Zakudya zinafalikira ku California kwa nthawi yoyamba mu nthawi yayitali-zotsatira za makolo osankha kupewa katemera kwa ana awo. Ngakhale zili choncho, anthu ambiri amatha kupulumuka chiwindi , ena (makamaka aang'ono komanso omwe ali pachiopsezo cha thupi) samatero.
Kodi n'chiyani chingalimbikitse makolo kupeŵa katemera omwe angateteze ana awo ku chiopsezo chachikulu?
Nyuzipepalayi imatiuza kuti katemera woteteza katemera ambiri amachokera ku mantha omwe katemera amachititsa kuti ana akhale autistic. Ndipo mwachionekere chirichonse, ngakhale kubwerera kwa pafupi-kuthetsa matenda aakulu, ndi bwino kuposa chiopsezo cha autism.
Posachedwa, ndinamva wailesi (omwe ali ndi zidziwitso zolimba) akunena kuti zikwi zambiri za makolo akukana katemera zochokera ku kafukufuku wa 1992-debunked ndi Andrew Wakefield et al, omwe amagwirizanitsa autism ndi katemera wamatenda. Pafupifupi madokotala onse omwe amaphatikizapo phunziroli akhala akutsutsa ndipo phunzirololo linakanidwa mwalamulo ndi magazini ya zamankhwala. O, ndi Wakefield anataya chilolezo chake.
Koma kodi phunziro ili laling'ono, losokonezeka lomwe linatha zaka 12 zapitazo kwenikweni ndilo chifukwa cha kayendetsedwe kake? Nchifukwa chiani anthu angapitirize kukhulupirira mu phunziro limene lawonetsedwa molakwika komanso ngakhale losavomerezeka? Ndipotu, pamene kuphunzira kwa Wakefield kunali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe kotsutsa katemera, ndithudi ndipo mwatsoka sizowonjezera!
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, mpaka m'ma 2000, ma TV adalengeza pa nkhani ya Wakefield. Ndipo zina zofalitsa zina zinayambitsanso Wakefield kukhala wofera chikhulupiriro. Kuganiza kumapangitsa chinthu chonga ichi: "Wakefield akudziwa zoona zokhudzana ndi katemera, ndizo ziphe. Chifukwa chakuti katemera amakhala ndi ndalama zambiri, komabe amachedwa."
Wakefield mofulumira anakhala wolemekezeka m'magulu ena ndipo kuyesa "kuchititsa" phunziro lake wakhala "umboni" wa chiwembu chotsutsana naye. Wakefield akupitiriza kuyankhula kwa makamu ambiri pa misonkhano ina ya autism yomwe imayang'ana pa "njira zina" za autism causation ndi mankhwala.
Lingaliro la mankhwala opatsirana a autism (ie "Big Pharma akudziwitsa ana athu ndi katemera, koma sangavomereze izo chifukwa iwo amapanga ndalama zambiri pa katemera, kotero iwo adzawononga aliyense yemwe akuimba mluzi") zakhazikika mizu yambiri.
"Autism" yasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza pazaka 30 zapitazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "zidziŵitso" zosadziwika bwino zidziwike. Ziwerengero sizikhoza kunama, koma zimasokoneza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo (ndipo pali zitsanzo zina zambiri), matenda a Asperger "adatengedwa" ngati gulu lachidziwitso chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980. Kupezeka kwa munthu mmodzi ali ndi matenda a Asperger, panthawiyo, kungakhale kuwonjezereka kwa 100 peresenti ya kufufuza!
Kuonjezera apo, kutanthauzira kwa autism, kawirikawiri, kunakula kwambiri kuti ikhale ndi anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri. Sizovuta kupanga tchati chosonyeza kukula kodabwitsa kwa matenda a autism, koma n'zodabwitsa kuti n'kovuta kufotokoza kukula kwa mawu osavuta, omveka bwino.
Kenaka, mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 2000, nyenyezi Jenny McCarthy adapatsa katemera wa autism kuti ayambe kukambirana ndi mabuku ake , maonekedwe a TV, maonekedwe, ndi zina zomwe zimachitika. Anali wotsimikiza kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha "University of Google", kuti mwana wake Evan anadwalapo katemera-ndipo adakhudza kwambiri maganizo a anthu pankhaniyi.
