Maginito Resonance Imaging (MRI) akhala akuthandiza kwambiri kupeza matenda a ubongo, msana, ziwalo, ndi ziwalo zina zowoneka. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha njira zatsopano, MRI ikuwonetseratu zothandiza pofufuza ziwalo zomwe zimayenda-mtima ndi mitsempha yambiri yamagazi.
Kodi MRI N'chiyani?
MRI ndi njira yojambula yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yakuti atomic nuclei (pakali pano, pulotoni imodzi yomwe imayambitsa pulogalamu ya atomu ya haidrojeni) idzagwedezeka, kapena "kuyambanso," pamene itagwidwa ndi maginito amphamvu.
Pamene hydrogen nuclei isonate potengera kusintha kwa maginito, imatulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi. Makina a MRI amadziŵa mphamvu izi zowonongeka, ndipo amazifikitsa ku fano.
Mankhwala a hydrogen amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa maatomu a haidrojeni alipo m'mamolekyu amadzi (H2O), choncho amapezeka minofu iliyonse m'thupi. Zithunzi zomwe zimapezeka ndi kuyimilira kwa MRI ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri. Ndi makina a MRI omwe panopa, zithunzi izi zimapangidwa monga malingaliro a 3-D.
Ndipo kamodzi chithunzi cha 3-D cha MRI chimapezeka kuti chithunzichi "chimachepetsedwa" ndi kufufuzidwa mwatsatanetsatane, komanso mu ndege iliyonse, pafupifupi ngati kuchita opaleshoni yopenda pa kompyuta.
Kusiyanasiyana kwabodza mu ma atomu a haidrojeni pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za minofu - kusiyana, mwachitsanzo, kusiyana kwa magazi kapena minofu - imatulutsa mphamvu zosiyana. Kusiyana kwa mphamvu izi kungayimiridwe ndi mitundu yosiyana pa MRI.
Mwachitsanzo, MRI imapereka njira zodziwira malo omwe ali ndi minofu ya mtima yomwe imakhala yosauka magazi (monga matenda amtundu wa matenda a CAD ) kapena omwe awonongeka (monga momwe amachitira matenda a myocardial infarction ).
Kodi MRI Yamakono Ingatani Masiku Ano?
Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha sayansi, MRI yakhala yothandiza kwambiri poyesa matenda ambiri a mtima.
Kupititsa patsogolo komwe kwathandiza kwambiri MRI ya mtima kukhala njira zowonongeka, zomwe zimachotsa njira zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima; ndi kugwiritsira ntchito gadolinium, chojambulira chosiyana chomwe chimayikidwa m'magazi, chomwe chimathandiza MRI kusiyanitsa mitundu yambiri ya minofu mu mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi.
MRI imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano pofufuza zotsatirazi:
Matenda a Aortic: Chifukwa cha zochitika zenizeni komanso zowonjezereka zomwe zimachitika, MRI yasintha kusintha kwa matenda a aorta. Izi zikuphatikizapo aortic aneurysm , disorction aortic , ndi kugawidwa . Kuyeza kwa MRI kwakhala chinthu chozoloŵera komanso chofunikira kwambiri kuti zitheke kukonzanso matenda a aorta.
Matenda a Myocardial: MRI ingathandize kufotokoza chikhalidwe ndi kukula kwa matenda a mtima wa myocardium, monga cardiomyopathy . Zingathandize kudziwa ngati matenda a myocardial amayamba ndi ischemia , kutupa, fibrosis, kapena njira zina monga amyloid kapena sarcoid . MRI ingathandizenso kufufuza momwe moyo wa hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ulili .
Ntchito imodzi ya MRI ya mtima yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa "kuyendetsa njuchi zam'nyumba," minofu ya mtima yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi matenda a mitsempha yowoneka ngati yakufa, koma yomwe ikhoza kubwezeretsa ntchito pambuyo pochita opaleshoni.
