Kuyala ndi chinthu chimene timachimvetsa. Koma kwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi multiple sclerosis (MS) (MS), chinthu chophwekachi chingayambitse kupweteka kwambiri pamene iwo akudzichepetsa okha, osadya, kumwa kapena kumwa.
Madokotala amatchula chizindikiro ichi monga dysphagia (chochokera ku Greek dys kutanthauza "kuvutika" ndi phagein kutanthauza "kudya"). Ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri zomwe zingakhudze paliponse kuchokera kwa theka la theka la anthu omwe amakhala ndi MS nthawi zina pazochitika zawo za matenda.
Zimayambitsa
Kuwongolera ndi njira yovuta yomwe imaphatikizapo zochita zaufulu ndi zozizwitsa zosaganizira. MS akhoza kuchepetsa njirayi powononga mitsempha yina ndi njira za neural mu gawo lakatikati la mitsempha, yomwe imadziwika ngati tsinde la ubongo , yomwe imayendetsa njirayi.
MS sikuti imangowononga minofu yowononga, ikhoza kusokoneza nthawi yomwe mphepo yamkuntho (yotchedwa trachea) imayenera kukhala yoyandikana kamodzi chakudya kamalowa mu chitoliro chodyera. Pamene kutsekedwa uku sikuchitika, munthu akhoza kumangokhalira kutsokomola, kumangirira, kapena kutenga zakumwa kapena chakudya kumapapu ake.
Ngakhale kuti dysphagia imakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda akuluakulu, zikhoza kuchitika pa nthawi iliyonse (ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa nthawi) ndi zizindikiro kuyambira kuzinthu zonyenga mpaka zovuta.
Dysphagia ikhoza kuwonjezereka kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mphuno kosadziwika (kotchedwa pakamwa youma ), ndipo pakamwa youma ndi zotsatira zofala za mankhwala ena omwe amachiza zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za MS monga antidepressants ndi anticholinergics zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza vuto la chikhodzodzo.
Zizindikiro
Dysphagia ikhoza kuyamba pafupifupi anthu osazindikira. Izi zikachitika, munthu angayambe kusuta kamodzi kokha atatha kumwa kapena kumangokhalira kugwedeza chakudya (kawirikawiri zakudya zopweteka) m'njira yosakhala yachilendo.
Ndizovuta pokhapokha pamene anthu akuyamba kuzindikira kuti vuto lawo losavuta ndilosavuta.
Panthawiyi, kudya komweko kungayambitse nkhaŵa ndikuwopsya, kutsogolera ena kuti adye zocheperapo chifukwa chowopsya kugwedeza.
Zonsezi, zizindikiro za dysphagia zimagwirizana ndi sitepe yowononga ya MS. Popeza kuti njirayi ikhoza kutenga minofu 30, mitundu ndi zizindikiro za zizindikiro zimasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu ndipo zingaphatikizepo izi:
- Kuvuta kutafuna
- Kuwotha nthawi kapena kumaliza chakudya
- Kutupa kwambiri kapena drooling
- Chakudya chogwedeza pammero
- Kusankha pa chakudya kapena zakumwa
- Kukhala ndi mawu ofooka, ofewa
- Kulephera kumeza kapena kusuntha chakudya kumbuyo kwa pakamwa
- Kuwaza kapena kusanza chakudya
- Kupeza (aspirating) chakudya kapena madzi m'mapapo
Chifukwa cha mavuto okumeza, si zachilendo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi MS-omwe amagwirizana ndi dysphagia kuti awonongeke, kutaya thupi, komanso kusoŵa zakudya m'thupi monga momwe chikhalidwe chimapitirira kapena chikuipiraipira.
Choipa kwambiri, pamene dysphagia imayambitsa chakudya kapena madzi kuti atseke m'mapapu, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la chibayo (mtundu wa chibayo umene mabakiteriya akudya amachititsa matenda). Zonsezi ndizoopsa ndipo ndizimene zimayambitsa imfa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi MS.
Kudziwa
Dysphagia sizingakhale vuto lalikulu m'mayambiriro oyambirira ndipo, zedi, sangapitirize kukhala chinthu china choposa kukwiya.
Komabe, nkofunika kulangiza dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi mavuto aliwonse omeza-ngati mutayesa zomwe zikuchitika ndikuyang'ana bwino zizindikiro zikupita patsogolo.
Kusanthula kumaphatikizapo kafukufuku mmodzi kapena zambiri:
- Mavuto a pamsewu amachitidwa ndi wodwalayo kuti awone momwe minofu yako imasinthira pamtima pako ndi kumvetsera zomwe mawu ako akumveka.
- Videofluoroscopy ndi mtundu wa X-ray yomwe imalemba ndondomeko yomeza.
- Mapuloteni otchulidwa kumaphatikizidwe amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kamera kakang'ono koikidwa m'mphuno kapena mmphepete kuti muwone njira yakumeza.
Utsogoleri
Malingana ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro, chithandizochi chimakhudza momwe mukudyera m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala.
Zina mwazomwe mungathe kuchita:
- Kusintha kwa zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale ndi zakudya zabwino komanso zokwanira. Izi zikhoza kuphatikizapo kuchepetsa zakudya zolimba ndi madzi kapena kusankha zakudya ndi zochepetsetsa, zochepa. Kutenga kuchepetsedwa pang'ono ndikusaka nthawi kumathandizanso. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri wamaphunziro kuti mukwaniritse zosowa zanu.
- Kusintha malo a mutu ndi khosi nthawi zina kumachepetsa kumeza mavuto. Iyi ndi njira yoyesera-yolakwika yomwe ingaphatikizepo kumangirira chinsalu chanu, kumeta mutu wanu, kapena kukhala mosakayika kuti mutsimikizire kuti chakudya chikuyenda bwino.
- Kuchita zozizwitsa zolimbitsa thupi ndizomwe mungalankhulepo ndikuthandizani kuthetsa mavuto ena omwe mukukumana nawo.
Pazirombo zoopsa, chubu chodyetsa (chakudya chamkati) chingakhale chofunikira popereka chakudya ndi madzi m'madzi mwachindunji.
Mawu Ochokera
Monga zizindikilo zambiri za MS, kuchiza dysphagia kumafuna njira zochiritsira kuti zithetse bwino zakudya, kuchepetsa kupweteka kwanu, kuteteza matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa thupi, ndikupweteketsa maganizo ndi zotsatira zina za dysphagia (mwachitsanzo, kutaya zosangalatsa panthaŵi ya chakudya kapena kutopa pa chakudya).
Onetsetsani kuti muyankhulane ndi dokotala wanu ndi chilankhulo chanu choyankhula za chilankhulo chokhudza kumeza kwanu, momwe zingathere komanso kupitirira nthawi, ndikusowa kusintha kwa dongosolo lanu la mankhwala.
> Zosowa
> Miller, R. ndi Britton, D. (2011) "Kudetsa Matenda a Matenda Otetezeka (CNS)." Dysphagia mu Neuromuscular Disease. San Diego, California: Zambiri Zofalitsa, masamba 161-183.
> National MS Society. Dysphagia.