Nkhuku ya A H1N1 ya nthendayi ya 2009 inafalikira kwambiri m'nkhaniyi. Kodi ndizoopsa? Ndi nzeru kudziwa chomwe chiri, zomwe mungayembekezere, ndi momwe mungadzitetezere. Odwala amphamvu angagwiritse ntchito chidziwitso ichi kuti athetse mantha a nkhumba .
Kodi H1N1 Matenda A nkhumba N'chiyani?
Chiwindi cha nkhumba ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chimfine chomwe chimakhudza nkhumba.
Nkhumba ya nkhumba yokondweretsedwa mu 2009 ndi vuto la H1N1, limene linaperekedwa kuchokera ku nkhumba kupita kwa anthu. Zimayambitsa matenda mwa anthu, ndipo kuyambira mwezi wa June 2009, adalengezedwa ndi mliri ndi World Health Organization (WHO). Mu October 2009, Purezidenti Barack Obama adalengeza kuti H1N1 chimfine cha nkhumba kudziko la United States.
Kodi H1N1 Influenza A Imatanthauza Chiyani?
Ofesiyo, dzina la sayansi la nkhumba za nkhumba, serologic yake, ndi Novel H1N1 Influenza A. "Novel" imangotanthauza kuti ndi vuto latsopano. H imatanthauza hemagglutinin ndipo N imatanthauza neuraminidase ndipo "1" imatchula mtundu wawo wotsutsa. Fluenza A ndi mtundu wa a Orthomyxoviridae wa mavairasi ndipo imatanthawuza kuti kachilombo koyamba kamapezeka m'thupi, kawirikawiri nkhumba kapena mbalame. Akasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi, amafotokoza kachilombo ka nkhumba za nkhumba zapakati pa 2009-2010.
Chifukwa chiyani H1N1 imasiyana ndi ma ARV ena?
Pali mitundu yambirimbiri ya mavairasi omwe angayambitse chiwindi.
Matenda atsopano amayamba kawirikawiri ndipo aliyense amakhala wosiyana ndi woyambawo. Chifuwa cha nyengo chimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chimfine. Chiwindi cha nkhumba ndichatsopano, chosiyana kwambiri ndi kachilomboka.
Kodi Nkhumba Zamkuntho Zimakhala Bwanji Ndimamvetsera?
WHO inakhazikitsa ndondomeko yothetsera vuto la thanzi, monga matenda a nkhumba, omwe angathe kukhala mliri.
Gawo lirilonse limaimira njira yosiyana yoyankhira. Mwachitsanzo, Gawo 4 limatanthawuza kuti matendawa sangathe kukhala mkati mwa dziko linalake, choncho maboma ayenera kuyesetsa kuthana ndi kufalikira kwa matendawa. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2009, H1N1 chimfine cha nkhumba chimatchedwa mliri ndi WHO, kutanthauza kuti chinafika pa Gawo lachisanu.
Kodi Mliri Ukutheka Motani?
WHO imafotokozera mliri pamodzi ndi ndondomeko zotchulidwa pamwambapa. Amafotokoza kufalikira kwa matendawa, kudutsa anthu ndi mayiko. Pali kusiyana pakati pa mliri ndi mliri .
Nchifukwa chiani Pulezidenti Obama adalengeza State of Emergency ku United States?
Chidziwitso chadzidzidzi mu October 2009 chinali chokhudza kuti anthu oposa 1,000 a ku Amerika (kuphatikizapo ana pafupifupi 100) adafa chifukwa cha chimfine cha nkhumba cha H1N1.
Chidziwitsocho sichitha pang'ono kufalitsa kufalikira kwa chimfine ndi zina zokhuza zolepheretsa kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira komanso mogwira mtima pa gawo la opereka, kuphatikizapo madokotala, zipatala, zipatala zamankhwala ndi ena. Mu boma ladzidzidzi, magulu awa ali ndi ulamuliro wambiri pa momwe amachitira zochitika zawo ndi tepi yochepa ya boma yolimbana nayo.
Ndimamvetsera "Mkokomo wa Nkhumba" ndi "Avian Flu" mu Mutu Womwewo. Kodi Zonsezi Ndi Ziti?
Dzina la chimfine la mbalame ndilo dzina lina la mbalame ya chimfine.
Kujambula kotereku kumveka ngati "nkhumba, mbalame, munthu" ndipo zimatanthawuza kuti vuto la chimfine cha H1N1 limakhala ngati kuphatikizapo atatu.
