Chidule cha Opaleshoni Yomangika M'thupi

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Opaleshoni Yokonzanso Amayi Pambuyo pa Kugonana

Kuchita opaleshoni yokonzanso mimba, njira yowonzetsera maonekedwe a chibadwa cha m'mawere, kawirikawiri imachitidwa patapita kagawo kakang'ono kake ka kansa ya m'mawere . Odwala omwe ali ndi lumpectomy kawirikawiri samasowa kukonzanso, popeza kuchuluka kwa minofu kumachokera. Odwala ena safuna kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti abwezeretse chifuwa atachotsedwa, koma ambiri amasankha kuti azisamalidwa bwino.

M'mayiko ambiri, kumangidwanso pambuyo pa matenda a kansa ya m'mawere kumakhala ndi inshuwalansi, momwe kumangidwanso kumatengedwa kuti ndi mbali ya mastectomy. Odwala akuganiza kuti mankhwalawa amawathandiza kuti atsimikizire kuti inshuwalansi ndi yofunika kwambiri.

Kwa amayi omwe asankha kusamanganso, pali mabras omwe ali ndi mavitamini omwe amapereka zowonjezera ndi zotsala.

Pomwe chisankhocho chapangidwa kuti chikhale ndi vutoli, chisankho chokhudza kumanganso chiyenera kuchitidwa musanachitike opaleshoni. Chigamulocho chiyenera kupangidwa atatha kuyankhulana ndi dokotala wodziwika opaleshoni ya pulasitiki ndi zochitika mu njira zomanganso mawere. Ichi ndichifukwa chakuti kumanganso kungakhale "mwamsanga" ndipo kumatsirizidwa pa opaleshoni imodzimodziyo monga "kuchepetsedwa" ndikuchitidwa tsiku lotsatira.

Kubwezeretsa m'mimba ndi njira yoperekera mimba ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito anesthesia . Odwala amakhala m'chipatala kwa masiku osachepera atatha opaleshoni.

Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi mawere akulu kapena mawere omwe adzawoneke mosiyana kapena kukula kwake kuposa mawere oyambitsanso, kuchepa kwa m'mawere kungakhale kofunikira kuti perekani zofanana. Njira ina ndi njira yowonjezeretsa kapena kutsitsa pachifuwa.

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Kubwezeretsedwa kwa M'thupi mwamsanga ndi ma Implants

Kubwezeretsa msanga kwa mabere kumachitika nthawi yomweyo monga vuto losawonongeka ndipo nthawi zambiri limachitidwa ndi opaleshoni ya pulasitiki. Akatswiri amavomereza kukonzanso mwamsanga kwa odwala amene amayembekezera kuti azitha kutuluka ndi dzuwa pambuyo pochita masewerawa. Kuphulika kwa khungu, khungu lachiritsi ndi kuchizira kwa minofu yambiri kungasinthidwe ndi mankhwala ochizira. Pakutha kumanganso chisanafike, khungu limatha kukhala ndi machiritso ambiri omwe amatsogolera ku zotsatira zowonongeka.

Pakangomangidwanso, pamapeto pake, patsiku limaphatikizidwa kumalo a chifuwacho. Mtundu wa mavitamini, silicone kapena saline ndi wamba, ndi kusankha komwe wodwalayo atakambirana ndi opaleshoni ya pulasitiki.

Chimodzi mwa ubwino wa kumangidwanso mwamsanga ndikuti palibe chosowa cha opaleshoni yowonjezereka pambuyo pomangidwanso mwamsanga. Ndondomekoyi imachitidwa kamodzi kokha pamene opaleshoniyo yachita opaleshoni, kuthetsa chiopsezo chochita opaleshoni yachiwiri. Azimayi ena amapeza njirayi kuti ikhale yokongola kuposa njira zina zomanganso zifukwa zowonjezera. Wodwala sawona chifuwa pakati pa kuchotsedwa kwa minofu ndi kusungidwa kwa mankhwala.

