Kuyerekeza Mitundu ya Opaleshoni Yopangidwira

1 -

Kodi Mastectomy ndi chiyani? Kufotokozera Opaleshoni

Kachilombo kameneka ndiko kuchotsedwa kwa bere.

Zambiri zowonongeka zimachitidwa pa amayi ngati khansa ya m'mawere , ngakhale kuti abambo angayambe khansa ya m'mawere ndipo amafunikanso njirayi. Nthaŵi zina, lumpectomy ingakhale njira ina yopaleshoni ya odwala. Anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yambiri ya m'mawere angafunike kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa ena kapena minofu yonse m'mawere.

Amuna ena omwe ali ndi matenda otchedwa gynecomastia , omwe minofu ya m'mawere imakula kwambiri, sankhani vuto lopaka zokongoletsera.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya zovuta. Chisankho cha mastectomy chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa chiyenera kupangidwa mothandizidwa ndi dokotala wochita opaleshoni yemwe akuchita masewerawa, oncologist ndi opaleshoni ya pulasitiki akuchita ntchito yomanganso. Njira zina sizingaganizidwe, malingana ndi malo komanso kukula kwa khansara. Zosowa za wodwalayo ziyeneranso kuyeza.

Chisankho choyenera kubwezeretsa chifuwa chiyenera kuchitidwa musanachite opaleshoni ya mastectomy. Ntchito yomanganso ikhoza kuchitidwa pokhapokha mutatha kuchipatala kapena tsiku lotsatira.

Kuchita opaleshoni kumachitidwa ndi anesthesia ndipo nthawi zambiri imatha maola awiri kapena atatu, ngakhale kuti zingatenge nthawi yaitali ngati njira yothetsera ma lymph nodes imakonzedwa kapena kuvomerezedwa ndikuchitidwa mwamsanga.

2 -

Mastectomy yosavuta (Total Mastectomy)

Mastectomy yosavuta kumva, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti mastectomy, ndiyo njira yomwe imachotsa mimba yonse ya bere. Njira yowonjezereka ya opaleshoni, yomwe imatchedwa kuti chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino, imaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa asola ndi msomali. Komabe, opaleshoniyi ikhoza kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito khungu ndi njira zoperekera zikopa. Amachokanso minofu pansi pa mfuyo.

Ndondomekoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito makina asanu ndi atatu m'litali mwake yomwe imayambira mkatikati mwa bere, pafupi ndi fupa, ndipo imapitirira pamwamba ndi kunja kutsogolo kwa armpit. Chombocho chingasinthidwenso kuchotsa minofu yowopsya kuchokera kumayendedwe akale, omwe angapangitse zotsatira zodzikongoletsera ngati kukonzanso kumafunidwa.

Pambuyo pake, chifuwacho chimatsekedwa ndi sutures , zomwe thupi limatenga pang'onopang'ono, kapena zomwe zimachotsedwa pakapita maulendo 10 mpaka 14 mutatha opaleshoni. Pakhoza kukhalanso kukhetsa, chipangizo chomwe chimathandiza kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera mthupi kuti chichiritse machiritso ndi kuchepetsa kutupa, mmalo mwake. Kutentha kumakhala pansi pa bandage kuteteza malo opaleshoni ndi kukhetsa malo opangira. Kawirikawiri, kukhetsa kwacho kudzachotsedwa panthawi ya maofesi atatha kutuluka kuchipatala.

Pamene mtundu uwu wa mastectomy umaphatikizidwa ndi njira yowonjezerapo kuchotsa mitsempha ya m'mimba kuchokera pansi pa mkono amatchedwa kusintha kosinthika mastectomy . Iyenso, imatha kuyanjanitsidwa ndi ndondomeko ya kumanganso mawere.

