Khansa ya m'mawere a Atsikana: Kupanga Kusankha ndi Kulimbana

Kupeza thandizo Pamene muli ndi khansa ya m'mawere m'zaka za m'ma 20 ndi 30s

Anthu ambiri amva kuti khansara ya m'mawere imatha kupezeka kwa atsikana, omwe ali ndi zaka zapakati pa makumi awiri kapena makumi atatu kapena makumi atatu. Komabe ngati mutakhala kuti ndinu mtsikana, mukhoza kumverera nokha. Khansara ya m'mimba sichiyenera kuchitika mukakhala ndi zaka zambiri pamene muli ndi ana ang'ono kapena mukuyamba kuganiza za kukhala ndi ana.

Sikuti kansara ya m'mawere imadabwitsa kwambiri atsikana ambiri, komabe khansa ya m'mawere akadakali aang'ono imatsegula zokambirana zambiri zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi amayi omwe ali okalamba.

Matendawa amachokera ku chonde kuti athetse msinkhu wa msinkhu wa msana, kuti athe kuthana ndi zotsatira za matenda omwe angatenge zaka zambiri kuti awonekere.

Pamwamba pa izi, khansa ya m'mawere ikhoza kukhala matenda osiyana kwambiri ndi atsikana. Tikuphunziranso kuti ambiri mwa khansa amenewa amasiyana ndi omwe amapezeka mwa amayi achikulire. Izi zikutanthawuza kusiyana pakati pa chirichonse kuchokera kuchipatala kupita ku matenda.

Tiyeni tikambirane za momwe moyo ndi khansara ya m'mawere ndi yosiyana kwa atsikana kuposa amayi achikulire, nkhani zomwe amai akukumana nazo, ndi momwe mungapezere chithandizo ngati mayi wamng'ono yemwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Khansa ya m'mimba mwa Atsikana

Pokamba za khansa ya m'mawere kwa atsikana, ndizofunikira kuti tidziwone yemwe tikukamba. Tanthauzo la "atsikana" ndi khansa ya m'mawere limasiyana ndi phunziro kapena kukambirana. Maphunziro ambiri amanena za amayi omwe ali ndi zaka 40 ndi pansi, pamene ena amalankhula za amayi omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 35.

Zina zimatanthawuza amayi omwe ali ndi vuto loyambitsa matendawa nthawi yomwe amadziwa kuti ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi (51).

Pakati pa nthiti zonse za pinki, anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti amayi omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mawere amathandizidwa kwambiri. Mwamwayi, pali zosowa zambiri zomwe sizingatheke kwa amayi omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere, makamaka omwe ali aang'ono kapena ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Kodi Kafukufuku Wachikondi wa Abambo Amakhala Wotani Kwambiri?

Pakali pano, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu mwa amayi aliwonse ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere asanayambe kusamba, ndipo 7 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mawere imapezeka asanafike zaka 40. Koma pafupi ndi 1 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mawere, komabe zimachitika asanakwanitse zaka 30.

Mwa khansa yomwe imapezeka mwazimayi pakati pa zaka 15 ndi 39, khansara ya m'mawere imakhala pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya izi. Mwachiwerengero, amayi pafupifupi 25,000 osakwana zaka 45 amapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere chaka chilichonse, ndipo 2,500 amafa.

(Amuna amatenga khansa ya m'mawere nayenso, ngakhale khansara ya m'mawere mwa amuna nthawi zambiri imakhala ikuchitika m'moyo, omwe ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 70.)

Zaka za matenda a khansa ya m'mawere zimasiyana ndi mtundu. Azimayi oyera amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere kusiyana ndi akazi akuda pa nthawi ya mimba ya mimba, khansa ya m'mawere m'magazi azimayi ali owirikiza kawiri monga omwe ali oyera pakati pa 35 ndi pansi, ndipo akaziwa nthawi zambiri amatha kufa matenda.