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Opaleshoni Yokonzanso Amayi Ndi Mapiritsi Achifuwa

Njira yatsopano yokonzanso mimba mwamsanga ndi njira yokonzanso yomwe imayambira pa opaleshoni imodzimodziyo monga njira yogwiritsira ntchito mastectomy, koma yatha kumapeto kwake. Njirayi ndi yoyenera pamene khungu la otsala limakhala lolimba ndipo silingathe kulowetsa palimodzi pa nthawi ya opaleshoniyo.

Kawirikawiri, kuika kansalu kosungunuka kumapangidwe pansi pa khungu ndipo kumaphatikizidwa ndi saline patatha masabata kapena miyezi kuti adziwe khungu ndi minofu. Khungu likadzatambasula mokwanira kuti likhale lopangidwa, opaleshoni yachiŵiri ikuchitidwa kuti m'malo mwa buluni ikhale ndi chokhazikika. Nthaŵi zina ochotsayo akhoza kusiya m'malo mwa saline wamba kapena kuika mawere a silicone.

Ndondomekoyi ingagwiritsenso ntchito ziphuphu, kapena mzere wa minofu kuchokera kwina kulikonse mthupi, kukawonjezera minofu yotsalira kapena m'malo mwake. Chigwiritsiro ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito chiphuphu chiyenera kupangidwa powalumikizana ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni ya pulasitiki ngati sikoyenera kwa odwala onse.

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Opaleshoni Yoyambilira Yomangamaso Yomwe Imaphatikizidwa Ndi Mapiritsi Achifuwa

Kuchepetsa kumanganso malo awiri, mofanana ndi kumanganso masitepe awiri, ndi njira ziwiri zochitiramo opaleshoni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso minofu ya m'mawere. Mosiyana ndi ndondomeko yomweyo, njira yopaleshoni yopangira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imachitidwa mosiyana ndi opaleshoni ya mastectomy ndipo imafuna opaleshoni yachitatu ndi yomaliza kukwaniritsa njirayi.

Kamodzi kowonjezera kameneka kamakhala kamene kamakopeka pang'onopang'ono mwa kuyiritsa yankho la saline pamapeto pa milungu kapena miyezi kuti mutambasule khungu la m'mawere. Pamene expander ndi yokonzedweratu mokwanira kuti amalowetsedwe ndi kukula kwa yoyenera kukula, opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa kuti amaika chokhazikika chimene chidzakhalapo kosatha. Nthaŵi zina, chotsitsacho chimatha kusiyidwa mmalo mwa silicone kapena kuikidwa kwa saline.

Ndondomekoyi ingagwiritsenso ntchito chiphuphu, mzere wochokera kumbali ina ya thupi, kuwonjezera minofu yotsalira kapena m'malo mwake. Chigwiritsiro ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito chiphuphu chiyenera kupangidwa powalumikizana ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni ya pulasitiki ngati sikoyenera kwa odwala onse.

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Ntchito Yomangamanga Yopanda Pachimake

Kumanganso kachipangizo kamene kamatulutsa mimba kungatheke ndi chophimba chochita opaleshoni m'malo mopangira mankhwala. Iyi ndi njira yomwe minofu imachotsedwa kumbali ina ya thupi monga mimba kapena kumbuyo ndikupita kumtima kuti ikalowetse minofu yomwe inachotsedwa. Kubwezeretsa kumeneku kumagwiritsa ntchito minofu ya mthupi, khungu ndi mafuta kuti apangenso bwino bere m'malo mowika.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya njira zomveka. Chombo cha TRAM (transverse rectus abdominus miscle) chimagwiritsa ntchito khungu la m'mimba ndi minofu ya minofu kuti apange minofu yatsopano. Nthawi zina minofu imachotsedwa mwathunthu ndipo imaikidwa m'mimba. Mtundu woterewu, kumene minofu imachotsedwera ndi kuikidwa kudera lina, amatchedwa ufulu womveka.