3 -

Kusinthidwa Kwambiri Kwambiri

Kusintha kwachilombo koyambitsa matendawa ndi mtundu wa mastectomy omwe amachotsa kuchotsa mawere onse a m'mawere ndi chifuwa chochotsa mitsempha kuchoka kumtunda pambali ya thupi. Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumaphatikizapo kuchotseratu mbozi ndi asola, koma opaleshoniyi ikhoza kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira za khungu ndi zingwe.

Monga mastectomy yosavuta, njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito elliptical incision 6 mpaka 8 m'litali yomwe imayamba mkatikati mwa bere, pafupi ndi fupa, ndipo imapitirira pamwamba ndi kunja kutsogolo kwa armpit. Chombocho chingasinthidwenso kuchotsa minofu yowopsya kuchokera kumayendedwe akale, omwe angapangitse zotsatira zodzikongoletsera ngati kukonzanso kumafunidwa.

Pamene minofu ya mfuti imachotsedwa, chotsekedwacho chatsekedwa ndi sutures kapena masamba omwe amachotsedwa panthawi ya maulendo atapita masiku 10 mpaka 14 mutatha opaleshoni. Mwinanso pangakhale mvula kuti athe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutupa mderalo. Madzi oterewa amadzazidwa ndi mabanki kuti ateteze malo osokoneza malo komanso kukonza malo. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimachotsedwa pambuyo poyeretsedwa kuchokera kuchipatala ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni pafupipafupi pafupipafupi atachita opaleshoni.

4 -

Wopambana Mastectomy (Halsted Mastectomy)

Matenda akuluakulu, omwe amadziwikanso kuti Halsted mastectomy, si njira yodziwika bwino. Ngakhale kuti opaleshoniyi inali yoyenera ya chisamaliro m'mbuyomu, tsopano ikuchitidwa kwa odwala omwe apita ku khansa ya m'mawere yomwe yayambitsa khoma la minofu pansi pa minofu.

Mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya mastectomy, mastectomy kwambiri amachotsa minofu ya m'mawere okhudza mawere. Amachotsanso mitsempha yonse pansi pa mkono pambali yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi minofu yomwe ili pansi pa bere. Khungu lokha limayenera kutseketsa incision yatsala m'malo.

Ndondomekoyi siyenela kutero kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo siinawononge minofu.

Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yowonongeka kwa mitsempha yowonongeka, kusiya minofu yaying'ono kusiyana ndi khungu pamwamba pa nthiti. Khungu lomwe linasiya pambuyo pochita opaleshoniyi ndilo mainchesi 6 mpaka 8, ndipo khungu lokwanira linatsala kuti litsekeko ndi sutures kapena masamba.

Dokotala wodokotala akhoza kukhazikitsa madontho m'madera ochitira opaleshoni omwe, monga mwa njira zina, adzaphimbedwera kuti atetezedwe ndipo pambuyo pake adzachotsedwa ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni panthawi ya maulendo achizolowezi.

5 -

Mankhwala a Kansalu ndi Khungu

Mankhwala opangira khungu ndi khungu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphatikizapo ma opaleshoni ambiri kuti asunge khungu kusiyana ndi momwe amachitira ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Chitsogozo chachikulu cha kusunga khungu, toola, ndi khungu lina ndi izi: Malo a khansa ayenera kukhala osachepera masentimita awiri kutali ndi minofu yomwe idzapulumutsidwe. Choncho, wodwala amene khansayo yokhudza khungu kapena khunyu sakanakhala woyenera kuti akhale ndi matendawa atapatsidwa opaleshoni.

Kuchepetsa Khungu Kutaya Mastectomy

Njira imeneyi imateteza khungu la m'mawere, koma osati msuzi ndi toola, zomwe zimachotsedwa. Kenako minofu ya m'mawere imachotsedwa kudera limenelo. Kwa amayi omwe ali ndi mawere akuluakulu, angapangidwe kowonjezera kuti ziwalo za m'mawere zichotsedwe, koma khungu lamatsalira pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Kutsekemera Mankhwala Osakaniza

Chombocho chochotsa minofu chimapangidwa kuzungulira mayola, motero kusunga mbozi ndi asola. Ndondomekoyi, monga momwe khungu limasinthira, lingapangitse kutentha kwakukulu kuposa momwe kulili koyenera mwambo wamakhalidwe, makamaka ngati bere lili lalikulu kukula.