Kansera Yogwirizana ndi Amayi

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimagwidwa ndi khansa ya m'mawere azimayi ndi atsikana nthawi zina zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mimba. Khansara ya m'mimba imakhala pafupifupi pakati pa 1 ndi 3,000 mimba, komanso khansa ya m'mawere yogwiridwa ndi mimba (khansa pa nthawi ya mimba ndi chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri pakatha mimba) imakhala pafupifupi 7 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mawere kwa atsikana.

Chiyanjano cha khansa ya m'mawere ndi mimba chimasokoneza, chifukwa zotsatira za mimba pachiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere zimasiyana malingana ndi msinkhu. Tikudziwa kuti kukhala ndi ana m'mbuyomo m'moyo, komanso kukhala ndi ana ambiri, kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kukhala ndi ana kale komanso kukhala ndi ana ambiri kumakhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha khansa ya m'mawere kwa achinyamata, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere pambuyo pa mimba. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kutenga mimba kumabweretsa chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'mawere kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira zakubadwa, koma zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa.

Kodi khansa ya m'mawere imasiyana bwanji ndi atsikana?

Pali njira zambiri zomwe khansara ya m'mawere imasiyanirana ndi atsikana kuposa achikulire. Tiyeni tiwone kusiyana kwa zizindikiro ndi matenda, momwe khansa ya m'mawere imakhala yosiyana, komanso momwe chithandizo cha matendachi chikusiyana.

Zizindikiro ndi Kuzindikira kwa Khansa ya M'bwere mwa Atsikana

Zizindikiro zowopsa za khansa ya m'mawere aang'ono ndi akazi okalamba zimakhala zosavuta kuti njira ya kuyang'anitsitsa khansa yeniyeni ikhale yabwino. Ngakhale amayi omwe ali ndi zaka makumi anayi ndi makumi anayi aliwonse angakhale ndi mafilimu owonetsera, tilibe chida chothandizira kupeza matenda omwe ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 40. (Azimayi pa chiopsezo chachikulu chifukwa cha mbiri ya banja angayambe kuyang'anitsitsa mafilimu oyambirira kapena kuyang'anitsitsa mawere a MRI m'mawere .)

Pafupifupi atsikana anayi mwa asanu aliwonse omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mawere amapezeka atapeza mimba ya m'mawere. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, khansa ya m'mawere mwa amayi achikulire nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamtambo. Ngakhale amayi achichepere atakhala ndi mammogram, maphunzirowa sali olondola chifukwa cha kuchulukanso kwa mimba kwa atsikana achichepere.

Matenda a khansa ya m'mawere amapangidwa ndi 80 peresenti ya atsikana atapeza chifuwa cha m'mawere . Pachifukwa ichi, kafukufuku wa khansa ya m'mawere nthawi zambiri imapangidwira pamwambamwamba pa atsikana achichepere. Kupezeka kwa khansa ya m'mawere kungakhalenso kovuta kwa atsikana omwe ali ndi mimba kapena kuyamwitsa pamene bere limasintha nthawi zambiri limakhala loyamba.

Genetics & Zomwe Zimayambitsa Khansa ya M'mimba mwa Atsikana

Atsikana omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mawere amakhala ndi chiwerengero cha matendawa. Azimayi osakwana zaka 35 ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mamembala ena a khansa ya m'mawere kusiyana ndi akazi okalamba.

Mu kafukufuku wina, pafupifupi theka la amayi amene anapezeka asanakwanitse zaka 30 ndipo anali ndi mbiri ya banja la khansa ya m'mawere anali BRCA1, BRCA2, kapena kusintha kwa TP53 kupitirira 10 peresenti ya amayi omwe alibe mbiri ya banja. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Cowden (kusintha kwa PTEN) amakhalanso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mawere.

Sitikudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya m'mawere kwa atsikana, koma zina mwazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mawere ndizo:

Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mavitamini apamwamba a vitamini D agwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya m'mawere yoyamba, monga momwe amachitira zolimbitsa thupi komanso kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Mitundu & Zizindikiro za Khansa ya m'mimba mwa Atsikana

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwachilengedwe (maselo a maselo) pakati pa khansa ya m'mawere yomwe imapezeka kwa amayi achikulire kapena achikulire.

