kafukufuku apeza kuti vuto la autism spectrum (ASD) m'mabanja, ndipo mawerengedwe a mapasa amalingalira kuti kuchuluka kwa mchitidwe wa phenotype kusiyana chifukwa cha chibadwa (heritability) kukhala pafupifupi 90 peresenti.
Mufukufuku wapitawo, ASD yodalirika inali yokwana 0.50, ndipo zokhudzana ndi zachilengedwe zogwirizana ndi zachilengedwe zakhala za 0.04. Kutanthauzira kupezeka kapena kusakhala kwa ASD, phunzirolo linagwiritsa ntchito chida chadongosolo chomwe chinalengedwa kuti chiganizire zotsatira za nthawi ndi zochitika mu data, zomwe zingakhale zochepetsetsa kuyerekezera kwake.
Phunziro lina lomwe linalongosola gulu la ana ku Sweden kuyambira 1982 mpaka 2006 kuphatikizapo mapasa, abale ndi alongo anapeza kuti "chiwerengero cha autism" chotengera "chinali pafupifupi 83 peresenti, . "
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati maphunzirowa ali olondola, autism ambiri ndi cholowa. Kupeza izi kuli ndi zofunikira kwambiri kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri autistic ndipo angakhale ofunika pozindikira njira zochiritsira zomwe zingateteze kapena kuchitira autism.
Mawu Ochokera
Kodi kufufuza kumatanthauza chiyani kwa makolo? Ngakhale kuti sichidziwitsa zambiri, zimawonekeratu kuti zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhala ndi zochepa zomwe zimachitika mu autism. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makolo sayenera kudandaula kuti zosankha za moyo wamba kapena khalidwe lawo ndilo lomwe linayambitsa matenda a mwana wawo. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti makolo angathe kumasuka momasuka, osati pa nthawi ya mwana wawo, koma m'tsogolo.
> Zotsatira:
> Brooks, Megan. Zinthu zamtunduwu zimayambitsa vuto lalikulu la autism. Kusaka. September 27, 2017. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/886250
Krishnan, A. et al, kufotokozera kwa Genesis ndi kufotokozera kwabwino kwa ma genetic a autism spectrum disorder. Nature Neuroscience , 2016; DOI: 10.1038 / nn.4353 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Autism. Webusaiti, 2017. https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/conditions/autism/index.cfm
> Sandin S, Lichtenstein P, Kuja-Halkola R, Hultman C, Larsson H, Reichenberg A. Kutheka kwa matenda a autism spectrum. JAMA. 2017; 318 (12): 1182-1184. lembani: 10.1001 / jama.2017.12141
> Science News. Maginito a Autism amadziwika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano. August 1, 2016. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160801113827.htm
> National Library of Medicine. Autism. Webusaiti, 2017. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/autism-spectrum-disorder#diagnosis
> Zayed, A.. Zatsimikiziridwa: Ukhondo Ndiwo Chifukwa Chachikulu cha Autism. Consumer Health Digest. Webusaiti. 2017. https://www.consumerhealthdigest.com/health-news/genetics-increase-autism-risk.html