Chikopa Chapafupi

Njirayi, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo, samangoteteza khungu la m'mawere koma mthunzi ndi asola. Kutengeka kwa kuchotsa minofu kumatha kuikidwa m'khola pansi pa mbuzi kumene silingakhoze kuwonedwa mosavuta kamodzi katachiritsidwa, kapena kutengeka kungapangidwe kuzungulira asola.

6 -

Kuchulukitsa Matenda

Kuchulukitsa kwa opaleshoni ya mastectomy kumayambira mu PACU, kapena kutumiza gawo lachipatala la anesthesia, kumene wodwalayo akuyang'aniridwa pamene mankhwala a anesthesia amatha. Pambuyo pake, wodwalayo amatengedwera kuchipatala komwe angayang'anire pa mavuto alionse maola 34 mpaka 48 mutatha opaleshoni.

Pa nthawi ya kuchira, masiku awiri kapena atatu oyambirira adzakhala opweteka kwambiri, ndipo ululu umachepa tsiku lililonse. Ndi bwino kupeŵa ntchito iliyonse yomwe ikuphatikizapo kuyendayenda, monga kuthamanga, panthawi yomwe amachira. Kukwera ndi kukhumudwa panthawiyi, monga kukweza manja pamwamba pa mutu, zomwe zingayesetse kupweteka ndikupweteka kwambiri.

Kusokonezeka maganizo pambuyo pozindikira kuti khansa ya m'mawere, kapena popanda opaleshoni, ndi vuto kwa odwala ambiri. Kusokonezeka maganizo kungapangitse wodwalayo kuti ayambe kuchita opaleshoni kapena kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga zisankho. Ikhoza kuchepetsa kutopa kumene odwala amamva pambuyo pa opaleshoni komanso chemotherapy ndi ma radiation. N'zosavuta kusokoneza zizindikiro za kuchira kwachidziwitso kuchokera ku opaleshoni, kotero ndikofunikira kudziŵa zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo .

Mwachibadwa, wodwala wopanda vuto la opaleshoni ayenera kubwereranso ku ntchito zamphamvu mkati mwa masabata 6 mpaka 8, ngati mankhwala ena sapangitsa kutopa kwambiri. Kubwereranso kumoyo wogonana pambuyo pa kugonana kwakuyenera kuyeneranso panthawiyo ngati mukufunayo.

Odwala omwe sakufuna kumanganso chida amafunikira ma prosthetics omwe amawoneka bwino pakati pa chifuwa chachibadwa ndi bere limene lachotsedwa. Pali mankhwala ochuluka omwe alipo, makamaka pa intaneti, kuphatikizapo mabras, mawonekedwe a m'mawere, ndi kusambira.

Kuphatikiza pa opaleshoni, odwala ambiri ali ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena onse awiri. Chigamulocho chimadalira kukula kwa khansara, zokhumba za wodwala komanso maganizo a oncologist.

> Zotsatira:

> Khansa ya m'mimba mwa Amuna. American Cancer Society

> Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere ndi siteji. American Cancer Society

> Kumangidwanso kwa mimba. Foundation ya Susan G. Komen

> Kupanikizika ndi Nkhawa kwa Akazi Omwe Ali ndi Khansa Yoyamba Yam'mbuyo. Burgess, Cornelius, et al, British Medical Journal. 2005.

> Zizindikiro ndi Zizindikiro za Kuvutika Maganizo. National Institutes of Health.

> Mankhwala othandiza mafilimu ndi Inu. National Institutes of Health