Khansa ya m'mimba mwa atsikana ndi ocheperako kuti akhale estrogen receptor kapena progesterone receptor zabwino. Komabe, khansa iyi ndi yowonjezereka kukhala HER2 / neu posangalatsa. (Monga tafotokozera apa, izi zimakhudza chithandizo.)

Khansa ya Premenopausal ya m'mawere imakhalanso ndi mapiritsi apamwamba kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, amakhala okalamba 3 kuposa kalasi 1 kapena 2). Kafukufuku wamtunduwu ndi chiwerengero cha kupwetekedwa kwa chotupa, kotero kuti zotupa mwa atsikana zimakhala zowawa kwambiri. Khansara itatu ya khansa ya m'mawere , yovuta kwambiri khansa ya m'mawere kuti ichitire, imakhalanso yofala kwa atsikana. Pa kafukufuku wina, 56 peresenti ya akazi akuda ndi 42% a azungu a pakati pa zaka 20 ndi 34 anali ndi zotupa zitatu.

Mankhwala a khansa ya m'mawere mu atsikana

Njira zomwe mungapangire khansa ya m'mawere azimayi angakhale osiyana ndi akazi achikulire m'njira zina zofunika, osati chifukwa chakuti maselo amodzimodzi (otero, estrogen ndi ogwirizana ndi estrogen receptor negative) amasiyana, komanso chifukwa cha vuto la mimba komanso chiopsezo cha mavuto a nthawi yaitali.

Opaleshoni

Chimodzi mwa zosankha zomwe amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a khansa ya m'mawere oyambirira akusankha pakati pa lumpectomy ndi mastectomy . Ngakhale kupanga chigamulo m'dera lino kuli kovuta kwa iwo omwe ali am postmenopausal, iwo akhoza kusokoneza kwambiri kwa atsikana. Kuchita opaleshoni yamtumbo monga lumpectomy kumakhudza kwambiri atsikana, koma pa nthawi yomweyi, atsikana amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chobwezeretsa (chomwe chiri chokwanira ndi lumpectomy kusiyana ndi chiwerengero cha mastectomy). Ichi ndi chisankho chomwe chimafuna kulingalira mosamala kwa aliyense, makamaka atsikana.

Chisankho chokhala ndi chiwerengero cha mchitidwe wogwirizanitsa chiwiri chimakhalanso chofunika kwambiri, monga chiopsezo cha khansara ya m'mawere (kukula kwa khansara mu chifuwa china) n'chimodzimodzi. Azimayi amene amachiritsira khansa ya m'mawere oyambirira ali ndi zaka 36 ali ndi mwayi wokwana 13 peresenti yokhala ndi khansa m'mimba ina zaka khumi zotsatira.

Chemotherapy

Poyerekeza ndi akazi achikulire, amayi achichepere amakhala ndi nthawi zambiri, ndipo adjuvant chemotherapy (chemo pambuyo pa opaleshoni) ikhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo ichi. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, zotsatira zoyenera kuphatikizapo kusamba msanga ndi zina (zotchulidwa m'munsimu) zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kwa atsikana, ndipo zotsatira za nthawi yayitali zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu.

Thandizo la Hormone

Monga taonera kale, atsikana ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa amayi achikulire omwe ali ndi zotupa zabwino zotchedwa estrogen zomwe zimapangitsa kuti atha kukhala ndi chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere . Kwa atsikana omwe ali ndi zotupa zabwino za estrogen, tamoxifen kawirikawiri amafunikira m'malo mwa mankhwala ophera aromatase.