Kodi Ng'ombe Zimayenda Bwanji?
Nkhumba ya nkhumba imafalikira basi momwe matenda aliwonse amachilombo amafalitsira kudzera mwa munthu ndi munthu. Munthu m'modzi amakhudza chinthu china chimene munthu wina ali ndi kachilombo kamene kakhudza kapena kutaya mumlengalenga komwe kamatuluka kapena kupfupa kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a nkhumba amafalitsidwa kwa munthu wina.
Kodi Zizindikiro Zenizeni za Matenda a Nkhumba N'zotani?
Zizindikiro za matenda a nkhumba ndi ofanana ndi zizindikiro za chimfine. Chiwombankhanga, chifuwa, pakhosi, minofu ya thupi, kupweteka mutu, kukhumudwa, ndi kutopa ndizo zizindikiro zofala kwambiri.
Odwala ena amafotokoza kutsekula m'mimba ndi kusanza, nayenso.
Kodi Anthu Amafa Nkhumba Zamtundu?
Anthu akhoza kufa, koma ambiri samatero.
Kodi pali katemera woteteza nkhuku ngati nkhuku yowopsa?
Chithandizochi chinapangidwanso chimodzimodzi ndi momwe chimfine chimayambira. Magulu apadera a anthu adaloledwa koyamba, malinga ndi zomwe CDC inanena.
Ndizitetezeka Ngati Sindinayambe Kuyanjana ndi Nkhumba?
Ayi. Awa ndi nthano . Kutumiza kachilombo sikufuna kuti muyanjane ndi nkhumba. Iyo ikhoza kudutsa kuchokera ku munthu wina kupita ku wina. Malingana ndi CDC, pali umboni wina wakuti anthu omwe amakumana ndi nkhumba nthawi zonse amatha kukhala ndi matenda a nkhumba.
Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati ndikuganiza kuti ndili ndi matendawa?
Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine, funsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ndikukhala kunyumba kuchokera kuntchito kapena kusukulu . Zingakhale nkhumba za nkhumba kapena zikhoza kukhala chimfine cha nyengo kapena vuto lililonse lakupuma. Mulole dokotala wanu akuwerengereni zimenezo.
Musati muwonetsere ku ofesi ya dokotala wanu. Itanani koyamba, kuti mupange msonkhano. Ngati ena ali ndi zizindikiro, simukufuna kukhala m'chipinda chodikirira nawo ndipo adokotala adzadziwa momwe matendawa sangapitsidwire m'chipinda chodikirira.
Pali mankhwala ena omwe dokotala angakulimbikitseni omwe angathandize kuti matendawa asavutike, ndipo zingakuthandizeni kupewa mavuto. Mankhwalawa ayenera kuyamba mkati mwa zizindikiro za maola 48 kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito.
Onetsetsani kuti mutseketsa mkamwa mwako ndi mphuno ngati mukutsokomola kapena kupopera pogwiritsa ntchito minofu kapena manja anu osati manja anu. Simukufuna kugawira ena.
Kodi Ndidzagwiritsira Ntchito Mpata Wotani?
Kutalika kwa matenda kudzadalira kukula kwa matenda anu. Mudzapatsirana kuchokera tsiku limodzi kusanayambike kwa zizindikiro mpaka masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri kenako. Ana akhoza kutenga kachilomboka kwambiri. CDC ikukulimbikitsani kuti mupitirize kunyumba mpaka maola 24 mutatha malungo anu.
Kodi Ambiri Ali Pangozi Otani Chifukwa Chogwira Nkhumba Zamagulu?
Monga matenda aliwonse opatsirana, makanda kapena aliyense amene ali ndi chitetezo cha chitetezo cha m'thupi amakhala osatetezeka. Ambiri Achimereka, omwe anabadwa asanafike 1960, akuwoneka kuti ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira, mwinamwake chifukwa chakuti anawoneka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngati amenewa pamene anali ana aang'ono.
Komabe, chomwechi ndi chachilendo pa matenda a nkhumba ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino akhoza kukhala pangozi yomweyi. Akatswiri a zamankhwala amanena kuti chitetezo cha mthupi champhamvu chingayambitse thupi kuti likhale ndi ma antibodies amphamvu kwambiri kuti liwononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo ma antibodies amenewa amatsitsa maselo a mapapu, kupanga anthu odwala ngakhale odwala.
Anthu amene anafa ndi nkhumba za nkhumba anali akuluakulu kwambiri kuposa zaka zitatu ndi zaka zoposa 60.