Njira ina imene amagwiritsira ntchito minofu ya m'mimba ndi opaleshoni ya m'mimba. Minofu ya mimba siimachokera m'mitsempha ya magazi yomwe imaidyetsa, koma ziwiya zimatsogoleredwa pansi pa khungu kupita kumtunda kumene minofu imasungidwa m'malo. Mtundu woterewu, wokhala ndi magazi wotsalira pa chitsimikizo chake choyambirira, umatchedwa pedicle.

Chombo cha DIEP (mkatikatikatikati mwa epigastic arter perforator) chimagwiritsanso ntchito minofu ya m'mimba, kuchotsedwa ndi kusinthidwa pamtanda ngati mzere womasuka. Ndondomekoyi ndi yapadera chifukwa kuchotsa minofu kumaphatikizapo kutuluka mmimba (kumatumbo) ndipo sikugwiritsa ntchito minofu ya minofu, mafuta ndi khungu kokha.

Ndondomeko yotchedwa latissimus dorsi yotchinga imagwiritsa ntchito minofu kuchokera ku minofu yaikulu kumbuyo komwe imayendetsa mapewa. Njira yowonongeka ya pedicle, la latissimus dorsi flap yatsala kumagazi ake ndipo imatsogoleredwa kumalo pansi pa khungu la chifuwa.

Njira zowonongeka sizoyenera kwa odwala omwe akusuta, ali ndi shuga kapena ali ndi vuto linalake limene limachepetsa khungu.

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Opaleshoni Yokonzanso Mankhwala

Popanda opaleshoni yokonzanso kumanganso chifuwa chokonzedwanso kamakhala ndi khungu la chifuwa chachibadwa, koma mbozi ndi asola sizilipo. Odwala omwe amasankha kukhala opaleshoni yokonzanso mimba amachitanso zimenezi patapita nthawi kuposa opaleshoni yokonzanso.

Ntchito yomanganso ming'oma imachitidwa ndi kutenga minofu kuchokera kumbali ina ya thupi ndikuyiphatikizira kumtunda, kuigwiritsira ntchito pamtundu kuti ming'oma ipangidwe. Panthawi imeneyi, mzere wa nkhono umakhala wofiira pokhapokha ngati unkalumikizidwa kuchoka ku chinkhuni china, ndipo palibe maluwa omwe akuzungulira mbozi. Ngati mabala a orola kapena mtundu wa khungu wofanana ndi mtundu wa chikopa umafunidwa mtundu umagwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza mwa kujambula mtundu pa khungu.

Mosiyana ndi opaleshoni yaikulu yomanganso, kumanganso ming'oma kungathe kuchitidwa panthawi yapadera chifukwa cha anesthesia. Azimayi ena amasankha kuti asamangidwe, ndi chisankho chaumwini, ndipo ndondomekoyi ndi yokongoletsera yokha, yomwe imapereka ubwino ndi chifuwa china.

Nkhono yomangidwanso sichimveka mofanana ndi ntchentche yapachiyambi, koma imapereka mawonekedwe ambiri. Pambuyo pokonzanso khunguli likhoza kuwonekera, likuyendetsa kuchokera pachifuwa, kuwapangitsa akazi ena kudzimva ndi kudzikuza ndi maonekedwe a nsapato tsiku ndi tsiku moyo. Ngati izi zikudetsa nkhaŵa, ziyenera kukambirana ndi opaleshoni ya pulasitiki pokonzekera njirayi.

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Kubwezeretsa Pambuyo pa Opaleshoni Yomangamanga Yomangamaso

Ndi zachilendo kumverera kutopa kwa masabata angapo pambuyo poti ma opaleshoni amatha kusintha. Odwala ali opweteka kwambiri pambuyo pa ndondomekoyi ndipo mwina akuwonjezeka kupweteka ndi kukweza kapena kuyenda kwa mikono. Odwala amatha kubwereranso ku ntchito zambiri mkati mwa masabata asanu ndi limodzi, koma ntchito zamphamvu, makamaka zomwe zimapangitsa kuthamanga, monga kuthamanga, zimatenga nthawi yaitali. Odwala amatha kubwerera kumoyo wogonana nthawi yomweyo.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti mankhwala opatsirana khansa akhoza kuchepetsa machiritso ndikuwonjezera kutopa. Ngati wodwala akulandira chithandizo cha khansa, kubwezeretsedwa kuchokera ku opaleshoni yokhayo ingakhale yaitali ngati zotsatira zake zonse za mankhwala ndi ma radiation zingakhale monga kutopa, kutsekula m'mimba, kunyowa ndi kusanza. Azimayi ena amasankha kumangomangika kokha chifukwa sakuyembekeza kuti azitha kuchitidwa opaleshoni yokhayokha miyezi ingapo pambuyo pa mastectomy.