Tikuphunzira kuti mankhwalawa ndi aromatase inhibitor kwa zaka zisanu (ndipo mwinamwake kwa khumi) akhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri kubwerera kwawo komanso kuti mankhwalawa angakhale othandiza kwambiri kuposa tamoxifen. Mwamwayi, aromatase inhibitors angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa amayi omwe amatha kupha anthu. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, amayi achichepere kawirikawiri amafunika kuganizira za mankhwala ochotsera ovari. Kuchotsa mazira ambiri (oophorectomy) kapena zambiri, mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa ovarian ntchito ndi othandiza.

Thandizo Lolinga

Ndibwino kuti, mankhwala ozunguza bongo monga Herceptin angakhale othandiza kwa amayi omwe ali ndi zotupa za HER2 / neu, ndipo HER2 / neu ndi yofala kwambiri kwa atsikana achichepere.

Mankhwala Opanga Mafuta

Thandizo la ma ARV lingathandizenso atsikana. Zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za mankhwala a radiation, komabe, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Zotsatira za Nthawi Zakale za Atsikana Omwe Ali ndi Khansa ya M'bwere

Popeza amayi achichepere amayembekezera kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali kusiyana ndi amayi okalamba omwe ali ndi matendawa, ndipo chifukwa chakuti zotsatira zina zotenga nthawi yaitali zimatenga zaka zambiri kuti zitheke, zotsatira za nthawi yaitali zingathandize kwambiri atsikana omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere:

Kugonana kwa khansa ya m'mawere mu atsikana

Mwamwayi, chiwerengero cha atsikana omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere n'chochepa kuposa amayi achikulire omwe ali ndi matendawa. Phunziro lalikulu la amayi oposa 200,000 omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mawere, amayi osachepera 40 ali ndi zaka makumi atatu ndi makumi atatu kudza makumi atatu kudza makumi atatu kudza makumi atatu kudza makumi atatu ndi atatu (39%) omwe amafa chifukwa cha matenda awo. Osati kokha kupulumuka kwapansi, koma kusintha kwa kupulumuka kuyambira 1975 kuli kocheperapo ndi akazi achikulire omwe ali ndi matendawa.

Chimodzi mwa kusiyana kwa izi ndikuti sitikuyezetsa kuyesa kuti tipeze khansa ya m'mawere kumayambiriro kwa atsikana ndipo monga momwe taonera, chikhalidwechi chimapezeka mwa atsikana ambiri atapeza mimba ya m'mawere. Palinso zinthu zina. Pamene khansa ya m'mawere imabwereranso ndi atsikana achichepere nthawi zambiri imakhala yowonjezereka kusiyana ndi kubwereza komweko.

Komabe, amayi achichepere ali ndi ubwino wina. Atsikana amayamba kukhala ndi thanzi lachilendo. Komanso, atsikana nthawi zambiri amalekerera mankhwala.

M'mbuyomu, ankaganiza kuti khansa ya m'mawere yogwiridwa ndi mimba (yomwe imayambira pa nthawi ya mimba komanso zaka zisanu pambuyo pa mimba) inkagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda olakwika. Kafukufuku wa 2013 adapeza kuti amayi omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere yokhudzana ndi mimba ali ndi moyo wambiri. Kuphunzira kwa 2016, mosiyana, kunapeza kuti khansa iyi inali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha kubwereranso kwapachilendo koma sikunali kusiyana ndi chiwerengero cha kupulumuka kwa anthu omwe sali ndi khansa.

Ufulu ndi Kulera

Onse akudabwa ngati mudzatha kutenga pakati, ndikudabwa momwe mungapewere kutenga mimba ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa atsikana omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Chemotherapy amadziŵika bwino chifukwa choponyera mkazi kusamba, ndipo mankhwala opatsirana ndi ovariya amatha kuwonjezeranso. Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kukhala ndi ana m'tsogolomu, pali zosankha zoyenera kubereka. Mosiyana ndi umuna wozizira, mazira ozizira kwambiri akadali kufufuza njira. Izi zinati, mazira oyaka moto amafala. Phunzirani zambiri za momwe khansa ya m'mawere imakhudzira chonde komanso zomwe mungasankhe kuti muzisunga.

