Pamene chiwopsezo cha khansa chikuwongolera, zotsatira za matenda opatsirana khansa zikufunika kwambiri. Zizindikiro zimenezi, zomwe zilipo pakati pa theka la odwala matenda a khansa, sitinayang'anepo mpaka posachedwapa, monga momwe takhala tikuganizira za chithandizochi, komanso kuti tikuchiritsidwa. Izi zikhoza kupitirira ndi / kapena kudzuka miyezi, zaka, ngakhale zaka zambiri pambuyo pa chithandizo, ndipo zikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri moyo wa anthu omwe apulumuka khansa.
Kuyambira m'ma 1970, chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a khansa omwe amakhala ku United States chawonjezeka katatu, ndipo anthu pafupifupi 13,500,000 anapulumuka ku United States m'chaka cha 2012, ndipo anthu 30 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi apulumuka. Ku United States, anthu atatu mwa anthu 100 alionse adakula matenda a khansa kwa zaka zisanu kapena kuposerapo.
Ngati mukudabwa ngati mukugwirizana ndi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a khansa, ndiye kuti aliyense amene watulukira kuti ali ndi khansara kuyambira tsiku lodziŵika ndi kupitiliza moyo wawo wonse. Zina mwa zizindikiro ndi zochitikazi ndi ziti, ndipo ndi thandizo liti lomwe liripo?
Matenda a Mtima
Matenda a mtima ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda komanso imfa pakati pa odwala matenda a khansa. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za anthu akuluakulu omwe amachiritsidwa ndi khansa, koma ndizofunika kuzindikira kuti anthu omwe amachiritsidwa ndi khansa monga ana kapena achinyamata amakhala odwala kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa matenda a mtima kusiyana ndi anthu a msinkhu womwewo omwe sanawathandize khansa.
Mankhwala ambiri a khansa amatha kudwala matenda a mtima, ndipo nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi khansa amalandira mankhwala angapo pamodzi. Zina mwazimene zimayambitsa ndizo:
- Mankhwala a chemotherapy, makamaka mankhwala monga Adriamycin (doxorubicin).
- Kuwombera ku chifuwa-mwachitsanzo ndi khansara yamapapo, khansara yamagazi ya kumanzere, ndi malimymim.
- Zovuta zothandizira monga antibodies zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu khansa ya m'mawere monga Herceptin .
Mankhwala a khansa angakhudze mtima m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo amachititsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa awa ndi awa:
Kachilombo ka mtima - Kachilomboka (kufooketsa kwa minofu ya mtima) kumatsogolera ku mtima kulephera ndiko mbali yowopsa ya mtima wa khansa . Mankhwala a Chemotherapy, makamaka mankhwala monga Adriamycin (doxorubicin) ndi Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide) sagwirizana kwambiri ndi mtima wosalimba. Ngati munapatsidwa mankhwala mumagulu awa, wanu oncologist mwina analamula echocardiogram kuti ayang'ane kachigawo kakang'ono mtima wanu ejection asanayambe chemotherapy.
Kuwombera pachifuwa, mwachitsanzo kwa matenda a Hodgkin, kansa ya m'mawere ya kumanzere, kapena khansara yamapapo, ndi chifukwa china chofunika kwambiri cha matenda a mtima. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2007 anasonyeza kuti anthu 10 mpaka 30 peresenti ya anthu omwe amachiritsidwa ndi chifuwa cha mankhwala amatha kukhala ndi matenda a mtima mkati mwa khumi khumi. Phunziroli liyenera kumasuliridwa mosamala, komabe, monga njira zamakono zowonongeka (njira zochepetsera mtima) zomwe zimachepetsa miyendo ya mtima mpaka pano.
Izi zinkati, kulephera mtima kumayamba ndi zizindikiro zosaoneka bwino monga kutopa, kuchepa kwa kupirira, kutupa miyendo, kapena kupuma pang'ono ndi ntchito.