Magulu ambiri othandizira alipo, pa intaneti ndi m'mizinda yonse kudera lonse, kuthandiza odwala kuthana ndi kusintha kwa khansa ya m'mawere. Magulu othandizirawa amapatsa odwala mwayi wokambirana ndi ena omwe adagawana zomwe akumana nazo ndipo akhoza kupereka ubale kuwonjezera pa chithandizo ndi chitsogozo.

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Kugonana Pambuyo pa Opaleshoni Yomangamanga Yomangamaso

Kubwereranso kumagulu okhudzana ndi kugonana pambuyo pochita opaleshoni ya mastectomy komanso kumamanda ndizovuta komanso zakuthupi. Kupweteka kuchokera kumangidwe kungalepheretse wodwala kuti achite nawo zogonana, monga chifuwa chidzakhala chowawa komanso chosavuta ndi kayendedwe kambiri. Pamene kupweteka kumapangitsa kuti chisankho chobwerera kubanja chikhoza kuchititsa nkhawa ndi nkhawa.

Kugonana kungakhale kotheka koma vuto lingathe kutengeka maganizo. Kuda nkhaŵa za maonekedwe a mimba kapena mabere atsopano kumeneku ndi zachibadwa komanso kuyembekezera. Odwala nthawi zambiri amadera nkhaŵa za zida za opaleshoni ndi kumverera kwa m'mawere, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana kusiyana ndi zomwe zinalipo kale.

Kulankhulana momasuka pakati pa wodwala ndi mnzakeyo kungathandize kuthetsa mlengalenga ndi kuchepetsa nkhawa zomwe wokondedwa angakhale nawo. Wodwala angakhale okhudzidwa ndi maonekedwe ndi zokhumudwitsa pamene wokondedwayo akhoza kukhala ndi nkhaŵa zokhuza kupweteka bere kapena kupweteka pamtunda.

Kuphatikizapo kukambirana za momwe mabere akumvera, momwe kumverera kumasiyanasiyana ndi chisangalalo chisanachitike opaleshoni ndi zomwe zimakondweretsa zokha zingakhale zothandiza pakuyanjanitsa kugonana.

Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti kugonana sikungamve ngati chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakulimbana ndi matenda owopsya, ndipo kusowa kwa kugonana kungakhale mbali ya matenda onse, osati kudandaula pa bere. Kusakhala ndi chilakolako kungakhale kochuluka kwambiri ndi mankhwala a khansa ndi zotsatira zake komanso zosiyana ndi maonekedwe a m'mawere.

Kuvutika maganizo kumakhala kofala kwa odwala khansa ya m'mawere, pafupifupi theka la anthu onse omwe amapezeka kuti akuvutika maganizo mu chaka chotsatira. Kusokonezeka maganizo kungachepetse kwambiri kugonana monga zizindikiro, kuphatikizapo kutopa ndi kukwiya, zingachititse kugonana kukhala kosavuta.

> Zotsatira:

> Kupanikizika ndi Nkhawa kwa Akazi Omwe Ali ndi Khansa Yoyamba Yam'mbuyo. Burgess, Cornelius, et al, British Medical Journal. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=15695497

> Mankhwala othandiza mafilimu ndi Inu. National Institutes of Health. http://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/radiationttherapy.pdf

> Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro za Kuvutika Maganizo. National Institutes of Health. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression/men-and-depression/signs-and-symptoms-of-depression/index.shtml