Mbali yodetsa nkhaŵayi ndi yakuti anthu ena amakhalabe achonde ngakhale panthawi ya chithandizo. Kwa omwe agwiritsira ntchito njira zothandizira kulera, izi sizingatheke chifukwa cha estrogen m'mapiritsi. Njira zina zothandizira kulera monga makondomu kapena IUD m'malo mwake akulimbikitsidwa.

Zizindikiro za Mwamuna ndi Zotsatira Zogonana

Zizindikiro za mthupi zimakhala zokhumudwitsa kwambiri kwa atsikana omwe akudwala khansa ya m'mawere. M'malo moyamba kutuluka kwazizira kotentha komwe kumakhala koyambitsa kusamba, zizindikirozi zimatha kuoneka mosavuta pambuyo pa mankhwala a chemotherapy atayamba.

Zotsatira za kugonana ndizofala ndi mayendedwe otsika a estrogen, ndipo izi zingakhale zodetsa nkhawa kwa atsikana. Kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro izi. Mwamwayi, mbali iyi ya umoyo umayendetsedwa mobwerezabwereza ndi oncologists, ndipo pali njira zambiri zothandizira. Mwinanso mungafune kutenga mphindi kuti muwone malingaliro anu polimbikitsa kugonana kwanu pamene mukudwala khansa .

Kulimbana ndi Mayi Wachinyamata Ndi Khansa ya M'bwere

Kulimbana ndi amayi aang'ono (kapena abambo) ndi khansa ya m'mawere ndi chimodzi mwa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zosowa zothandizira atsikana ndi amayi achikulire omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mawere. Mabungwe okondweretsa odzikonda omwe amasonyeza akazi otetezeka pampando ndi kumvetsera nyimbo zolimbikitsa pambuyo pa mankhwala a chemotherapy angawoneke ngati zongopeka ngati muli ndi ana ang'ono akuyendayenda akugwiritsira ntchito bedi omwe mwakhala pa gymnastic practice.

Kukhala nawo m'dera la khansa ya m'mawere ndi amayi ena achichepere angakhale ofunika, ndipo akhoza kukupatsani malingaliro ambiri. Ndifunikanso kufotokozera achibale anu ndi abwenzi ndikupempha thandizo. N'zosavuta kuiwala kugwira ntchito kwa banja ndi ana aang'ono pamene ana anu akukalamba kuti azisamalira okha. Kufotokozera tsiku lomwe mumakhala nalo lingakhale chikumbutso kwa amayi achikulire omwe mumawadziwa, kuwathandiza kuti alowemo ndikuthandizira pamene akukumbukira mavuto omwe ali nawo amayi omwe alibe khansara ya m'mawere.

Nkhawa Zamtima: Nkhawa ndi Kupsinjika Maganizo

Kulimbana ndi maganizo a khansa ya m'mawere ndi kovuta kwa aliyense wa msinkhu uliwonse. Komabe achinyamata omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha nkhawa komanso kuvutika maganizo. Panthawi imodzimodzi yomwe izi zimachitika, kukhala ndi nthawi yowonongeka kungawoneke kolemetsa. Kuyankhula ndi katswiri wothandizira khansa kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri ndipo kwagwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha kupulumuka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Kupeza Thandizo Monga Mnyamata Ndi Khansa ya M'bwere

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwika kuti pali chithandizo chokwanira kwa amayi omwe akulimbana ndi khansa ya m'mawere, komatu izi si zoona, makamaka kwa omwe "sazolowereka", monga omwe ali aang'ono. Ndi thandizo liti lomwe liripo?

Magulu Othandizira & Othandizira Othandizira

Magulu othandizira ndi madera angapange kusiyana kwakukulu kwa amayi (ndi amuna) ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Khola, komabe, ndizothandiza kupeza gulu lopangidwa ndi atsikana ena. Zomwe mukukumana nazo monga mtsikana ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe mayi wa 60 kapena 70 angakumane nazo. Azimayi omwe ali agogo aakazi sagwirizana nawo mofanana ndi pakati pa usiku kudyetsa zakudya pa mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena ngati si kwanzeru kutenga mimba pambuyo chithandizo.

