Ischemia ndi chikhalidwe chomwe sichikwanira kuthamanga kwa magazi ku chimodzi mwa ziwalo za thupi, zomwe kawirikawiri zimayambitsidwa ndi chikhomo cha atherosclerotic mu arteri yopereka chiwalo chimenecho. Chiwalo chogonjetsedwa ndi ischemia chimatchedwa kuti ischemic .
Chifukwa chiwalo cha ischemic sichilandira mpweya wonse ndi zakudya zomwe zimafunikira, ischemia nthawi zambiri imachititsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka, ndipo nthawi zambiri, limatulutsa zizindikiro.
Ngati ischemia imakula mokwanira kapena imapitirira nthawi yaitali, maselo a chiwalo chokhudzidwa akhoza kuyamba kufa. Imfa ya zonse kapena mbali ya thupi la ischemic imatchedwa infarction .
Zitsanzo zambiri za ischemia ndizo zotsatirazi:
Mtima wa Ischemia
Cardiac ischemia kaŵirikaŵiri imayamba chifukwa cha atherosclerotic plaques mu mitsempha yamakono , mitsempha yomwe imapereka minofu ya mtima. Komabe, matenda a mtima ischemia angakhalenso chifukwa cha zinthu zina monga matenda a mitsempha yam'thupi , matenda a mtima wa X , kapena congenital anomalies a mitsempha yamakono .
"Angina" yodziwika ndi chizindikiro cha chifuwa (kapena chakuthupi) chosautsa chifukwa cha matenda a mtima ischemia omwe amachititsa kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kupanikizika. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kupuma kapena kumasuka.
"Angin, kapena angina wosasunthika ," nthawi zambiri amapezeka popanda kugonana ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi kapena kupsinjika maganizo ndipo kawirikawiri amakhala ndi matenda oopsa a matendawa .
Ubongo Ischemia
Matenda a ubongo amatsitsimutsa kwambiri, ndipo kuti agwire bwino, ubongo umalandira 20% mwazi wopopedwa ndi mtima. Komanso, mosiyana ndi ziwalo zina zambiri ubongo ulibe malo ogulitsira mphamvu, ndipo umadalira kuti magazi azipitirirabe kugwira ntchito yake. Chifukwa chake, minofu ya ubongo imakhala yovuta kwambiri ngati magazi akudodometsedwa, ndipo pokhapokha ngati magazi akuthamangitsidwa mofulumira ubongo kufa mwamsanga.
Imfa ya ubongo imatchedwa stroke .
Nthawi zina magazi amapita ku gawo la ubongo amaletsedwa kwautali kwambiri kuti atuluke zizindikiro za ubongo ischemia, koma osati nthawi yokwanira kuti apange tizilombo tokha. Matendawa akutchedwa "kusokonezeka kwa ischemic" (TIA) . TIA ikhoza kufotokozera mitundu yambiri ya zilonda zapakati - kupatulapo zizindikiro zimatsimikizira mkati mwa maola angapo. Ma TIA ndi ofunika osati chifukwa chowopsya mwaokha, komanso chifukwa chakuti nthawi zambiri amatsatiridwa ndi sitiroko yonse. Choncho, TIA nthawi zonse amafunika kuchipatala mwamsanga.
Utumbo wa Ischemia
Matenda a m'mimba amatchedwa matenda a mitsempha (amatchedwanso mesenteric ischemia) amapezeka ndi matenda m'mitsempha ya magazi yopereka ziwalo za m'mimba.
Matenda a m'mimba ndi amachimake, omwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi atherosclerosis ya m'mitsempha ya m'mimba, yomwe imayambitsa zizindikiro zobisika pambuyo pa chakudya, pamene matumbo akuyesera kuti azichita ntchito yawo yopatsa magazi pamene akusowa magazi okwanira. Matenda a m'mimba amayamba kupweteka m'mimba (amatchedwa matumbo angina) pambuyo pa chakudya, makamaka chakudya chamtundu. Matenda a m'mimba amayamba kupweteka kwambiri pafupi ndi dzenje, ngakhale kuti amatha kumbuyo.
Nthawi zambiri angina amatha kupitirira kwa maola awiri, koma amabweranso akamadya.
Zovuta m'mimba zam'mimba zimatha kupezeka pamene ambolism (magazi clot) imakhala m'matumbo a m'mimba. Magazi amagazi ambiri amachokera mu mtima, chifukwa cha mafinya a atrial. Ngati embolism yayamba kwambiri, matumbo a m'mimba (imfa ya gawo la m'matumbo) amatha. Kutsekula m'mimba ndi matenda oopsa.
Limb Ischemia
Ischemia wa miyendo imatha kuchitika ndi matenda a mitsempha ya piritsi (PAD), mawonekedwe a atherosclerosis omwe amakhudza mitsempha yopereka mikono kapena miyendo (makamaka, miyendo).
Matenda omwe amawoneka ndi chiwalo cha ischemia ndi kupweteka pakati , mtundu wa ululu wopweteka, nthawi zambiri kumakhudza mwendo umodzi, umene umachitika mobwerezabwereza pambuyo pa kuyenda kokwanira. PAD nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi angioplasty komanso yotentha kwambiri , ngakhale kudutsa opaleshoni kumafunikanso.
Zotsatira
Wilson DB, Mostafavi K, Craven TE, et al. Mankhwala a mesenteric artery stenosis okalamba a ku America. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 2095.
Rooke TW, Hirsch AT, Misra S, et al. Kusamalira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mitsempha (kuphatikizapo 2005 ndi 2011 ACCF / AHA Guideline Recommendations): lipoti la American College of Cardiology Foundation / American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J ndi Coll Cardiol 2013; 61: 1555.
Easton JD, Saver JL, Albers GW, et al. Kutanthauzira ndi kuunika kwa kusokonezeka kwa ischemic: a sayansi kwa akatswiri azaumoyo ochokera ku American Heart Association / American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Radiology and Intervention; Council on Nursing Cardiovascular; ndi Dipatimenti ya Interdisciplinary on Peripheral Vigular Disease. The American Academy of Neurology imatsimikizira kufunika kwa mawu awa ngati chida chophunzitsira kwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo. Stroke 2009; 40: 2276.
Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, et al. 2012 ACCF / AHA / ACP / AATS / PCNA / SCAI / STS chitsogozo cha matenda ndi matenda a odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima a Ischemic: Lipoti la American College Association la Cardiology Foundation / American Heart Association pazochita zogwiritsa ntchito, ndi American College of Physicians, American Association for Odwala Opaleshoni, Opaleshoni Yopereka Mavoti Achikondi, Association of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, ndi Society of the Thoracic Surgeons. Kuthamanga kwa 2012; 126: e354.