Makolo anu sangawononge autism, ziribe kanthu kuti akatswiri amakhulupirira nthawi yanji.
Liwu lakuti "mayi wa firiji" linapangidwira kufotokoza kholo limene chikhalidwe chozizira, chosasamala chomwe chinamupweteka mwana wake kotero kuti adayambiranso kukhala autism. Mawuwa adayambitsidwa ndi Leo Kanner, amene adapatsa dzina lake autism. Lingaliro limeneli linapweteka kwambiri mabanja ambiri kwa zaka makumi angapo asanamveke m'ma 1960.
Kodi Maganizo a Amayi a Firiji Anayamba Kuti?
Sigmund Freud, yemwe ndi bambo wamaganizo a masiku ano, amakhulupirira kuti pafupifupi zovuta zonse zamaganizo zimachokera ku chipsinjo chaunyamata.
Autism ankakhulupirira kuti ndi mtundu wa matenda a m'maganizo, choncho kunali kwanzeru kuganiza kuti ndi chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa msanga.
Pambuyo pake, monga autism apainiya a Leo Kanner ndi Hans Asperger adayamba kufufuza vutoli, adagwira ntchito makamaka ndi makolo apamwamba omwe adzionetsera kuti anali odziwika bwino komanso ozizira.
Leo Kanner adatchulidwa kuti anapanga mawu akuti "Firiji Mayi," mwina m'ma 1930. Ngakhale amakhulupirira kuti autism mwina anali wachibadwa mwa mwanayo, adawonanso kuti amayi ake odwala anali ozizira kwambiri ndipo ankaganiza kuti izi zinawonjezera vutoli.
Ndani anawongola amayi a firiji?
Bruno Bettelheim, pulofesa wotchuka wa chitukuko cha ana, anali wolemekezeka kwambiri pakati pa m'ma 1940 ndi m'ma 1970. Analinso wodzikonda kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri ankatchulidwa m'ma TV. Anagwira lingaliro la Mayi wa Firiji ndipo anayerekezera makolo awa ndi alonda kundende ya Nazi.
Bukhu la Bettelheim The Empty Fortress: Infantile Autism ndi Birth of the Self, pamodzi ndi maonekedwe ake pa ma TV nthawi yamakono komanso m'magazini otchuka adathandiza kuti lingaliro la amai "firiji" likhale lovomerezeka kwambiri.
Ndani Anayambitsa Lingaliro la Amayi a Firiji?
Dokotala Bernard Rimland, yemwe anayambitsa zida komanso mkulu wa Autism Research Institute , akuyamikiridwa ndi debunking nthano iyi.
Monga kholo la mwana yemwe ali ndi autism, anali ndi chidwi chofufuza ndi kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa autism - ndi kuchotsa lingaliro lodziwika kuti kholo losauka linali lolakwa. Kafukufuku wake, pamodzi ndi ntchito yake yobweretsa makolo palimodzi ngati odzikonda, anasintha kuganiza za mizu ya autism. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, lingaliro la "amai a firiji" silinagwiridwe, ndipo njira za makolo sizinayambe zowonjezera kafukufuku pa zomwe zimayambitsa autism.
Makolo ndi Autism Masiku ano
Masiku ano, kaŵirikaŵiri amavomereza kuti autism imayamba chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo ndi zachilengedwe - ndipo sizimagwirizana ndi "kuyamwa kozizira." Komabe, makolo akadali mu mpando wotentha. Ngakhale kuti sakunamizira kuti amachititsa ana awo kukhala autism, kawirikawiri amayembekezeretsa kuchipatala kapena kupeza mankhwala . Kaya ali opaleshoni ndi ovomerezeka kapena monga ochita kafukufuku ndi osankha zochita zachipatala, makolo adakali ndi udindo waukulu.
Kulimbana ndi Chilakolako
Kulera mwana ndi autism ndi ntchito yovuta. Chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri ndikulingalira zolakwa zomwe zimadza ndi matenda. Kodi tinayambitsa vutoli polola katemera ? Mwa kuyika mwana wathu poizoni?
Mwa kudutsa ma jini olakwika? Ndipo ... kodi sitiyenera kuchita zambiri kuti tithetse vutoli? Malangizo Khumi Othandizira Kuchita Zolakwa amatchula ena mwa malingaliro awo ndipo angathandize makolo kuwongolera maganizo awo.
Zida
Zomwe mbiri ya m'nkhani ino ikuchokera pazinthu zomwe zimapezeka pa webusaiti ya PBS Point View View, Amayi a Firiji.