Mwamwayi, pali magulu ambiri othandizira komanso magulu a pa intaneti omwe amapangidwa makamaka kwa atsikana omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Zingakhale zovuta kupeza magulu awa, koma izi zakhala zosavuta tsopano ndi ma hashtag. Ngati muli pa Twitter kapena Facebook ndipo mukufufuza maguluwa, gwiritsani ntchito hashtag #BCSM yomwe imayimira khansa ya chikhalidwe cha m'mawere. Musanachite zimenezi, khalani ndi mphindi kuti mudziwe za momwe mungagawire ulendo wanu wa khansa mosamala kudzera muzamasewero .

Mawu Ochokera

Kuzindikira kuti khansa ya m'mawere ndi mtsikana yemwe akudwala matendawa. Mu njira zambiri, khansara ya m'mawere ndi matenda osiyana mwa atsikana, omwe amatanthauzira zochiritsira zosiyanasiyana ndi zosiyana.

Pali zovuta zambiri pazinthu za atsikana, kuyambira pakukhudzidwa ndi chonde kuopsa kwa nthawi yaitali zokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha matendawa. Kusankha mwanzeru ndi kofunikira kwa mkazi aliyense ali ndi kansa ya m'mawere, ndipo kuyeza zomwe mungachite kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Kuchitira nkhanza nthawi zambiri kumalimbikitsidwa chifukwa cha chiopsezo chachikulu chobwezeretsa, koma izi zikutanthawuzanso kuti zotsatira za matenda a kansa zingakhale zazikulu kuposa za akazi achikulire. Tikuphunzira kuti njira zopangira zisankho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zisankho zofunikira izi, ndipo atsikana amafunika kukhala ndi deta yaposachedwapa kuti apange chisankho chabwino pazinthu zawo.

Monga cholembera chomaliza, nkofunika kufotokozera kuti pali ndalama zopangira khansara ya m'mawere ali wamng'ono. Ngakhale kuti zimakhudzidwa ndi zotsatira za mankhwala, maphunziro amatiuza kuti khansa imasintha anthu m'njira zabwino. Anthu omwe adakumana ndi khansa amakhala ndi chifundo komanso omvera chisoni, amakhala ndi chiyamiko chachikulu pa moyo wawo, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi kusiyana ndi awo omwe moyo wawo sunayambe kudwala khansa.

> Zotsatira:

> Anastasiadi, A., Lianos, G., Ignatiadou, E., Harissis, H., ndi M. Mitisis. Khansa ya m'mimba mwa Atsikana: Mwachidule. Zosintha za Opaleshoni . 2017 Mar 4. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).

> Brandt, J., Garne, J., Tengrup, I., ndi J. Manjer. Zaka Zodziwika Zokhudza Kupulumuka Kotsatira Khansa Yamtundu: Phunziro la Ophunzira. World Journal of Oncology Opaleshoni . 2015. 13:33

> Howard-Anderson, J., Ganz, P., Bower, J., ndi A. Stanton. Makhalidwe a Moyo, Kukhudzidwa Kwambiri, ndi Zotsatira za Umoyo wa Achinyamata Omwe Amapulumutsidwa Kansana. Journal of National Cancer Institute . 2012. 104 (5): 386-405.

> Menen, R., ndi K. Kuwongolera. Kuganizira za chithandizo cha odwala achiwerewere ndi khansa ya m'mimba. Breast Journal . 2016. 22 (6): 667-672.

> Taylan, E., ndi K. Oktay. Maiko Amakono ndi Otsutsana pa Kutetezedwa Kwachilengedwe kwa Akazi ndi Khansa ya M'bwere. World Journal of Clinical Oncology . 2017. 8 (3): 241-248.