Autism Akulankhula, omwe (chifukwa cha zida zake zakuya ndi mauthenga apamtima kwa media ndi Broadway) anakhala gorilla ya 500 pounds ya autism kuzindikira, anayamba kutenga lingaliro la autism-katemera kulumikiza mozama. Ichi chinali zotsatira za machenjerero osiyanasiyana mkati mwa banja la Wright lomwe limayendetsa Autism Speaks.
Ngakhale achikulire a Wrights (agogo aamuna achikristu a autistic) sadali ochirikiza lingalirolo, mwana wawo wamkazi Katie (mayi kwa Christian) adakhulupirira kuti kachilombo ka HIV kakhudzidwa. Kusunga mtendere mkati mwa banja, Autism Speaks adayendetsera ndalama kufukufuku omwe amawoneka kuti angathe kugwirizana ndi katemera. Izi zinachititsa ambiri kukhulupirira kuti "palibe utsi wopanda moto."
Boma la federal limayambitsa pulojekiti yowononga katemera chifukwa chakuti, nthawi zina katemera akhoza kuvulaza. Mabanja angapo anayambitsa milandu yodalirika kuti afunse mphoto kuchokera ku autism ya mwana wawo kapena kuvulala kwa "autism-". Anthu ena analandira malipiro, ngakhale kuti zochitika zinali zenizeni (mwanayo anali ndi zochitika zakuthupi zisanafikepo). Izi zinapangitsa kuganiza kwambiri kuti tinali kuyang'ana pampando wa kuvulala kwa katemera.
NIH ndi CDC inalimbikitsa maphunziro ochulukirapo ambiri omwe anatsutsa mwatsatanetsatane lingaliro lakuti pangakhale kugwirizana kulikonse pakati pa autism ndi katemera. Ngakhale anthu ena atakhudzidwa ndi maphunzirowa, omwe adakhulupirira kale kuti amatha kuchita chiwembu anaona izi zikuwonetseratu kuti pali ndondomeko pakati pa boma lalikulu ndi Big Pharma. Zotsatira zomwe zotsatiridwazi zinathandizidwa ndi maphunziro apadziko lonse odziwoneka ngati zopanda ntchito.
Olemba mapulogalamu a pa Intaneti (ena ndi madigiri a zachipatala) adakhala mayina odziwika bwino a nyumba mwa anthu ena. Anthuwa adalongosola kuti (mosasamala zofufuza ndi mazana ambiri asayansi padziko lonse lapansi) zinali zoonekeratu kuti katemera kwa ana ndi makanda amaimira "njira yochuluka kwambiri" yothetsera mankhwala opatsirana. Mwachiwonekere, chiphunzitsochi chinapita, "kupundula" majeremusi onsewa ndi mankhwala mu makanda ndi ana omwe anali ana anali kuvulaza kwambiri mchitidwe wochititsa autism.
Olemba mapepala ambiri, pamodzi ndi okonza msonkhano wa autism, amalimbikitsa "mankhwala" a autism omwe amachititsa kuti "anachotsa" ana "poizoni" kudzera mu njira zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku katemera kupita ku mpweya wabwino kupita ku zakudya ndi zakudya. Nkhani zinalimbikitsidwa ndi ana kukhala "ochiritsidwa" a autism pogwiritsa ntchito njirazi. Kaya nkhanizi ndi zoona kapena ayi, mwachiwonekere, ndi nkhani yongoganiza.
Ofufuza ambiri asindikiza kafukufuku wambiri omwe amasonyeza kuti autism ndi matenda omwe ali ndi "chibadwa cha chilengedwe komanso chilengedwe." Mwa kuyankhula kwina, simunabadwe autistic, mumabadwa ndi chiwerengero cha autism chomwe chingathetsedwe ndi chinachake choipa m'deralo. Kodi "chiwonongeko" chija chingakhale chiyani? Pali ziphunzitso zambiri, koma makolo akamapenya dokotala mwana wawo ali ndi singano-ndipo mwana wawo amasonyeza zizindikiro za autism mkati mwa masabata kapena miyezi-kulumikizana "koyenera" kumapangidwa.
Zochitika zonsezi, kayendedwe, nkhani, ndi zikhulupiliro zimagwirira ntchito palimodzi kuti apange chikhulupiliro cholimba, kusakhulupirira, ndi nkhaŵa zomwe zimafuna malo. Kuti chiwongoladzanja chachititsa kuti ziphuphu za chimanga zisakhale, mwinamwake, zovuta kumvetsa. Funso la $ 64,000, komabe, lingathe kuimitsidwa?