Kodi Anthu Ena Amatetezedwa?
Phunziro limodzi la magazi limatengedwa kuchokera ku gulu la anthu a misinkhu yonse likuwonetsa kuti 1/3 mwa iwo omwe anali ndi zaka 60 kapena kuposerapo anali ndi chitetezo choyambirira. Asayansi amawauza kuti anthuwa anali ndi kachilombo kofanana ngati anali ana, ndipo amamanga ma antibodies omwe amafunikira kuti amenyane nawo, zomwe zingawateteze ku ichi.
Ngati izo ziri zoona, komabe wodwalayo angafunike kuyesedwa kuti awone ngati ali ndi chitetezo. Ngati ndi choncho, CDC imakhulupirira kuti idzafunika katemera umodzi wokha m'malo mwake.
Kodi Ziweto Zingathe Kuwombera Nkhuku?
Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa November 2009, lipoti loyamba linapangidwa ndi khate lomwe linayesedwa bwino kwa H1N1 chimfine cha nkhumba. Malipoti apitalo apangidwa a pet ferret omwe analipo ndipo anapeza kuti anali ndi H1N1 chimfine cha nkhumba.
Mpaka lero palibe malipoti a nkhumba za nkhumba ku agalu. Ngati muli ndi nkhumba ya nkhumba ngati nyama yamphongo, mungafune kuyang'ana ndi veterinarian wanu.
Kodi Ndingadziteteze Bwanji Ndekha ndi Banja Langa Kuchokera ku Flu?
Tsatirani njira zina zotetezera zotetezedwa zomwe zimatsindikizidwa chifukwa cha chimfine chilichonse, kuphatikizapo chimfine:
- Sungani manja anu ndikutsuka. Ngati mumakhudza chinthu chomwe chingatenge kachilomboko, ndiye kuti musagwire maso, mphuno kapena pakamwa. Ngati simungathe kusamba m'manja nthawi ndi nthawi, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opangira mankhwala kuti asatuluke.
- PeĊµani kukhala pafupi ndi ena omwe angadwale kuti asapume kupuma. Iwo amanyodola kapena akukhuta, kapena kugwira chinachake chomwe iwo agwira.
- Mukamapereka moni kwa ena, musamangogwedeza manja kapena kuwakumbatira kapena kuwapsompsona panthawiyi. Zomwezi ndizo zambiri. Mwinanso mungafotokoze kuti mukuwakonda! Iwo adzakulemekezani inu chifukwa cha izo.
- Ngati muli ndi ndondomeko zoyendayenda, chitani mwakhama ndikuganizira momwe mungasinthire mapulani ngati mukupita kudera lomwe matenda a nkhumba, ngakhale zida zotheka nkhumba za nkhumba, zadziwika. CDC imapereka malangizo alendo.
- Konzani patsogolo. Konzani kuti mwina inu kapena ana anu (kutanthauza, inunso) mungatenge nkhumba za nkhumba, kuphatikizapo kuti mukufunikira kukhala kunyumba kuchokera kuntchito kapena kusukulu. Ngati zikuwoneka ngati anthu ogwira ntchito kapena sukulu ali ndi matenda opuma opuma, ngakhale sakudziwa ngati nkhumba ya nkhumba, mungafune kuganizira kukhala kunyumba, nayenso.
- Katemera watha kupezeka kwa chimfine cha nkhumba mu Fall 2009 .
Kodi Ndingapeze Nkhuku Zamkuntho Zochokera Kudya Nkhumba?
Ayi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a nkhumba sizipezeka mu nkhumba nyama. Iyi nthano ina.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Ndimawona Anthu Akuvala Masikiti Pamphuno Mwawo?
M'madera omwe mavairasi alionse akufalikira, akuyembekeza kudziteteza kuti asapume mpweya uliwonse umene ungasiyidwe mlengalenga kuchokera kwa wina amene adanyodola kapena akugwedeza. Akuluakulu azaumoyo samadziwa ngati masks amenewa ndi othandiza kapena ayi, koma sangathe kuvulaza.
Kodi Ndiyenera Kuopa Matenda a Nkhumba?
Kuopa sikukuitanidwa. Ulemu wathanzi ndi.
> Zotsatira:
> "2009 H1N1 Flu (" Swine Flu ") ndi Inu". Cdc.gov .
> "Magulu Aakulu a Bilo: Chilombo cha matenda a Influenza (Flu)". Micro.magnet.fsu.edu .
> Bungwe la Padziko Lonse la Umoyo