Ngati mwalandira mankhwalawa kapena muli ndi mankhwala othandizira pafupipafupi, funsani anu oncologist ngati angakupatseni chithandizo cha mtima. Malo ena omwe ali ndi khansa tsopano ali ndi mapulogalamu a cardio-oncology kuti athetse mavutowa, makamaka ngati muli ndi mbiri yaumwini kapena banja lanu la matenda a mtima, kapena matenda ena a mtima monga matenda a shuga. Ndipo, ngakhale mukuganiza kuti zizindikiro zanu sizomwe zili, ndibwino kuti mukhale otetezeka kusiyana ndi chisoni pofika pamtima mwanu.
Matenda a mitsempha ya Coronary - Mankhwala ena a khansa amatha kuwononga zitsulo za mtima zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima msanga. Monga taonera kale, izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa ana, achinyamata, ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda a khansa.
Arrhythmias - Mankhwala opatsirana khansa angayambitsenso "magetsi" a mtima omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lopanda nzeru ( arrhythmias ). Ngati mumakhala ndi mutu wautali, phokoso, kapena mumamva ngati mtima wanu ukuwomba pang'onopang'ono kapena mmalo mwawina, onetsetsani kuti adziwe dokotala wanu.
Kutopa
Ngakhale kuti sizowopsa ngati matenda a mtima, khansa yofooka ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza ambiri opulumuka kansalu. Kuwonjezera pa khalidwe la moyo, kutopa kungakhale chiwopsezo chokhala ndi moyo wapansi. Kufooka kwa khansa n'kovuta kumvetsa ngati simunadziwe nokha; Sikuti ndikutopa komwe kumatha kumasulidwa ndi usiku wabwino wopuma kapena kapu. Kutsutsana ndi okondedwa kungakhale ngati abwenzi anu ndi abambo akuyembekeza kuti mubwererenso ku khansa yanu isanatengere chithandizo. Ngati mukukhumudwa, simuli nokha. Onetsetsani izi zothandiza kuthana ndi kutopa kwa khansa , ndipo, komabe, sindikizani nkhaniyo ndi kuipereka kwa achibale ndi abwenzi omwe "samachipeza."
Koma choyamba, kambiranani bwino ndi dokotala wanu. Pali zifukwa zina za kutopa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi khansa zomwe zingakhale zothandizira. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi kupatsirana kwa magazi kwa nthawi yayitali kutsatira chemotherapy . Chitsanzo china ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni. Kuchiza ma ARV kumutu ndi m'khosi kungapangitse mahomoni otsika a chithokomiro ( hypothyroidism ) omwe angapangitse kapena kuwathandiza kuti asatope komanso kuwonjezera zizindikiro zina. Mosiyana ndi hypothyroidism, mankhwala a chemotherapy angayambitsenso hyperthyroidism (chithokomiro chopitirira muyeso) chomwe chingayambitse kulemera, kunjenjemera, ndi nkhawa zomwe zingakhale zovuta.
Pali zina zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kutopa pakutsata khansa, zina zomwe zimachiritsidwa, zina zomwe siziri, koma dokotala wanu amadziwa kuti akukuyang'anitsani ndikuyesa mayeso oyenerera ngati mutayankhula. Ngati muli ndi chilakolako chachikulu chophimba mutu wanu ndi pillow pamene alamu akulengeza mmawa, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.
Kusagona
Kugonana kuli kofala pakati pa opulumutsidwa ndi khansa ndipo kawirikawiri kumapitirira zaka zambiri kuposa mankhwala. Ngakhale kuti chisonyezerochi chikhoza kuoneka ngati chosavuta kwa ena, kupereŵera kosalekeza kumangowonjezera ubwino wa moyo koma kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha mavuto ena amthupi ndi aumunthu. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti njira zamaganizo zokhala ndi vuto la kusowa tulo (CBTI) zimatha kusintha kwambiri chizindikiro ichi kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa.