Zochitika Zachikhalidwe Zopanda Mitsempha: MRI ingapezenso ndipo imaonetsa chotupa chosachiritsika cha mtima. Ndipo kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima ophatikizika, MRI ingathandize kuzindikira ndi kuthetsa zolakwika zosiyanasiyana, ndikukonzekera njira zothandizira opaleshoni.
Matenda a Pericardial. MRI ikhoza kuthandizira kuyeza kuchuluka kwake kwa kuwonongeka kwapadera , ndi kuwonetsa zovuta za pericarditis .
Zomwe Zingatheke Tsogolo la MRI Yamakono
Pali njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa MRI ya mtima yomwe ikuyenera kupindulitsa kwambiri njirayi.
Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kuzindikira matenda amphamvu odwala (ACS) . MRI ikhoza kuthandizira kuti muzindikire kuti ACS imamva kupweteka pamtima, kotero kuti mankhwalawa akhoza kuyamba msanga.
- Kusanthula mapulaneti a mitsempha yamakono. Kugwiritsira ntchito MRI kuganiza kuti mitsempha yamakono imatha, koma pali zoperewera zambiri zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse lero. MRI ndi yolondola kwambiri pozindikira kuti m'magawo akuluakulu a mitsempha yamakono imakhala yovuta kwambiri, koma imaphonya kapena kuposerapo magazi m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono. Zipangizo zamakono zatsopano zili pansi pano zomwe ziyenera kusintha zotsatirazi.
- Kuzindikira matenda a mtima X (microvascular coronary artery disease) . MRI yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kuti magazi amatha kupita kumalo a minofu ya mtima, ngakhale kuti palibe "CAD" yomwe ilipo. Kupeza uku kumapereka umboni wokwanira wakuti matenda a mtima x alipo.
Kodi Phindu la MRI N'chiyani?
- MRI ikhoza kuthetsa mayesero ena ena a mtima: ma echocardiogram , scan scan ya MUGA, scan scan thallium , ndi catheterization ya mtima .
- MRI siimaphatikizapo kufotokozera wodwala mankhwalawa.
- Zithunzi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi MRI ndizokwanira bwino, zowonjezereka komanso zenizeni-kwambiri kuposa mayesero ena a m'maganizo a mtima.
Kodi Vuto la MRI N'chiyani?
- Kuikidwa mu MRI scanner kungapangitse kwambiri claustrophobia pafupifupi 5% mwa odwala.
- N'zovuta kuwunika odwala pamene ali mu MRI scanner - mwachitsanzo, ECG imasokonezeka kwambiri - kotero njira iyi si yoyenera kwa odwala omwe akudwala kwambiri.
- Odwala omwe ali ndi zipangizo zamankhwala monga pacemakers , oplrillators komanso othandizira magetsi sangathe kukhala ndi MRI bwinobwino. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa zakuthupi zapangidwa kuti zilolere MRI kusanthula.
- Chithunzi cha MRI chimasokonezedwa ndi zitsulo, choncho chithunzichi chikhoza kukhala chonchi kwa odwala opanga opaleshoni kapena masentimita, mwachitsanzo.
- Mafilimu a MRI ndi ovuta komanso odula kwambiri. Kuti MRI ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndalamazo ziyenera kugwera kwambiri.
Zotsatira:
Lima, JA, Desai, MY. Maganizo a maginito opanga magetsi: mapulogalamu omwe alipo komanso omwe akuwonekera. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1164.
Kramer CM, Barkhausen J, Flamm SD, et al. Maganizo a maginito a maginito opanga magetsi (CMR), omwe amachititsa anthu kukhala ndi mtima wokhudzana ndi maginito. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2008; 10:35.
Bungwe la American College of Cardiology Foundation Working Force Expert Consensus Documents, Hundley WG, Bluemke DA, et al. ACCF / ACR / AHA / NASCI / SCMR 2010 chidziwitso cha chidziwitso cha mtima wa magnetic resonance: lipoti la American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents. Kuthamanga kwa 2010; 121: 2462.