Matenda a Mitsempha
Matenda a mphuno -mitsempha ya mitsempha yomwe imatsogolera ku mikono ndi miyendo yomwe nthawizonse imakhala yosatha-ndi zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri za zotsatira za khansa. Matendawa amakhudza pafupifupi achitatu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa, ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwonjezeka. Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo chimfine, kumangirira, "zikhomo ndi singano" zopweteka, komanso kusalana kumeneku komwe kumapezekanso kugawa "magetsi". Kuchepetsa kupweteka m'manja ndi m'mapazi kungasokoneze zinthu zosavuta monga zojambula zovala, kapena zovuta kuika mapazi anu, zomwe zimayambitsa kugwa. Mankhwala ambiri amathandiza kuti thupi liziyambitsa matendawa, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi mankhwala monga Platinol (cisplatin) ndi Taxol (paclitaxel). Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga majeremusi, antiepileptic mankhwala, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso nthawi zina mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa cha ululu waukulu. Njira zina zochiritsira, monga kusisita minofu , kutsekemera thupi , ndi zithunzi zothandizira zingapereke mpumulo waukulu kwa anthu ena. Kafukufuku akupitiriza kuyang'anitsitsa njira zothandizira kutsegula kwa mphutsi kuti zisadzachitike panthawi ya chemotherapy.
Kusokonezeka Maganizo
Zowonjezereka zakhazikitsa " chemobrain ," zovuta zokhudzana ndi chidziwitso pambuyo pa mankhwala a chemotherapy zatchulidwa m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Zizindikiro monga vuto la kuchuluka kwa magulu ndi vuto loyambira lingayambe pa mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi kupitiriza kwa miyezi kapena zaka. Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mazira a m'mutu ndi m'miyendo ya khansa ya mutu ndi ya mitsempha, zotupa za ubongo, ubongo wa ubongo ndi mavitamini a puloteni (PCI) (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo) angathandizenso kuzindikiritsa. Kwa anthu ena, kuyesa kuganizira ntchito imodzi panthawi, kusunga mndandanda wa malipiro, komanso kuchita "ubongo" monga sudoku angakhale othandiza. Kwa ena, kukambirana ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo kungalimbikitsidwe pamene zizindikiro zikusowa ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kusokonezeka Kwambiri Chifukwa Chakudutsa
Matenda omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamangokhala ndi matenda a khansa ndi vuto lina lomwe lakhala likudziwika kwambiri pakati pa odwala khansa. Matendawa, omwe amadziwikanso kuti akuchitika pakati pa omwe adagonjetsedwa, kapena ogwiriridwa, mwachitsanzo, akuganiza kuti alipo mwa odwala 35 peresenti omwe akutsata chithandizo. Chithandizo cha PTSD chingaphatikizepo njira zingapo, koma sitepe yofunika kwambiri ndiyo kuzindikira nthawi yomweyi.
Nkhawa
Ngakhale kupanikizika sikufala kwambiri pakati pa opulumutsidwa ndi khansa kusiyana ndi omwe sanakhale ndi khansa, nkhawa ndi vuto lalikulu. Kafukufuku wina akuyang'ana anthu opulumuka ndi khansa pafupifupi 50,000 anapeza kuti 18 peresenti ya anthuwa anavutika ndi matenda atatha. Nkhawayi sinkawoneka ngati ikucheperapo nthawi, ndipo, makamaka, omwe anali ndi zaka khumi kapena kupitilira kuchipatala anali ndi nkhawa yaikulu kwambiri. Kuopa matenda a khansa ndi mtundu umodzi wa nkhaŵa zomwe zimakhala zodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri, ngati sikuti onse opulumutsidwa ndi khansa amakumanapo nthawi ndi nthawi.
Ngati mukupeza kuti nkhaŵayi ikukukhudzani, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu. Chizindikiro ichi sichikutanthauza kuti mukusowa mankhwala ochiritsira, ndipo mosiyanitsa, njira zochiritsira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito monga machiritso, kupaka minofu, kupuma kupuma, ndi zithunzi zowonongeka, zingakuthandizeni kuthana ndi chizindikiro ichi pamene mukupindulitsani inu.
Kusadziletsa
Nkhawa zokhuza kubereka zingakhale zophweka poyerekezera ndi matenda a kansa koma ndizofunikira kwenikweni kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi khansa. Nkhanizi zikufotokoza momwe chithandizo cha khansa chingakhudzire chonde kwa amuna ndi akazi.
Osteoporosis
Mankhwala ambiri amachititsa kuti mafupa awonongeke. Izi, motero, zingayambitse zophulika. Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mafupa anu ngati izi sizinachitidwe, komanso kuyang'ana mlingo wanu wa vitamini D, chifukwa kuchepa kwa vitamini D kungayambitse matenda otupa matenda komanso matenda ena. Kuwonjezera apo, kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti kwa ena khansa pangozi yobwereza ikhoza kuchepa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vitamini D. okwanira
Kulephera Kugonana
Kusokonezeka kwa kugonana ndi kofala, komanso vuto losokoneza maganizo pakati pa anthu omwe apulumuka khansa. Khansara ikhoza kuyambitsa kusintha kwa thupi ndi mahomoni komwe kumachepetsa chisangalalo cha kugonana, ndipo ndithudi, kusokonezeka maganizo komwe kumachitika pa kusinthaku kwa thupi. Nkhaniyi yokhuza chiwerewere chanu pa nthawi ya khansa ikufotokozera zina mwa zifukwa, komanso malingaliro othandizira kuti mukhale ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chogonana chomwe simungathe kuchidutsa.
Khansa yachiwiri
Mankhwala ambiri a kansa amapangidwa kuti awononge DNA ya maselo kuti apangitse imfa ya maselo a khansa. Mwamwayi, maselo ochiritsira nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa, ndipo izi zingabweretse chitukuko cha zaka zazaka khanaka. Chemotherapy, makamaka mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide,), topoisomerase inhibitors (Mwachitsanzo, Etoposide), ndi antchito a anthracycline (mwachitsanzo, Adriamycin (doxorubicin) amachititsa kuti pakhale vuto lalikulu la khansa yachiwiri. Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira kuti chiopsezo cha khansa imeneyi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosiyana poyerekeza ndi phindu la mankhwalawa pakuthana ndi khansa yoyamba.
Zotsatira Zotsatira Zina
Mankhwala oletsa khansa angakhudze pafupifupi dera lililonse kapena chiwalo chilichonse m'thupi. Lymphedema , kuwonongeka kwa impso, pulmonary fibrosis, kuwonongeka kwa dzino, kumva kutayika, ndi nthendayi, kutchula zochepa zokhazokha, ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa omwe apulumuka khansa kusiyana ndi anthu ambiri.
Kukhala Wodziimira Kwawekha Patatha Chithandizo
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti oncologists ndi madokotala oyambilira akugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti apange kusintha kosasintha kwa opulumuka ku khansa. Akatswiri ambiri ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi amagwira ntchito ndi odwala awo kuti amalize "dongosolo la chisamaliro cha kupulumuka" lomwe limayang'anitsitsa chidziwitso chotsatira, zizindikiro zoyang'anira, ndi zowonjezereka kwa opulumuka akupita patsogolo. Ngati mulibe ndondomeko ya chisamaliro cha kupulumuka, funsani ovomerezeka anu kuti agwire ntchito ndi inu kuti amalize. Pano pali chitsanzo cha ndondomeko ya dongosolo la chisamaliro lopangidwa ndi Minnesota Care Alliance , Silingathe kudandaula mokwanira kuti ndikofunika bwanji kuti mukhale ndi makope a zolemba zanu zachipatala kuti mutenge nazo.
Popeza lingaliro la "kupulumuka kwa khansa" ndi latsopano, opulumuka ambiri a khansa akupezekabe akugwa pakati pa ming'alu pambuyo pa chithandizo. Kamodzi kamodzi ine ndamvapo kuti winawake anachotsedwa ndi oncologist wawo, kuwasiya iwo ndi kumverera kuti iwo ayenera kukhala othokoza kuti apulumuka. Koma monga taonera pamwambapa, anthu ambiri amene adapulumuka khansa amakhala ndi zotsatira zake. Ndikofunika kuti zinthu zilizonse zomwe muli nazo zifotokozedwe, koma njira yokha yomwe akatswiri azachipatala adzadziwira kuti mukudandaula ngati mutayankhula.
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